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Show THE NEWS-OBSERVE- UTAH GRANTSVILLE, R, Under the eut ganlzatlon the director of reclamation has been abolished. A commissioner of reclamation has been appointed (D. 3V. Davis) and the bureau organized In line with the other 14 bureaus of the Department of Interior. In the Washing- US giraj (Reclamation Service Through Diversified Farming the Farmer Will Do More for Himself By ALEXANDER LEGGE, President International Harvester Co. ia an age of specialization in almost everything. Why, then, upon the farmer to do practically the opioite and diversify? The answer ia simple. Only by diversified agriculture can the average farm be made to produce something that will keep ou adding to the farmers wealth, the farmers returns, all through the year. The one-cro-p farmer as, fur example, the man in spring wheat territory who raises wheat alone is not productively employed and hia land is also idle for a considerable part of the year. And all the time the fixed charges against his farm keep on piling up. There is no idle period for taxes, interest, insurance, or any of the fixed charges of upkeep. They are working all the time. How long do you suppose any kind of business could survive conditions like those of p farming, running unlyjiart of the year? There ia plenty of risk in farming at the best. Every farmer is compelled to gamble against the weather, against various kinds of pests, and again.--t fluctuations of market demands and prices. Diversified farming ia the best insurance I know of ngaiiiet these risks the insurance of the feed lot, the dairy barn, the hog pen, the hen house and the garden. If you want to know how the faets fit with these theories, ask the credit man who deals with customers iu any agricultural community; ask the banker who does business with both kinds of farmers. Experience has clearly proved that in any locality where the farmers have gone in fur live stock, dairying, poultry raising, gardening, or other forms of diversified fanning, they need little accommodation from tha credit standpoint. The credit man or the banker will tell you that p exactly the reverse is true in a community that is devoted to of or or other or vvlieut, cotton, corn, farming, single product. any As far as I can read the signs of the future, I see no indication that the fixed charges for fanning are going to Lc materially reduced. And since the farmer cannot expect much, if any, reduction in his fixed charges, his hope of betterment mu.--t lie in improvement of his returns. For this improvement he may derive some help from marketing and from other economic measures that farmers can bring into play by pulling together. But, for the most part, the funner, like the rest of us, must find his own cure fur his own troubles. I firmly believe that through diversified farming, individually studied and individually applied, the farmer will do much more for himself than anybody will ever do fur him. THIS ton office we will now have the law division, the auditing the chief division, clerics office, the bureau engineer and the four field Inspectors. In the Denver office the duties will he engineering, having to do with the construction work relative to bringing water to the different projects. At that point the field commissioner (Cnn-nonan agriculturist, will assume charge of the project management, except for the work that dire refaryflubart Work. one-cro- crop-destroyi- QMtenreteanr Elephant Butlc SECRETARY VORK. APPOINTS SPECIAL onc-cro- ADVIJOR5 TO MAKE EXHAUSTIVE INQUIRY By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN EC11KTAUY OF THE INTERIOR HU-- . BERT WOHK is reorganizing the bull reau of reclamation and all the West B la watching the process. And there la H plenty to watch, for there are 28 B reclamation projects In 14 states, rep-- j reaenllng an Investment by the fed-ergovernment of $181,000,000. over a million acres of Irrigated lands are cropped ench year and the products are valued at $50,0U0,fi00 or more. On these project lunda are about 500,000 people, exclusive of the cities and villages. The Intlucnce of wholeeach project Is of course sale purchases of manufactured products by the people on the Yuina project for example, totaled (5,411,000 In 1921. So the prosperity of many people la bound up with the prosperity of each project - sKg-. . 5; ' ... " ' eitfnf dfi 3mrne s "I GlkHwr frojeot" may be required of engineers, who will work from the office of the chief technical division will send Its rebuts on the construction work to the Wnslil n g t o n office and the field will forward Ills reports on Senator Ashurst of Arizona, in a debate in the lost congress, said this : Tills may be tme. Nevertheless, this reclamation work Is a business proposition. Uncle Sum furnished the funds anil did the work mid Is evenfuully to get his money buck. It now looks as If It would be some time before he breaks even. Members of congress liovu been preparing to mnl'c demands for repayments In this congress. Secretary Work Is quoted as saying, The service was on the rocks and couldnt have lusted live years longer. lie Is also quoted as sjienkliig of himself as the receiver of the reclamation service. Altogether, the twenty years of government reclamation do not seem to huve been an unqualified success. Fortunately there Is an official statement, which gives a fair idea of conditions. It was made by Secretary Work to the Siiecinl Advisors' committee appointed by hhn last fall to niuke an exhaustive Inquiry Into the financial and physical features of the 28 projects und into governmental policies and methods. The personnel of this committee Is distinguished. The members now at wurk on the Investigation are: President Julius Domes, of the United Stntes Chamber of Commerce, Washington. James R. Garfield, former secretary of the Interior, Cleveland, Ohio. Former Governor Thomas E. Campbell, of Arizona, Phoenix. Dr. John A. Widtsoe, former president of the State university and State Agricultural College of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. President Oscar F. Hradfute, of the American Farm Ilureau federation, Xenia, O. Clyde E. Duwson, Denver, authority on Irrigation law. El wood Mead, noted authority on reclamation and Irrigation, Berkeley, Cal. Mr. Campbell was elected cliairmnn and Dr. Widtsoe, secretary. Secretary Works statement to the committee was in part ns follows: Soon after I was culled upon to act us secretary of the interior, In March, 192:1, iu.v attention was particularly directed to conditions relating to the reclamation projects constructed or being constructed by the depnrtment in the western states und among which I hare lived for thirty-fiv- e years "Through complaints from organizations r.f water users. Individual water users, rcimrts of agents, Inspectors, official records of the department and congress, It appeured that neurly ull of the projects were in such condition that Borne radii al reforms or Improvements must he liuil If I hey were to be saved, farmers protected from loss of their homes and the return of the innuey advanced by the for tlielr construction und iimlutcnuuce was to lie secured. "The complulnts and criticisms cover u vnrietj of points too numerous to lie describeii here, dui Included charges that In many of the projects the original estimates under which settlers were Induced to go upon the projects were from 50 to 100 per cent too low and that (he uetual cost has been so great that It Is Impossible for the farmers to pay out within the time and manner fixed by law. or even at all ; that mistakes, engineering und otherwise, had been made which added materially to the cost of constructed projects; tlint others hnd lieen undertaken that should never huve been started; that the overhead costs of the service sad many of the Individual projects, all home by water users, were burdensome and excessive. Under the system used In the reclamation aerv- - Chicago Is Rather Obese; a Voluptuous Beauty With a Cad Breath engineer. "The engineering ), At the outsat 1st It be remembered that the full Importance oC national irrigation cannot be measured In dollara, (or it has an Intangible value not to be estimated In tonnage tables nor transportation rates. In building new commonwealths In the arid lands of the West tbs government ia utilising undeveloped resources and cresting opportunities for its citizens. One of the primary purposes of the reclamation law was to create homes, and this purpose has bean richly fulfilled. Viewed from tble standpoint alone, netlonal reclamation has amply Justified all for which Its advocates hoped. wmKttse. 6 tsrrt wide-reachin-g; (Arlzonn-Californla- , TE. Campbell Qiitc(mrOo4lMfrrroo4 J.R. Garfield Clinotdnii- Ice I have been unable to get figures that nppenr to he dependable ns to the cost of individual projects or the total money expended on all projects. "It Is represented, taken from the records of the bureau, that the government's total Investment to June 30, 192.3, In round numliers Is $181,000,000, und Its tidal receipts about $10,000,01)0, leaving n balance invested and unpaid of $13.", 01)0,000. The reclamation service, for which tills department Is r sponsible, apparently requires reorganization. Animal reports on some projects Indicate their Insolvency and pending failure. Out of the 28 projects only one bus met Its obligations as they fell due. Long extensions of lime for payments due are. being urged individually Hnd by projects. The original period for payment Is expiring on certain projects qnd an additional extension Is being asked. In one Instance such extension Is to lie preceded by a five-yemoratorium. "Iteclamntion of arid lands by Irrigation from government funds its heretofore practiced is falling on n majority of projects us a business procedure und must he promptly readjusted us to methods of reimbursement of funds appropriated and for the purpose of securing to the settler a permanent 29-ye- home. "Your committee Is requested to survey the whole subject in Its entirety; give to the bureau your opinions concerning our operating methods that we may avoid errors, and finally your recommendations which congress may study and which should ultimately preserve the sanerity of eon tract, secure to fanners safety for their Investments already made and Insure a return of invested funds. Secretary Work's first move was to accept the r of the recresignation of A. I. Davis as dim-tolamation und lo abolish the office. He then ap pointed David W. Davis commissioner of the buand Miles Cannon, former reau of commissioner of agriculture of Idaho, field Late last fall he announced commissioner. that the two principal headquarters or the reclamation sendee would be In Washington and Denver, the latter rlty being a central point as to the reclH-inntio- n various reclamation projects. The reclamation service will henceforth lie divided Into two pracOne will care for tically separate departments. the construction of the projects; the other will rare for the operation and maintenance after const ruction. Secretary Works announcement of reorgunlza lion was made to n special committee of the Den ver Civic and (oininerclal association, with whom he lmd hero In conference, lie said in pan: "The dropping of 25 employees In Washington will mean n saving of $2I).0(K) a year, as the sa! uries of these employees amounted to approximately $10,000 a year, and the expenses Incidental ti their employment totaled about the same amount "There are about 75 employees of the bureau in Denver and some 5.000 employees engaged In the work of construction, niienitlon and on the different projects. No decision will ho reached In regard to these employee until I have laid nn opportunity to go over the situation thor oughlv. Forint riy the rcrlunuitinn service was under the director of reclamation- (A. P. Davis), who was un engineer with offices In Washington. The branch office In Denver was for the administrative wurk in the field. Each project whs supervised by u manager who attended to the operation of the project and who wns the connecting link between the government and the farmer. This project manager did the collecting, supervised the operation of the ditches and endeavored to get settlers fog the land. D W. By NELLIE MARGARET SCAXLAN, in New York Times. ; the operation and maintenance of the projects to the some Davis plnee. F. E. Weymouth (clil :f engineer at Cnn-noDenver lirmich) will act as engineer and Miles Is flic field commissioner. They will uet undei David W. Davis, the commissioner of the bureau, who will have rlinrgo of the administration of Iht reclamation work und the organization. Mr. 33 cy j have gone over tills phir. mouth end Mr. Ci'iim-with nn.- und are thoroughly In accord with It. Mr. V, cymnutl) shall huve charge of all engineering work such ns reconnaissance, investigas, construction and such other work tions, as may be assigned, lie will have two assistant neers with whom to consult und who will chief suhstiiuii- tor him hi Ills absence. commissioner, Mr. Cannon will have As the of npcrullon of the reclamation die charge iricis si'ili as the dclfcery of water, land, crof pnidiii-ii"iihandling und marketing, Iinpmvenieni of farm conditions. Industrial betterment, codec thin of water und other charges, and the settle menl of lands. Chairman Campbell of the Advisors committee, after preliminary Investigation, says that a practical moratorium will have to he granted bj ibe government on u number of rcclumutlnn projects to prevent disastrous failure for the present ten- li.-l- , ants. In my opinion," said Mr. Campbell, It wld be necessary fr the government to reconstruct tilt fiscal policy of Its reclamation service and gram a new start to a number of projects, prohnbly of I hem." The 33'esiern States Reclamation association re met at Suit Lnke, elected R. E. Shepherd The president in llnce of D. 33'. Davis, resigned. said of Secretary Frank E. Brown annual in part : Those of us who are inclined pessimistically to view the seeming inability of settlors on government irrigation projects to pay ihelr Just obligabetween the tions because of the wide spread the and price of cost of living ami production view that a situathe taken huve fariii products, tion dangerous to expansion has developed through die necessity of the appointment by the secretary commission (Speof tue Interior of a cial Advisors committee), the report of which, for the ruluiv. ihey believe, may blast the hopes review the siiiiari-i-calmwill we if Is, truth But the comu, Is the Unit we will agree elTorl the government slot, iV really the first great of has ever made to look Into the development these project which mean personal enrUhing. commission, with a personnel This one-iliir- g ly, g which brings confidence, is nol to be led n h.v Ihc agarics or guesswork; II will not be swayed hv the narrowness of unsound ooniiumio argmiieii nor will it be turned in It findings by iliose among us In the 33'esl. rnmii "There have, however, flu farmers of the United Slides, pariiciilnriv linrit bit west of the Mississippi river, have Ives Many of them and some of Ihelr represent. it in congress are of the opinion Hint there is nlremlv too much cultivated land in the United Slides. cannot ilopart from Its firs This announced laisilion of a broad and nnuprehenslvi-rccii'.iiudlolu-r- assoi-lntio- plan. The principal rocliiiiiiitlon projects are ns fn! Arizona-t'a- l lows: Sail River, Arizona; Yuma. Colo and Ifomla ; Grand 3'nllry Milk River nn-Minidoka. anil Idaho; llolse rndo; 8un River, Montana; lamer Yellowstone, Mon Dakota; North Mat to, Nebraska ; New Rln Grande. New Mexlco-Texas- l Nevada; lunds, Umatilla, Oregon; Ktnmntli. Belle Fourebe, South Dakota; Strawberry 3'nllry l tnnn-Nor- th Oregon-Cr.llfurnl- Utah; Yakima, 33'uahlngtmi; a voluptuous beauty with a bad hreaih. Chicago is rather Of the medley of sounds in Chicago the one that lingers is the grinding of brakes on Michigan boulevard. If Chicago laid as much faith in God as it has in brakes, heaven would be overcrowded. The wheat pit is in Chicago. The wheat pit fluctuate? ; it (lucUiuie-greatl- y at times. Lately they have had to brace the walls with ?Ucl and constantly watch the levels. Chicago says that it wasn't live girders vmat 'uetuatio m that threw the building rT its base, but a of earth. Hut you ask Kansas! He even One man actually told me that Chicago was prosperous. obvious so dull stress wit. was he a to it. But Why prove quoted figures a fact? The general attitude is: Well, what do you think of Chii-agoNot that we care a d n what you think; were satisfied with it. Chicago is a sausage city, made from the mixture of many meat.--, Shoslmtm, 33'yomlug subi-ideiie- ? ground fine. Fat and muscle, flesh and blond, have gone to its making. Some are floating in rich gravy; other are fried in oil. There are two extreme Chicago?, but in between is- a lot that is ju.-- t plain hot dog.' Chicago wants to be a world port. It probably will be. If Chicago to try. I shouldn't he surprised wants to he a thing, it doesnt if some day fashions change and it is more desirable lo In- considered a South Sea island. Then Chicago will lay a pipe line to the Iacilic ocean ami build itself a rural reef. lu.-ila- te - Trouble With College Athletics: Too Much Athletics and Too Few Athletes By WALTER CAMP, in Worlds Work. The trouble with co'lege athletics is that there irtoo much athletics and too few athletes. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are spent, and the product is a few score athletes trained to the la.- -t notch. The other unnumbered thousands of college students are satisfied with the secondhand glory in the skill of our team, and for the most part do not realize their own failure to secure a slime in the general athletic benefit. After all. it is not the amount of money taken in at tiu-s- sports, it is We may have gone too far how that money is expended that counts. and but lime alone can toll bowls, stadiums, of erection the in huge meantime these structures yield the necessary funds to support nol only the major but the minor sports, and to defray the general athletic upkeep. The great problem to Iw attacked is extravagance in the expenditure of these receipts ami the almost universal tendency toward ontcring loo limned few, a? well as failure through much of the outlay upon a lark of careful scrutiny to iiiiim- iliese sums go as far a? t.n-- might in tangible results of benefit to all the men m the university. Arnonfr Us Are People Ignorant or Heedless of Fundamental Principles By JUSTICE FLOYD E. THOMPSON. Illinois Supreme Court. fundamental Among us tin re arc neop.e, igii'cani 'W heedless of lln-iconduct of force views tn upon the whole private principles, who of principles destruction ike I" ihpc.igh people and 'o push ilieir Aim-an system. 1 licse iiit.'!-erunwhich cousin me (lie very la! i c if 'if preach that lie individual lias i.n right mit t:ioo which society confers ou him ami that the innjonty may ! will the individual as n-i- pit-gra- 3 ls it pleases. To them I reply whenever a rcnlralized government, and not the citizen, is made the source ami repository of all power the Constitution of the I'nited Stale? i? scrapped. However concealed, despot ism is the invasion of right? and privileges which are inherent and inalienable and wlurh are enjoyed by the grace of God. The line of proper restraint is and nlwnys will lie undefined, but it can be said generally that when the right of a citizen lo do an act which can x i ft with the freedom of action of every otk t citizen ia prohibited, individual liberty ia invaded. co-e- |