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Show z Vol. iOf putting out fires. QUESTIONS I i ' THE No. 38 Provo City, Utah, Friday, December 20, 1889. IN PROVO WHEN Sinolaton & Johnson 3 TO BE DISCUSSED NEAR FUTURE. IN Tht Making of Fireproof Building and th Matter of Adequate Fire Escapes Are Also Interesting The liecent Fires In Lynn, Boston and Bllnneapolls. The occurrence of three such fires as that at Lynn, Boston and Minneapolis; the fact that at one time the firemen lost control and the flames threatened to weep Boston and repeat tho conflagration of 1873, and that there was appalling loss of life at Minneapolis, will doubtless lead to redoubled vigilance in the matter of fire extinguishing systems, fire escapes and fireproof buildings. At Buch times those most interested are led to inquire, MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE BCILDINO BEFORE THE FIRE. Do new conditions need new adaptations? The character of material used, the height of buildings, the exyiostire of frame districts, which, when aflame, act as kindlers to more substantial structures these and many similar matters entering into the problem of fighting fire in great cities, come up to excite a new interest. The growth of fire departments in the older cities where modern systems have been perfected has been very slow. London during the Eighteenth century was far ahead of New York in fire apparatus, but during the halcyon days of the American volunteer system, and during the early days of steam fire engines. New York shot far ahead of her old motbei across the ocean. While London had the primitive fire engines, which, it is true, were worked by people who were considered too old for any other purpose, their principal operators being old women, lines of New Yorkers were passing buckets filled with water from the North and East rivers. After relying on these for more tlian half a century, they sent to London and secured some engines such as were then in use there. These engines were the beginning of the New York fire department. Out of those who were accustomed to take them to fires grew the volunteer system, which attained its greatest perfection and prominence in the fifties. Then hand engines were superseded by steam, and since there has been a steady improvement in discipline and apparatus. establishment became the city fire department. Even to this day the insurance companies constitute one of the principal sources of income to the brigade. In London they have 53 steam fire engines and 05 hand engines. There are 32 miles of hose carried on 75 hose carts. Besides these thereare 7 steam vessels and 11 rafts. Of fire escapes there ore 146, besides 0 long wire ladders. The firemen number 591, including all ranks, 10 pilots and 67 coachmen. They liave some ingenious contrivances for saving life in London, one of the most useful of which is a canvas sliute, in which a person may come down and be received by the firemen without injury. Capt. Eyre M. Shaw is chief of the brigade. The New York department, when steam fire engines were adopted, was built entirely anew. The management was placed in the hands of commissioners, the command being given to a chief. In New York there are nearly double the number of firemen employed in London, being about 1,000 in all. The steamers number 85, and the fact that there are no hand engines, os in London, indicate that the people of the United States are far more ready to throw off the old than the jteople of England. But in New York there are 8 water towers, 83 liook and ladder trucks, 10 chemical fire engines, 130 chemical extinguishers, with 85 miles of hose and 54 hose tenders. Charles O. Shay is chief. This force and apparatus protect the abodes and the goods of less tlian 2,000,000 of people, while the London fire brigade is supposed to protect a city of some 4,500,000. It will appear that the New York apparatus is more modern from the excess of steamers and the chemicals. Indeed, a comparison of the number of men and apparatus seems to indicate a far more effective service in New York than in London, though, jierliaps, tho buildings are more substantial in the Old World. In efficiency, doubtless, the Chicago department comes next to New York. After her great fire her citizens saw tho necessity of perfecting her fire department, and the result is today a very fine service. P h i 1 Boston, Cincinnati and other large Ame- rica n cities also now have a very perfect system. The department in Boston, in checking the career of the late great fire there, showed fine SHAW, London, eralsliip on the part of its chief and great efficiency on the part of the men. A great feature nowadays in fire fighting is the telegraph system. To know of a fire the instant it occurs, and to get to gen-CAP- it with apparatus for its extinguishment without delay, are of the utmost importance, especially in windy and dry weather. Tlie large cities now all have a fire department telegraph, with numerous signal stations. The horses are so placed that they can be harnessed in the quickest possible time, and learn, when they hear the gong which is struck by electricity, that they are going to race to a fire, and are eager to be oil. The appurtenances for use at fires have been increasing in ingenuity till there are now water tower3, telescope ladders, life saving hooks with cross pieces for climbing and tools for extinguishing in But of late years a new profusion. problem has iccn staring the firemen in the face: that is, the height of the town READY FOR TIIE FRAY. The late Capt. Ericsson bears such relation to the modern method of lighting fires as Ilarvev, the discoverer of the blood, bears to the modern practice of medicine. Ericsson was a pioneer, but he was not a practical developer of the present system. John Braithwaite and John Ericsson built a steam engine in London sixty years ago, but they had to fight a prejudice against innovation which then existed in England; besides, none of the earlier stearn fire engines were available on account of the time required for getting up steam. The difficulty was overcome when A. B. Latta, of Ciiuvnnati. introduced tubular boilers. Since then the steam fire engine has been the only method of throwing water on fires in large cities. The fire department of London is called the Metropolitan Fire brigade, and exi sts iy virtue of a parliamentary act. The chief is an autocrat during a fire: he may pull down houses, shut the water oil the mains of any district, and, if necessary, would doubtless not hesiof the city tate to blow up if he could find dynamite enough. In London everything lias grown out of The fire department some exigency. one-quart- er A TUBE FIRE ESCAPE, there is no exception to the general rule. During the first half of the Eighteenth century the insurance companies began by keeping fire engines for the purpose of protecting property on which they held insurances, and in 1733 seven offices combined under the title of the London Fire Engine establishment. Others were gradually added till all the principal offices were members, and the T. buildings such os arc lieing put up in New ' these buildings from the outside. Tl.eyCmr.F SHAY, NEW YORK are usually considered fire proof, hut many of them are not, and there is enough combustible material in any of them to can.-1- iio inconsiderable fire, especially ulc-they are ex:;:id beneath. This, posed to one be:-with general contaken in com.i-ciioihii'.-l- i as have flagrations, swept Portland, Boston and Chicago, becomes an important subject for speculation. A1 ready in Chicago there is a district composed almost exclusively of these tower They ure exposed to the buildings. west by other, bricks, and then a forest of frames. Let a great fire occur among them. How cun the firemen work at so great an elevation? And what is true of Chicago will hpcoine so of all other large A mere. an cities. ; ! i Built l Nll. A railroad is a railroad, isn't it? The public thinks so. But under the surface, railroads are sometimes built to sell. For instance, there is a piece of road I recently saw that is laid with rails of thirty jKJunds to the yard 105,600 xmuds of iron to the mile of trade. Now, a local street car company will put seventy-eigh- t pound steel rails down 274,560 pounds to the mile, or 187 tons and 560 pounds. A great many truntr lines are Laying ninety-si- x pound steel rails 337,920 jxiunds, or 169 tons and 1,920 pounds to the mile. At $30 a ton to iron the first would cost 81,090 a mile, the last $5,070. So it will be seen how railroads aro buijt to sell. But this is not all the saving. Sometimes it is cheaper to build two miles of track around a hill than half a mile straight through; and the miles count in selling, esiwciully western roads. Then, I have seen rails spiked at quarters and centers, or, at most, half the ties skipped. There is also a difference tietween eight inch clear white oak tic's without sup, sixteen inches between centers, and culled'' or soft wood ties two feet apart. In short, it takes a man a long ti.ne l.i learn the difference that can be made in the expense of constructing a railroad. Interview in t. St. Louis Globe-Democra- SOLDIERS VV. JOHNSON. MONUMENT. Bars and Beautiful Structure to Be Completed in 1801. The soldiers and sailors monument, soon to be erected in Cleveland, O., will be one of the most imposing memorial structures in the country. The monument will be erected in the public square, where it can be seen for miles on all approaches. It will be surrounded by a lawn studded with beautiful patterned flower beds, representing the Grand Army and Loyal Legion badges, flanked with the different corps badges of the army. The lower esplanade will have, bordering the terrace, a row of low posts in the form of the muzzle ends of cannon sticking out of the ground, on the top of which will be A -- MANUFACTURES AND DEALERS IN & Clothing ' Gents Furnishings & of all sorts have just opened up with a Choice Stock, IN - - - - XJtatL. to furHaving Purchased for Cash we are prepared nish the Best and most Fashionable Goods at the lowest possible figure. Call and examine our stock and get a perfect fit and save money. Singleton Sc Johnson. , CALL AND EXAMINE- - STOCK and PRICES -- OF- c. s. rasMUsseN. Manufacturer, and Importer of and dealer in Harness and Saddlery And all Sorts of Horse and Mule Jewelry Satisfaction Guaranteed. THE West End Store Carries a full Line of Choice THE CLEVELAND MONUMENT, flaming cannon balls connected by a massive chain. Leading from the lower to the upper esplanade, at the four corners of the monument, will be quarter circle steps, each flight twenty-eigfeet wide at the base. Here the monument proper begins. Tlie shaft will be of black granite, twelve feet square at the base. The column, including the capital, pedestal and surmounting figure of Columbia, will he 125 feet in height. The shaft will be built up of sections or layers five feet deep, with a gradual taper to the top. At every other Xedding joint of tlie courses will be ar Nsive band of cast i Ue inscribed the bronze, most prominenr the war. The als will cast bronze, tlie capital four sides of wtIicIi, below the volutes, will he detailed, to represent tlie four branches of the service. In the lower pedestal or base of tlie column, where it passes up through tlie building, will be eight large panels of marble, representht on-wh- ing the Emancipation and other striking incidents of the war. Encircling the column will be the relic room, forty feet square and twenty feet high. Tho doors of the vestibules will he of bronze, with rich panels. Tlie floor will bo laid in patterns of colored marble with military emblems. The walls are to have a wainscoting of endo-Iithi- c marble, in which the inscribed names of the dead soldiers of Cuyahoga county, numbering between eight and ten thousand, will be placed. The ceiling will le of light colored marble, with molded ribs and plain panels. The roof is to he of massive slabs of stone, and in the whole structure there will not be one square inch of perishable materiaL On each side of the monument, or relic building, will heabold, massive pedestal 7x19 and ten feet high, surmounted by groups of bronzu statuary representing the four principal branches of the serv- GROCERIES, DRY GOODS, HaLTctwaTG Queensware, ALL CLARKE Co. BOOTS AND SHOES, HATS, CAPS, NOTIONS, Etc Come and Examine I I OUR LARGE STOCK OF GOODS. Courteous Treatment and Low Prices. HARRIS, Proprietor. JOS.jSji. Zr Center Street, - - Provo City, Utah. - Garden City Real Estale Agency. Street, Half BTk South of Roberts House Utah. provo City, We invite visiting strangers and others to call and examine the list of City and Suburban property which Are offer at Special Bargains for the next 30 DAYS. Visitors cheerfully supplied with all available information respecting this City and ounty free. AIX-sX- j- THE' DMnsur'tixi Sl, LIVE STOCK ASSOCIATION. ice. York, Chicago and other large cities. No fi re ap- paralus has jet been devised for reaching ALBSBT B1NGLXTON. CLEVELAND The infantry will le represented by Tlie Color Guard" of nine figures, depicting a scene witnessed upon many a hutili'Mel when a regiment lias had the l.iller experience of unsuccessfully charging an enemy's works too strong to lx carried h,v direct assault. The artillery will Is represented by The Defense of tlie l:st Guii, a full squad, with officer commanding (six figures) and all engaged i:i a desperate hand to hand struggle. The cavalry group of six figures will have a color sergeant still astride his fallen horse valiantly defending his flag in a fierce encounter. The navy will l.uve u group of. six sailors in the t of loading u mortar. The bronze figures are from 7 feet G inches to 8 feet in height. TI:m architect and sculptor, Mr. Levi T. field, has erected many public buildings and monuments throughout the couuiry. The sculptors assisting him are George T. Brewster, George Wagner and August Godis. 1 a-- The limiiren of Germany. V CD b M & c H u Q 8 & iH U 1- -5 (n' 3 CLEVELAND STAR, Imported by Martin and Drake, importers sncl Breeders ofFe)' SUFFOLK PUNCH. ENGLISH and SHETLAND PONIES, And CLEVELAND BAY HORSES ' ! and Holestien Cattle. Short-hor-n AUGUSTA VICTORIA. 'Here is a picture, from a recent photograph, of Augusta Victoria; empress of Germany. She is, t will be seen, a woman of truly regal presence. -- Stock For Sale at All Times on Reasonable Terms.- - PROVO CITY y ttta |
