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Show double-dealiprosperity. Trickery and may win for a season; mallee may hamper and falsehood may cripple for Just a little while, but the right shall triumph; the eternal and unchangeable laws of equity and Justice will ultimately prevail, and the wrong must and will- - retreat before the advance of the truth, which Is God and of God, and la therefore able to defy all of the powers of darkness and the malignity of the Prince of Evil himself. children grow Into reliable and dependable citizens, and there la no occupation that pays such large dividends as instructing th young In all that belongs to good government and the conduct of the affalrt of a prosperous people. How many young men who will join in the memorial services of the present year could give a clear, concise and comprehensive account of the conditions and causes that Jed to the war of the rebellion, or the status of the country at the time Immediately before the war broke out? How many young men who cast their first ballot at the last election can tell Just what they voted for, and why they voted? How many can tell what is the Monroe Doctrine, or how it applies to the present state of public affairs? The tariff Is a mystery unsolvable by the average citizen. He knows that there la something In It about duties and taxes, but any attempt to fix Its actual points In his mind results in total failure. The single-ta- x theory Is beyond him, tax for revenue only Is a poser, and all talk about unearned Increment Is as sounding brass and tinkling cymbal. No man should b permitted to cast a vote until he Is what are able to state understanding the foundation principles of the government under which he lives, and which confers upon him that great privilege. To this end the children must be educated and made to understand what government means, and what are its gifts and demands. Memorial Day Is a great day for this purpose. Assemblies of the best citizens should be the order of the afternoon, and here should be found the very best and ablest speakers and thinkers In the land. Instruction should be made attractive and the exercises Interesting. If this were added to the work of Decoration Day the generation next following this would have a much more comprehensive Idea of what the day really means. Mr. Iona Suggested the Day. In the spring of 1868 General Logan and I were Invited to visit the battle grounds of the South with a party of friends. As certain Important matters kept him from Joining the party, however, I went alone, and the trip proved a fiiost interesting and Impressive one. The South had been desolated by the war. Everywhere signs of privation and devastation were constantly presenting themselves to us. The graves of the soldiers, however, seemed as far as possible the objects of the greatest care and attention. One graveyard that struck me as being especially pathetic was In Richmond. The graves were new, and just before our visit there had been a Memorial Day observance, and upon each grave there had been placed a small Confederate flag and wreaths of beautiful flowers. The scene seemed most Impressive to me, and when I returned to Washington I spoke of It to the general and said I wished there could be a concerted action of this kind all over the North for the decoration of the graves of our own soldiers. The general thought it a capital Idea, and with enthusiasm set out to secure its adoption. At that time he was commander-ln-chie- f of the Grand Army. The next sent for Adjutant General Chip-mahe day and they conferred as to the best means of beginning a general observance. On the fifth day of May in that year the historic order was put out. General Logan often spoke of tne issuing of this order as the proudest act of his life. It was marvellous how popular the idea became at once. The papers all ng Well-tgain- SUMTERS j (HI i iML OLD FLAG. IDDEN away la the vault of a safe deposit company la a memento of that struggle of thirty odd which ago years no wearer of blue or gray "look upon without peculiar emotions. Just now, when the remnant of the host that donned the blue nearly Tour decades back is preparing to pay Its yearly tribute to Its dead throughout the length and breadth of the land, this memento a flag so worn and ragged Is of strange Interest Its history is the history of the war. This flag flew high in the air over the battlements of Fort Sumter on that iventful morning of April 12, 1861, when the newly organized Confederate forces began the bombardment which started the greatest conflict of modern times. There were two garrison flags In the tort; one was the line weather flag and the other the stormy weather flag. Like the chaos In mens hearts the elements threatened on that historic day, go the storm flag was run up and In short time became the target of the Confederate shot. Before that It was not a fine flag, being made of coarse meshed, strong bunting, tough enough to withstand the lashing of the winds of the coast. Ten feet one way and fifteen the other It stood out like a board and moro than one wild shot, aimed by the Inexperienced gunners on shore, went so high over the fort that big gaps were torn In the flutering emblem. Mrs. Elizabeth Anderson, widow of Brevet Major General Anderion, commander of Fort Sumter, now owns the flag, and she treasures It so carefully that It is rarely removed from the strong box In the safe deposit vaults. The ravages of time have had little effect upon Its color. The red, white and blue arc almt as bright today as years ago, and they were thirty-si- x sere it not for the rips and tears It would make a gallant appearance today flying In the bright sunlight times during the first day of the bombardment the flagstaff was struck, but by a strange series of the flag continued to fly at the peak. After one of these accidents MaGod Al jor Anderson exclaimed: mighty nailed that flag to the staff and could not lower It if I tried. This particular accident happened In this way. Outside the bar marking the could but they also knew Anderson, and felt that he would hang on to the last gasp. Every little while Major Anderson gave orders to dip the flag to the fleet to show that everything was all right During one of these salutes, and when the flag was being hoisted back Into place after the third dip, a shell burst near the staff, cutting the halliard. The flag started to come down with a run, but a piece of the cut rope got Jammed In a section of the shivered staff and the flag was morn secure than ever. It was this that caused Major Anderson to utter the historic words above referred to. After the evacuation of Sumter Major Anderson Journeyed to New York, where he made the usual garrison ln- Jtr-- . - nts a. " FLAG OF FORT SUMTER, entrance to the harbor were several Federal vessels. This fleet could not Inter the harbor without being sunk by the cannon of the land batteries, and til It could do was to anchor out of tango and observe the bombardment It Is needless to say with what anxiety the men on these ships watched the flag flying over Sumter. They knew &at sooner or later It must come down. - -- f -- y A. cfy C r LEES FAREWELL. voice to the War Department, Including the famous flag and the fair weather flag In the returns. The Secretary of War promptly ordered the return of the flags to the major, accompanying them with a letter In which he said that they could not be In better keeping than In the hands of the man who so gallantly defended them. Major Anderson had the flags placed In the vaults of the Metropolitan Bank In New York, and there they remained until It was evident that General Sherman would wring Fort Sumter from the dying grasp of the Confederacy. The flag was again sent South, and on the day the Confederates surrendered the fort It was again hoisted to the peak of the flag pole by Major Anderson himself. This happened on April 14, 1865, exactly four years to the day from the evacuation. A salute of 100 guns was fired at the fort In honor of the flag, and the guns of the surrounding batteries and ships Joined In the uproar. After that the old flag was returned to the bank vaults, not to be seen again until death called Us owner. Then It was used as a pall at the soldiers funeral at West Point, and with each succeeding generation Its unique historical value will inrrtase. Memorial Day. as Memorial Day Is one likely to be observed for many years to come, that a certain portion of It be set apart for the Instruction of the children and young people of the country in the purest principles of patriotism. In every church, school house and assembly room In the land the children ought to he gathered together and Instructed In the vital principles of truth. Integrity, slncerelty and all righteousness, which alone can furnish foundation on which to build a permanent and perpeual national It the - f y - !- Is suggested cd Soils sad Fertiliser In the early part of the present cen- IT IS NOT NICOTINE. tury, when the rich valleys and the hillsides of the country were first being PROFESSOR MALLET CORRECTS cleared off and cultivated by the sturdy CIGARETTE CRITICS was woodmen who occupied them, It MISTAKES. never thought necessary to consider the subject of manures or fertilizers of any kind. All the farmers of those days had to do was to sow the seed, cultivate the crops occasionally to keep down the weeds, and when harvest time came harvest a heavy crop. There was, as they thought If they thought at all an Inexhaustible supply of plant food In the soil, and perhaps they, would have laughed to scorn the idea that it was possible to Impoverish the soil and bring It to a state where It could not produce a crop. But all this has passed or Is passing away. The farming class all over the land Is becoming awakened to the fact that their soil will not produce the crop It ones did. Some, perhaps, know the reason of this, but the large majority does not, and of those who do only a small per cent understand how they may bring the soil back or approach the original fertility. The regular routine has been going along for years, and It Is hard to get out of the ruts. Chemists have analyzed the soil, and they find that some plants take more of a given element than others. For Instance, If a field has been growing wheat for a number of years. It will be found that the crop la becoming less and less every year, and soon the crop will not pay for the seed and labor. It Is evident that something must be done to enrich the soil, and In bringing up a soil the following points must be carefully considered: L A careful and extensive tillage. 2. A carefully arranged rotation ol crops. 3. A Judicious application of plant food. The three Important adjuncts Just mentioned go hand In hand, and each deserves special attention. Every farmer realizes that it is absolutely necessary to give his soil a thorough cultivation; without this the land would be cloddy and lumpy, and such would prevent the easy passage of air and war ter, not to mention the disadvantage! such a condition presents In regard tc the movement of the plant roots In their search for food In the soil. In selecting the rotation every farmei should see that either clover or peas It Included. These crops have a peculiar faculty of drawing nitrogen from the air, and hence there la a great saving to the farmer In the purchase of fertilizers. Nitrogen, as sold on the market, costs about 14 or 15 cents a pound, whereas when furnished by clover or peas It costs practically nothing. The nitrogen being furnished by the growth of the legumes mentioned. It remains only for the farmer to add phosphoric acid and potash. Acid phosphate and bone-meare both good sources ol phosphoric acid, while muriate of potash furnishes potash. The proper plan should be to fertilize the clover or peas, so as to get a larger crop, and then when the entire crop Is turned under. It will furnish plenty of organic matter and plant food for the succeeding crop. In connection with this It has been method of found that an application of lime about every five years Is of great advantage to the soiL Lime sweetens a sour soil, makes a heavy soli lighter, and greatly Improves the physical condition of the land. There Is nothing complicated about feeding plants, and every farmer should find out the needs of his own soli and govern himself accordingly. G. W. B. al green-manuri- ng Comaannloatlun In the FelentMe inert w" on n Matter of Popular Mlaap prehension Stained llsndkerehlef Teat la No Teat At AIL J. W. Mallet, professor of chemistry In the University of Virginia, In a com- munication to the current number of the Scientific American, says with reference to cigarettes of American manufacture: Ignorance of easily ascertainable scientific facts Is, however, common enough, as Is often Illustrated by the brown, oily material formed In the smoking of tobacco being pointed out as nicotine, though in reality this la merely the tar produced by the action of heat on the woody fiber of the leaf. Nicotine when pure Is a colorless fluid of somewhat oily consistence and strong, peculiar, penetrating odor, but It darkens on exposure to sir and light, becoming first yellow, and then brown, so that It looks, in this darkened condition, something like the tarry matter which soils a smokers lingers or a handkerchief through which tobacco smoke Is exhaled, or is often noticed as deposited In the stem of a pipe, j This tarry deposit has nothing essential In common with nicotine, and pontalns hut traces of this alkaloid, hen any at all. A part, but only a small part (about In the experiments of Melzens), of the real nicotine of tobacco, is volatilized without decomposition; the remainder is burned and destroyed in the process of smoking. The simple facts are, that such cigarettes as I have examined, representing a large part of those in general use throughout the United States, are tobacco pads from pure, bf the high grade produced on certain special soils, prominently In certain of the southern counties of Virginia .and the adjacent portion of North Carolina, with wrappers of the best quality of harmless vegetable fiber paper, and are Entirely free from the adulterants which It has been asserted are present (with no evidence in favor of such assertion, and In absolute contradiction of the scientific evidence actually avails 1 a one-seven- th light-yello- w izblel Loaallnoae. Loneliness there are times when wt all have to go into It; there are chambers In the soul where no foot can fall, no dearest friend can corns. There are circumstances that reveal to us this loneliness and Intensify our sense of 1L Who will show us any good at such times? There Is nobody, there Is nothing, that promises any hope. Life Is a thing empty and forsaken, with no hand that can lead us, no voice that can speak to us, no light that can break through the haunting gloom. Thors Is but one answer to that cry of ths heart: Lord, lift Thon up ths light of Thy Rev. Mark countenance upon nil Guy Ps&rse. One of the great troubles that railroad companies have had to contend with In the past with both the old style and the new M. C. B. couplers was the falling of drawheads on ths tracks, resulting many times In disastrous wrecks. A year or two ago the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad adopted a device to prevent Just such occurrences, and has since attached It to all its passenger equipment The device is quits simple, consisting merely of a right-anglsteel hook, which is placed immediately beneath the coupwith a horizontal ler on the draw-heaarm projecting slightly at an angle to the direction of the track. When ths draw-hea- d falls ths safety hooks not only assist In jamming the draw-heatogether but absolutely prevent their swaying from side to side, and thus becoming disengaged. The steel hook is placed in such a position that it cannot bs jammed or broken off In ths coupling of cars. In actual practlcs this device has proved exceedingly satisfactory, and has not failed In a single instance. ed Early Befrlgeratlon. The most ancient method of making Holes are Ice Is practiced In India. made In the ground, dry straw is put at the bottom of these, and on It, at the close of the day, are placed pans of water, which are left until the next morning, when the Ice that Is found within the pans Is collected. This industry Is carried on only In the districts where the ground Is dry and will readily absorb the vapor given off from the water In the pans. The freezing, of course, Is due to the great amount Ono Inch of rain falling upon ono square of heat absorbed by the vapor In pass- mile Is equivalent to 17.500,000 gallons of ing from Its liquid to Its gaseous form. water. Another process was practiced In the Mr Wliilnrl Haothlag Hjvwp days of ancient Rome, when the hrAIUmtMl!lijaflMitkpBi.nlMa laSa to had have said their are atiua. wealthy allaji pain, saraa wind aaUa. U aaata a bottlewines cooled by having the bottles Prof.Hamy says the black nice embraces placed In water Into which saltpeter 180,000,000 Individuals. was thrown, the bottles being the while rotated. Dr. Cullen, In 1755, discovEducate Tour Uoweli With Caacareta. ered that the evaporation of water Cathartte, cure eonatlpatlon forever randy IX G U lUo.SSo. falLdrugglata refund money could be facilitated by the removal of the pressure of the atmosphere, and Alexandria possesses the largest artifl- that by doing this water could be al harbor in ths world. frozen. Nairn, in 1777, discovered, that Dent Tofteeee SgR ana Smoke Your Life Awe To quit tobacco cattily and forever, be sulphuric acid would absorb the full of life, nerve and vigor, take vapor of water If placed In a second actio,the that make weak mas from that vessel separate containing atrong. AU druggists, tec. or II. Cure guaranAddreaa and Booklet nample free. the water, but connected with It This teed. Kemedy Co., Chicago or New York. Sterling 1810 In use to by condiscovery he put The steamehip Britannia has crossed ths structing an appartus for absorbing the 0 MRS. GEN. LOGAN, vapor of the water that It was desired Atlantic 500 times, having traveled over the land copied the order, and the to cool or freeze. This apparatus miles in her 84 years service. The observance was a general one. greatly facilitated the freezing operaWe win forfeit 81,000 if any of our pubmemorial ceremony that took place at tions of a vacuum freezing machine lished testimonials are proven to bo not Arlington that year was perfectly InWarren, Ps. genuln, Tia spiring to all the old soldiers. General Flowers are an antidote to weariGrant, Generals Sherman and Sheridan, ness, and give pleasure both to the You cant temper a criticism of your and many of those who have since pas- owners and to Che passers-by- . g enough to keep It partners sed away attended the first solemn ob'from hurting. A womanly woman neither worships servance of the day. Mrs. John A. To Cara ConaM patina Foreran aor hates a man. n, d, ds . . - OL wonder-worke- r, 1,300,-00- Po 0, whist-playin- Take Caacareta Candy Cnthnrtla lOo or Me If G GG fells to oure, druggists refund money |