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Show r J OF MANILA. HEROES MEN WHO AIDED IN DEWEY THE FIGHT. b( Orutnt Fighter Bow tba Inilda of. Djmr of tba Dowcjr. mt Thom All Km Xnl iMdmj Balt: tool Iai4 to Tba magnificent victory won by Commodore Dewey over tba Spanish fleet at Manila will go down aa one of the Quickest and most daring achievements In the naval history, not only of the United States, but of the entire world. That he dared navigate the harbor in the dead of night, know Ing it was mined, so as to be in a position as soon as day broke to attack the enemy, was an exhibition of pluck that has amased the world. Ills success In annihilating the Spanish fleet has been recognized by the United States government by a resolution of congratulation, and he will also be promoted to rear admiral. From navy officers In all parts of the world his achievement has called forth words of admiration. While much has already been written about Commodore Dewey we must not overlook the gallant commanders who so nobly stood by their ships in the battle of Manila, and upon each of whom a share of the honor of the great victory must be given. Of Commodore Dewey much can be written. His christening of fire was aboard the old steam sloop Mississippi, under Farragut, in the early days' of the civil war. Commodore Dewey is now about 61 years old. He belongs In Vermont, and he was appointed to the Naval Academy from that state In September, 1854. Four years later, when he was graduated, he was sent was no chance to hold her, and her crew took to their boats and landed on the opposite aide of the river, after setting her on fire. Soon, lightened by the lose of the crew and by the fire, she drifted off, and, blazing and saluting with bursting shells, she drifted down the river, until finally the fire reached her magazine, and her career was ended In one great explosion. Dewey was next attached to the steam gunboat Agawan, of the North Atlantic blockading squadron, and he took part in the two attacks made on Fort Flaher in December, 1864, and January, 1865. In March, 1865, he got r, his commission as on served such the as and famous old Kearsarge and on me Colorado, the flagship of the European squadron, until 1868, when he was sent for service to the Naval academy. He was commissioned commodore on Feblieutenant-commande- ruary 28, 1896. Of the captains serving under Commodore Dewey, Charles V. Grldley, of the flagship Olympia, was born In Indiana, but was appointed a cadet from Michigan on September 26, 1860. He remained in the Naval academy until 1863, when he was made an ensign and attached to the steamship Oneida of the West Gulf squadron, from 1863 to 1865. He was on board his ship in the battle of Mobile bay, on August 5, 1864. At the close of the war, having served in a number of engagements, he was attached to the steam sloop Brooklyn, of the Brazilian squadron, and later was on board the Kearsarge. He was promoted to lieutenant on February 21, 1867, and to one year later, and assigned to the Michigan and afterward to the Monongahela. He was executive officer of the flagship Trenton of the European squadron, and was made lieutenant-com- mander mond and the Morgan. He then serv ed on the Elk, and later on the Stock rfni, and subsequently did shore duti at the bureau of navigation. He was made commander In the regular navy on March 12, 1868. While commanding the Osslppee, going from the Mexican coast to the north, an incident happened which showed his bravery and the regard he had for his men. A sailor, in adjusting a sail, accidentally slipped and fell .overboard. Captain Dyer, who was on deck and saw the sailor fall, immediately Jumped In and saved the man from drowning and from the sharks He has done duty at and has been the Boston navy-yarassigned respectively to the Pointer, the New Hampshire, the Wabash and the Tennessee. He has been lighthouse inspector, and was in command of the Marlon, of the Asiatic squadron, in 1867 and again in 1890. Captain Joseph B. Coghlan, of the cruiser Raleigh, was born In Kentucky, but was appointed to the Naval academy from Illinois on September 2, 1863. His first sea duty was on the Sacramento In special service. He was made master, and afterward, on May 10, 1866, was promoted to lieutenant, and was executive officer of the Pawnee. He was then transferred to the Guer-rleand made lieutenant-commandon March 12, 1868. He sorved on the Richmond and then on the Ironclad Saugus, of the North Atlantic squadron, and later on the Monongahela and the Indiana. He was promoted to commander In February, 1882. Captain Asa Walker, of the cruiser Concord, Is a native of New Hampshire, and entered the Naval academy on November 27, 1862, graduating four years later. He was first assigned to the North Atlantic squadron, and made ensign in 1868, and afterward did ordnance duty In the Portsmouth navy d, re er aboard the steam frigate Wabash, for a cruise In the Mediterranean. Dewey got his commission as lieutenant on April 19, 1861, eight days after Fort Sumter was fired upon, and he was Immediately assigned to Join the Mississippi and do duty with the West Gulf squadron. He was on the Mists THE VICTORIOUS ASIATIC SQUAD RON. sissippi when she took part with other vessels in forcing an entrance to the Mississippi river, and March 10, 1882. He yard. Remaining there a short time, again when the fleet ran the gauntlet commander on was time for a assigned to the torpedo he went aboard the Jamestown, where of fire from the forts below New Orto the Boston navy-yar- d. he served until 187L He has served also and station leans, In April, 1862, and forced the made commander of the on the Essex, the practice ship Dale, was lie The he of surrender that city. ship was In belonged to Captain Bailey's Jamestown in 1884, and was Inspector of the Trenton of the Asiatic squadron, division of the fleet which attacked lighthouses at Buffalo, N. Y., when as- and on two different occasions has signed to the Asiatic squadron. Fort St Philip. been assigned to duty at the Naval Captain N. Mayo Dyer, of the cruis- academy. The hottest fight that the Mississippi er Baltimore, has had a diversified caCaptain E. P. Wood, of the dispatch ever engaged In was her last one, and reer, and has fought his way up to a boat Hugh McCulloch, Is from Ohio, attendthis was perhaps as hot aa any of the captaincy, without ever having and entered the Naval academy on No In man the a ed fleet naval war. In March, 1863, the academy. tried to run by the Confederate batteries at navy has a better record for bravery September 23, 1863, graduating In 1867. Port Hudson. Some of the ships got and daring than the gallant captain He was then assigned to the Minnesota on special service and made as far as a narrow part of the chan- of the Baltimore. He entered the volIn 1871 he was promoted to unteer navy at the outbreak of the nel, where they met land batteries allieutenant and placed aboard the Conservmaster's and a most muzzlo to muzzle, and then they civil war as mate, were forced to retreat The Missis- ed In the engagements of the West Gulf gress, then on special service. He did sippi did not get as far as this. A squadron. For gallant and meritorious duty on the Portsmouth, also on apofoggy day bad been chosen for the at- conduct he was promoted to acting dal service. From 1881 to 1884 he was tempt, and this was soon made more ensign on May IS, 1863, and later to assigned to duty at the Naval academy, obscure by the smoke of battle, and ensign and assigned to the Glasgow. and then served on the Monongahela amid this the Mississippi lost her bear- Afterward he was made master and on special service. He was with the ings and ran ashore. Her officers placed In command of the Randolph, In North Atlantic squadron in 1890, and found she had struck Just under the 1864, which operated lu Mobile bay. waa promoted to commander in that guns of a battery In the middle of the His vessel was sunk by a torpedo on year. line of fortifications, and one of the April 1, 1865. After the surrender he Captain Frank Wildes, of the Boa strongest of the lot In half an hour was promoted to acting volunteer lieu- ton, comes from Massachusetts. lie 50 shots struck the vessel and she tenant and put In command of two of Is a graduate of Annepolls and served was riddled from end to end. There the surrendered ships, the Black Dia- - with gallantry through the war. Far-ragu- At-slgn- . RAILWAY CASUALTIES AND OTHER COUNTRIES COMPARED. AMERICA U ConThe Effect of Smell The section with Acddeule Brltnln In Greet Kstnber of Fntnlltlee Cereleeeneu the Fault of Americana. -, Grodo-Cronal- Franklin B. Locke contributes an article to the May Century on Railway Crossings in Europe and America," the paper being fully illustrated: With the casualties, that are property classified as due to grade crossings are generally included accidents to trespassers that is, persons who attempt to cross or walk at grade upon the lines between the prescribed crossings. This class of accidents forms a large factor In the sum total of deaths and injuries, and great care Is taken by the foreign companies to protect the d public In this particular. Fully of all the accidents to persons on the English roads belong to this one-thir- BEWICK AND AUDUBON. with WUUljNaturalist Varying Fields. The naturalist's mind is, above all things, receptive; open to impressions, not creative; a sensitive plate which records if it can, and If it cannot, receives the Impressions for Its own satisfaction and enjoyment. We believe that the very best record extani tf this receptiveness and of the Iu; ,vssions which such minds rcelve frou. naiure, and of the mingled characters and relativity of these Impressions, is seen in the cuts In Bewicks two volumes on birds not so much In the plates of the birds aa In the little vignettes with which the book Is adorned, and In the tiny landscapes often Inserted behind the figures of the different species. He know the wrinkles In the bark of every sort of tree, the natural line of the splits and the cracka in dead wood and living wood, the angle that each kind of twig makes with Its pai ent branch when living, and the portions It loses when dead. Every shift of weather, the carpentry of the shed, the gate, the barn, the record of the tombstone, and the death and decay of men, animals and trees were all recorded on the sensitive plate of this northern naturalists brain. He evidently derived Intense satisfaction from his way of life. Yet his area of Interest was very limited. This mattered very little to one who made such use pt It. But though change and variety are In time greatly desired, and the new sights give keener pleasure than the old, for In natural history as In other things the appetite grows by what It feeds on. It may be doubted whether the enjoyment necessarily In- creased with the quantity of food proTided. Audubon, who had half a con tlneht to roam over, from Florida to Labrador, and from New England to the Rocky Mountains, was not more keenly happy than Bewick, whose range was limited to the moors of a corner of Northumberland, of which Audubon himself notes In his Journals that for sixteen miles he saw no object of interest" The meeting of and Audubon at Newcastle, and their reciprocal display, by the one of his paintings from the weakh of American fauna and flora, and by the other of his Inimitable engravings saturated with the spirit of rural New England, forms not the least pleasing Incident of Audubon's first visit to this country, and It would be difficult to say which thought the better of the other, the class, and while It is generally regarded that these accidents are the result pt carelessness on the part of those .who take the rlBks of entering upon the lines. It Is nevertheless noticeable that no reasonable precautions are neglected. In America, as a whole, scarcely Any provision is made for preventing this class of accidents. In the state of Massachusetts alone there are about half as many deaths from this cause as in the whole of Great Britain and Ireland; and during the last fifteen years nearly of all the fatalities upon the railways in that state have been of this class. By averaging the fatalities occurring In Great Britain and Germany, and comparing with the average for Massachusetts and Connecticut, the proportion Is about as seven to one in favor of the foreign countries. Certain classes of accidents are now almost unknown In Germany. Accidents to pedestrians at road crossings, or to passengers from crossing the tracks at stations, are hardly possible at the present time. Anyone attempting to walk upon fhe track Is sure to be stopped, and very severe penalties are Imposed for any defiance of the orders of an employe. In this oonnection a few broad comparisons are very significant. In the jcity of Buffalo, for Instance, It was reported, a few years ago, that sixty-on- e ;fatalities occurred at grade crossings iln eighteen months, being two more jthan the number reported for the whole of Germany for the previous five years. Again, in the report of the Terminal Commission to the mayor and com jmon council of Chicago, It was stated that over two hundred people lost their lives at the grade crossings in that city in 189L This is nearly as many fatalities as occurred In the whole of Great Britain and Ireland from the same cause dulng the succeeding five years. These figures seem to Indicate that these two cities afford from three to five times as many fatalities of this class as the whole of Great Britain and Ireland and Germany combined. Generally speaking, the objections to grade crossings were clearly foreseen In England, and the remedies were applied In the cities when the railways were established. In the country districts there are still a considerable number of grade crossings. They are by no means bo numerous, however, as on the continental lines. Under the regulation of railway acts, 1868 and 1871, a penalty of forty shillings Is provided for the offense of entering or being upon a railway, except for the purpose of crossing the same at some authorized crossing. It Is provided, however, that the offending party shall first have been warned by the agents of the company. This latter fact somewhat reduces the efficiency of the regulation, as it Is often difficult to give satisfactory proof of warning. The board of trade have made regulations and recommendations as to the arrangements at stations, and regarding the protection of grade crossings where they exist. Platforms are to be not less than three feet above rail level, except In rare instances. Each passenger track is to have Its separate platform, and stress is laid upon the principle that passengers should find It difficult, and always unnecessary, to descend upon the tracks. The character of gates, and the manner of operating them, are prescribed. Private road crossings are also provided with gates, and under the law of 1845 a penalty Is provided for persons who neglect to' close them after passing through, and persons using them enter upon the track at their own risk. The comparative freedom from accidents of all classes on the English roads is due to much Investigation by parliamentary commissions, many of the reports by these commissions being very suggestive and valuable. Among other tangible results of these Investigations has been a wide extension. In 1871, of the powers of the railway department of the board of trade. Since that time, and largely through the efforts of the board, there has been a marked decrease In railway casualties throughout Great Britain, as Indicated by the statistics covering these one-ha- lf UrMt Tire - I Bo-wi- ck country-lovin- Northumberland g graver or the French-Amerlc- en- painter-naturali- an st Genuine enthusiasm In their work, and that Identity of sympathy of which their love for the outdoor life and nature was a guarantee, explain the perfect understanding which aroeo between them. London Spectator. THREE QUEER CITIES. All BnUt an lalanda Connected by Many Brid (n. The city of Ghent, In Belgium, Is islands. These built (Hi twenty-si- x Islands are connected with each other by eighty bridges. The city has three hundred streets and thirty public It Is noted for being the squares. birthplace of Charles V and of John of Gaunt, whom Shakespeare called "time honored Lancaster; and as the scene of the pacification of Ghent, Nov. 8, and of several Insurrections, 1576, sieges, and executions of personages. It is associated with American history by the treaty made there December 24, 1814, terminating the second war between England and the United States, known as the war of 1812. Amsterdam, In Holland, is bull! on piles driven far below the water Into the earth. The city is Intersected by many canals, which are spanned by nearly three hundred bridges, and resembles Venice in the mingling of land and water, though It is considerably larger than that city. The canals divide the city, which Is about ten miles In circumference, into about ninety islands. The city of Venice is bult on eighty Islets, which are connected by nearly four hundred bridges. Canals serve as streets In Venice, and boats, called gondolas, for carriages. The bridges are, as a rule, very steep, rising considerably in the middle, but The circumference have easy steps. of the city is about eight miles. The Venetians Joined the Lombard league against the German emperor, and, in 1177, gained a great victory, in defense of Alexander III, over the fleet of war vessels headed by Otto, son of Frederic Barbarossa. In gratitude for this victory the Pope gave the Doge Zlanl a ring, and instituted the ceremony of "Venice marrying the Adriatic sea." In this ceremony the Doge, as the chief ruler of Venice used to be termed, with appropriate dropped a ring into the sea every year in recognition of the wealth and trade carried to Venice by the Adriatic. well-kno- world-famo- us oere-moni- es not Staling Wix. little hot sealing wax dropped on his hand has Just killed the Earl of A Clonmel, In. blood poisoning having set Born I Smyrna. Justice Brewer of the supreme court was born In Smyrna, Asia Minor, where his parents were missionaries. Lv, |
