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Show FARM GARDEN. AND TO OP INTEREST AGRICULTURISTS. MATTERS Coma A boat Hint ta Cul-tlTatl- un of tha Boll and Vlalda Thereof llortkultara. Viticulture ead floriculture. Mora About Weedets. W. C. one-hor- se ...... ....... .411.115 50.68 Corn plow 6L12 Weeder and harrow or times two the three The first with weeder the cultivated were plats harand subsequently with a The weeder does excelrow. lent work if used after every rain on land that is not too firm a composione-hor- se tion. The following discussion took place ht an Illinois Institute: Q.Whlch is the most effectve, the weeder or the where you have A. The one-hor- two-hors- e? se two-hors-e, a good deal of land. The ma- one-hor- se chine covers eight feet, the fourteen feet. For an orchard about eight feet is big enough, but if you are going to use it In corn and want to cultivate forty acres you had better have two horses. Q. Is it practicable to put it into corn? A. Yes, that is what it was made for originally, corn aad potatoes. I cultivate my strawberries with it. Q. It will dig them right out, won't It? A. No. It is too light a machine for two-hor- that se .. What will It do If the ground is baked? A. You cant use it at all then. It Is like any other machine. ' It has Its place. You cannot get a cultivator that will answer every purpose. Q. I would like to know how that can go by the side of a corn stalk and take the weeds and leave the corn? A. If you do it just right you can take even a garden rake and scratch right into your corn. The weeder teeth turn back, they do not slide in ahead like shovels, but turn back. I have used It three years. If you have pigeon grass that is well rooted you cannot take it out In order to get the benefit of that machine you have got to use It before the weeds get much of a Q. start Training Grape Vines. E. O. Lodeman, Department of Agriculture Report: Another system of post training differs radically from the one stated last week. Instead of being spurred or branched near the surface of the soil the stem is carried upward in a spiral to the top of the post, and the short arms, of which there are generally two or more, are formed at the summit The canes are cut back to the desired number of buds, and the shoots grow freely downward. This system, which is followed THE IN 1 Purdue University, Indiana: We have used a seeder four years in corn culture. Uur plan has been to use the weeder the first and second cultivations and follow with the ordinary harrow after that It has been used for olhar purposes, I believe, at this station, but this is the extent of its use in this department. I will give below the results of corn produced with different culture implements, including the weeder and harrow, that you may judge of the relative merits of the work of the weeder. The average for the past four years is as follows: Lntta, Agriculturist, Cultivator removed entirely and the other should WAR. TORPEDO that It remains about II inches in length. If oi In this manner the cane Is sufficiently long to OP DESGREATEST AGENT reach to the lowest wire when the trelUSED. TRUCTION NOW lis is made. By some, however, the cane is cut back again to two buds, as la the previous yesr. This causes the lllatory of Ita Evolution from tho Tear stem to branch near the surface of 1BS5 Up to tho Kraut la llavaua the ground, instead of at the lowest Harbor on Frl. IS Ut- - buriug tho wire. Either method may be followed Civil War. to advantage, although Blngle steins render cultivation mere easy. This MERICAN genius cane, whatever Its length, is to form has dene mure to the stem of the vine, and as there are develop the torpeto be two arms, only two of the do as an instrustrongest shoots need be retained after ment of marine the growths are sufficiently advanced A warfare than the for their comparative vigor to be seen. inventive skill of It Is better that all the other shoots Uon- y other be then removed, so that the two that the While silty. are to remain may become the strongterof this er. But If the unnecessary growths are 'y history rible death engine not removed until the following spring dates as far back no material injury will be done to ths as an When Italian engineer nam1(85, vine. ed Zambelll destroyed a bridge during tho siege of Antwerp by exploding a Artichoke. cow load of gunpowder against the That artichokes are valuable Is unit was not until the days of the pier, necessary to prove, the experience of derevolutionary war that an actual generations having fully demonstrated was mads of the efficacy monstration that fact. Like all crops, whether or of the torpedo. Since that time the pro- not it is to be cultivated depends on the incidental circumstances by which ths farmer is affected. If a man is rapidly, and from a crude contrivance consisting of nothing more than a bardevoting his entire time to or to flower growing of course he will rel, a tew pounds of gunpowder and not find artichokes profitable. But to a time fuse, the torpedo has reached the farmer who is raising hogs the arti- a stage which represents the perfection of human skill and the expendichoke may prove of great value. ture of vast sums. Once an Insignfl-can- t Artichokes need only common soil, invention, drifting at the mercy and even do well on poor soil. They now a thing will stand more neglect than moat of contrary currents. It is of of life attacking a Itself, capable crops and yet yield an annual crop. This makes them particularly valuable vessel with almost as much precision Intellito farmers that have many hogs, as though animated by human gence. much land and few hired men. In such Ths origin of the torpedo may be cases the harvesting is dons by the traced back to the days when the anbogs themselves, thus saving the excients Greek fire to destroy employed pense of labor. When they are thus the enemies. It was of their shipping out swine rooted the fed, being by the of discovery gunpowder that openthere will usually be enough tubers left in the ground to seed the whole ares ed the way for a natural development of the Idea, and quickened the Invenfor the next year. tive brain to the possibilities of the Although artichokes will grow in time of war. After Zamtorpedo poor land they do best on land that is had belll achieved renown by blowing rich, light and that has an open exthe up bridge at Antwerp, nearly two posure. The plant is very hardy gad cold of any part of will endure the the United States. Plow deep and harrow the ground. Probably it is batter to plant the seed in hills, as the plants spread rapidly. Prepare the ground as for potatoes, planting the seed in a similar manner, the hills being about three feet apart. About three bushels of seed will be required to the sere, and the manner of cutting potatoes for planting will apply to the artichokes. Small ones are often planted whole. A potato planter may be used. They DISCHARGING A TORPEDO. should be planted as early In the States Torpedo Boat Stiletto, worked. can be as land (United the spring Now in Commission.) In takes place usually Blossoming August and from that time on till the centuries passed before it was realised end of the season the tubers are In- that the effectiveness of the torpedo decreasing In else and hardening. Ths pended on the submergence of the stalks will have withered by the time charge at the time of explosion. It was Captain David Bushnell, an the frost comes and the tubers are then ready to be dug. They can be dug the American engineer in the revolutionsame as potatoes and stored the ssme ary war, who first experimented on the way, but if possible, it will be found principle of submergence. He also inadvantageous to allow the swine to vented on of the very first submarine begin operations as soon as the crop boats, by which the first attempt at is ripe. actual warfare was made. He was the As to seed there are many kinds recoriginator, in fact, of submarine minommended by the seedsmen, among the ing as it is practiced today. The first most valuable of which are the French practical trial of the submarine boat artichokes. was made in 1776, when Sergeant Ezra Lee directed the craft against the British frigate Eagle while she lay in Ut Stork In tho United States. Ths government report on ths New York harbor. The attack was amount of live stock in the country not successful in destroying the frigate Jan. 1 makes the hogs 39,750,009, a de- but the narrow escape from destruccrease of 840,000; the milch cows, tion sent cold chills down the back of a decrease for the year of Lord Howe, who used the vessel as his the oxen and other cattle, 29,264,-00- flag ship. In the year following Capa deereaae of 1,244,000, and the tain Bushnell turned his attention to He filled a number of kegs sheep, 27,356,000, an Increase of torpedoea with gunpowder and time fuses, and The hog supply Is the smallest since then set them adrift in New York 1881, when there were 36,227,603 reharbor with the hope one of them ported, and 7,000.000 less than the yearwould lodge against the sides of the ly average for the sixteen years since frigate Cerberus. a British warship that then. Not only that, but the number was anchored In the harbor. One of of hogs reported Is 1,715,000 head less these kegs floated alongside a prize than the average for twenty-thre- e schooner which was tied to the stern years previous to this year. The numThe sailors saw It, of the Ceberus. ber of cattle is 9,000,000 less than six of its deadly character, Ignorant and, years ago. Ths number of cattle, hogs, took it aboard for examination. It exand sheep reported by the government ploded, and there was not enough left of the schooner to hold up a drowning man. Twenty years later Robert Fulton, the noted inventor, revived the ideas of Captain Bushnell. He constructed a submarine boat called the Nautilus, and tried to sell It to the French navy. He showed the French the merits of the boat in August. 1801, by destroying a launch in the harbor of Brest, the first case on record of a vessel being blown up by a submerged charge of gunpowder. For some reason the French did not care to buy the Nautilus, and Fulton then offered her to the British government, with the expectation that he would be allowed to operate her against the French fleet He gave a successful at Boulogne. demonstration on a brig which he purchased for experimental purposes, but ths British government rejected his The Small Farm. Given two farmers proposals as unsulted to the Interests with equal mental and physical attain- and dignity of a nation that enjoyed ments, and with capital proportioned to full sovereignty over the seas. Fulton the' acres each cultivates, the man with returned to the United States and tried a small farm will get more comfort and to from his own counrecognition gain satisfaction from his work and quit Commmdore Rogers of the Amas much net profit as the one with tho try. a show of opposuch erican made navy larger farm. Ex. sition that he finally abandoned his be cut back, so in some parts of western Michigan, really should be included in the third class, but as it is commonly known as a variety of the post system it is here con- sidered with the others. Leaving these simple systems. In which the method of training presents Ao complicated features, a much more complex group will be considered. The shoots are still trained upward, hut their position is, theoretically, determined with almost mathematical precision. The Horizontal Arm Spur, or Fuller, System This system presents the above features in a particularly formal manner, and when the details of this method are carefully mastered the other methods present no special difficulties. It is not so fully discussed on account of its wide use (for, as a matter of fact, the horizontal arm spur system Is little in favor among but rather because it offers an opportunity to show In an almost ideal manner most of the points which arise In connection with nearly all the other systems In this as well as in the other two groups. Its principal merit, therefore, lies in its value for illustrative purposes. When a grapevine is first set in a vineyard it may be one or two years old, the former being preferable in the majority of cases. The cane is cut back to two buds, and during the first season its shoots are allowed to lie prone upon the surface of the solL Assuming that all the pruning Is done a short time before the arrival of the growing season, at the beginning vine of the second year the newly-se- t will have a wellestablished root system and two canes of varying length. The weaker of these canes should now be vine-yardlst- s) bee-keepi- ng n 100,-84- 1; 0, 838,-00- 0. experiments In sumarlne mining and turned bis attention to steam navigation. It is a remarkable fact that Fulton planned a system of torpedo warfare upon which very little Improvement has been made today. He devised four classes of torpedoes buoyant mines anchored in the channel to be defended and exploded by contact with the hull of an enemy's vessel; line torpedoes, to be set adrift and fouled by the cables of a hostile fleet at anchor; harpoon torpedoes, to be discharged from a gun and fired by clock work after being attached to a vessels side, and block ship torpedoes, to be carried on long sj ars pr.J;Ct'.ng from a boats bow and exploded by contact. All these devices except the harpoon torpedo are included in the modern system. Colonel Samuel Colt, inventor of the revolver that bears his name, was the next American genius to take up the study of torpedoes, and the first to Introduce electricity as an lgntlng agent for the explosive charge. After years of experiment he blew up a brig under full sail in the Potomac river, April 13, 1843. It was a wonderful demonstration for those days, and has never been equaled since Colonel Colt operated his electrical battery at Alexandria, five miles away from the spot where the brig was destroyed, a feat which the government engineers at Wlllets Point have yet to undertake with the same succcess. The secret believed to relate to a method of making a vessel telegraph her own position died with him. When the civil war broke out American inventors were given an opportunity to demonstrate on a grand scale the important part which the torpedo can be made to play in maritime warfare. During the last two years of the war the federal government lost seven Ironclads, thirteen wooden war vessels and seven army transports, and had eight more vessels seriously injured. The confederates lost four vessels by their own torpedoes and the Albemarle, a fine new ironclad which had proved a terror to United States vessels. The destruction of the Albemarle was accomplished by one of the most daring exhibitions of bravery ever recorded In history, and served to place the name of Lieut. William B. Cushing in the long list of the world's heroes. Cushing was only 21 years old. Cushing asked for permission to stroy de- the Albemarle while she was tied to the wharf at Plymouth in the Roanoke River. The permission was granted, and on the night of Oct 27, 1864, with a crew of thirteen officers and men, he steamed up the river In a little launch. A long spar projected from the bow of the launch, at the end of which was a torpedo. A string, one end of which was tied to the trigger of the torpedo and the other of which was In the hand of Cushing, afforded the means of exploding the charge. At full speed the launch dashed at the ironclad, and when within twenty yards It was discovered that a cordon of floating logs surrounded the ship as a protection against such an attack. The little launch darted out into the middle of the river, Cushing gave orders to put on all steam, and then he turned her once more toward the enThe speed was so great that emy. when the launch struck the log she slid over. A volley of musketry saluted the daring crew as Cushing pulled the string, and then a mighty column of water shot up in the air. A few minutes later and the Albemarle was on the bottom of the river. So was the launch. CuBhlng swam down the river and escaped, and the rest of his crew was captured. W. H. M. 0 OKB ENJOYO Both the method ana results when Syrup of Figs is taken; it is pleasant and refreshing to the taste, and acts gently yet promptly on the Kidneys, Liver and Bowels, cleanses the system effectually, dispels colds, headaches and fevers and cures habitual oonstipation. Syrup of Figs is the only remedy of its kind ever produced, pleasing to the taste ana acceptable to the stomach, prompt in its action and truly beneficial m its effects, prepared only from the most healthy and agreeable substances, its many excellent qualities commend it to all and have made it the most popular remedy known. Syrup of Figs is for sale in 60 oent bottles by all leading druggists. Any reliable druggist vho may not have it on hand will procure It promptly for any one who wishes to try Do not accept any substitute. CALIFORNIA Ft0 STROP CO. it 8AM KAMQ18O0, CAL mmuiE. n. new tome, nr. POLES hAnS Um tortwree of tha tiaincd I with protruding piles brought on by constipation with which I was afflicted for twenty yenra. I ran across your CASCARETS in tbs town of Nswsll. Ia., and nevsr found anything I am entirely free from to equal than. To-dptlas and feel Ilka a new man." a H. Kbits, 1411 Jones 81, Sioux City, Is. ay CANDY CATHARTIC ip J. LmcM 1 fWAOi HMK KSSmCMO up Pleasant. 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