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Show TURQU3ISE MININQ. FARM Wray Talualtls llmla I (ring Worked la Mi-xIi- Ix-fo- linii-ilre- d lu IS! ft. fJTSI.IMNl In 1S!H. GARDEN. Kw llMlro Turquoise lg found In Persia, SaxThe Saxony ony nml New product la of nu Inferior grade, sen-la found in red an nils) one nml la ho sitive Hint most of It U ruined oil Hie Injililiiry'a wheel, lnietinilly nil of the turquoise of the world 1i:ih been tnkeii from the inlueH of rendu and New Mexico. The Mcxirnn imme for this Ktoiie la chnlehuitl. uud how lung the mines of New Mexico were operated prior to the Spanish conquest la a mere mailer of Hpeeulalhii. That the work was extensively carried on In a dozen different locations la attested ly the linphoiieiita unearthed In recent years which were used by the Indians the advantage of steel or Iron tools were known to them Near ('erlllus, lu the southern jmi rt of Santa Fe county, then Is a Mectloii of luountuiiious country over two acres In extent, every foot of which lias lseii worked over lit search of turiiiiolse. Here It was that the llg (.'halehuitl mine eavml upon its workmen and buried alive half a hundred mil Ives who were worked in slavery by Spaiiish masters. It was tliis Incident that caused the revolution of 3!K1, when the Ssiulsh were driven out of the territory and forml to remain away for u period of sixteen years. Striving to obliterate all memory of their Imteful shivery, the natives lllliil up every mine In the territory, destroyed churches and even whole towns lu their endeavors to wIh out the work of their oppressors. This was the largest turquoise mine In New Mexico In the old days, and so it is at the preseiit time. Out of some sixty or seventy turquoise claims In New Mexico, about a dozen miues nre in operation. The total output of turquoise lu the territory was $1 .SUN hi lu 1S!)1, fl7r.Nin In 1MU, flMO.INN) AND S.Ts,-oo- o tssfi and f)77i.nnii in lsiHi. These tigures arc taken from official sources, hut no doubt greatly underestimate the tme value of turquoise mined slnee 1N5K). Why this is so will from the following Incident: apH-a- r Last year the owners of the largest turquoise udne in the territory put lu a valuation of their property amounting to $10. The county commissioners, knowlug that the mine had lieen In constant niiemthui, consldeml the valuation absurdly low and set alsmt an investigation which result ml In raising the valuation from $Sa) to $2ri.tNMi, niton which the owners chwrfiilly l 11 the levy. This same mine sold 111 1KSK1 for $2.'Hi,(N)0, and, according to the statement of a former owner, has paid a million and a half a year since that time. In INtKi one stone was taken out that sold for $C.om. Tills stoue Is now owned hy a New York Jewelry house that also controls four of the brat mines In the territory. Iteccut dlsraverlcs have been made, demonstrating the existence of valuable turquoise deposits, notably In the Burro mountains near Silver Pity, s alsmt the llachitns. nml In the ns far south as I ns Cruces. As lx fore statist, the oldest nml best known mines are located In the southern purt of Santa Fo county, near the town of (Vrlllos. Most of the claims being worked In tills section are the mines of slavery days, old (Uled-uthough several have lieen opened of late on virgin ground. The greatest secrecy Is maintained, lmth ns to the loention of mines and the metlusl of working them. No one Is allowed tu Imqicct a turquoise mine, and employes nre warned against giving any information concerning operation upon imln of I in nuil late discharge. Some time since Governor Thornton, who is very foml of turquoise, asked permission to Inspect one of the miues at Cerillos. lie was refused. Most of the New Mexican turquoise goes to New York, very little lielng cut In the territory. The average Mexican l.rsi a day: turquoise miner gets The larger Americans pt mines work only seven to ten men each, and In good rock this force can tnke out from eight to ten thousand dollars dally. This was the ncord of one of the mines near Los Cerillos for a month nml a half last year, theu the imy strenk petered out and then was three months of dead work. There Is undoubtedly a grant future for turquoise milling In New Mexico, but those now engaged In this Industry knowing that they have a good thing, try to create the Impression that the mines now In niierntion are lielng con ducted nt a loss. This causes them to maintain the strictest secrecy in everything relating to the business. They will not allow photographs to be made, or consent to allow any one to Inspect the mines; neither will they give any Information concerning the subject in general. Thera nre not half a dozen Nople ill New Mexico who have ever seen turquoise mined, outside of those engaged In Hie work. In MATTERS OP INTEREST AGRICULTURISTS. ton. TO Uinta About Pulliam uud 1lald. Tlieraof Horticulture, Viticulture uud i'lurt-ultura- b ta tloa of tho Soil HERE are six dlf- erent ways to sow timothy and clover seed. S o me are suited to Iowa conditions and some are not, and in all cases conditions of soil govern here, as else wht re, writes E. E. Dennett in Waverly (la.) Republican. One way la to bow on the wild prairie soil, it was once a favorite expression of a well known writer on agricultural topics, and especially that of seeding to grass, that he would like to prosecute any man tor plowing wild prairie sod that he wished to get Into tame grata. The reason given was that a better aod and a better stand can be obtained by throwing the seed on the sod, pasturing pretty close and so run out the wild grasses with the tame to the desired extent, lor some of the wild grasses are advantageous and should remain, especially for pasture purposes. Of late years we have had drouths that made this method of no effect In this locality. The timothy killed out, the clover run out, there was nothing left rn closely cropped land that was desirable. On rough land that oan not be plowed this method should till be tried, for It la the only recourse li auch a case. The second method - io bow after spring grain la put In, .following the seeding of the grain by owing the grass seed and leaving it to be covered by the wlnda and ralna, or following the sowing on the surface by a brush harrow. That la the method we learned further eaat and the one that la suited to heavy clay aolla, but It la unaulted to our loose, black, mellow soil, as, except In showery weather, the ground will dry out below the seed and It will not grow, and If it does come up It Is liable to be killed afterwards by drying below the grass roots while still young and short. This, then, la an unsafe method for Iowa, for failure to secure a stand aurely follows when the season is dry. The third way la to sow It early In the spring, on land seeded to wheat or rye the previous fall. Sow In March on "the last snow of the 60800" if you i- can, and let the alternate thawings and freezings of the soil work it down Into the cracks and cover 1L Delng la cracks. It will be moistened with every movement of soil moisture and germinate. There may be springs so destitute of moisture that thin la not a perfect method. No other way can beat It when the conditions are Just right. There la probably a time every spring when this method will be a perfect success If the seeding la done exactly at tbat time, but It may come .r. the night and hy morning the weather be ao that seeding cun not be done and If delayed it may be a failure. The fourth way is to mix the grass seed with the other grain and sow both together, putting It in all at the same time and at the same depth. This Is for spring seeding. In loose soli such as Is common to loaa this Is safer than to seed after the grain la sown and subsequently covering the grass seed lightly. If It is not mixed with the grain, but sown after the grain seeder aud cultivated lu deep with the grain the effect la the same aa to sow both together. One or the other modification of this same method la by far the preferred way whea a aland la to be secured and the ground also sown to a spring crop of grain. Seed with the grain or immediately after, and cover the whole in the same way. The fifth way is to sow the grass on ground in fall wheat or rye aud to harrow the ground afterwards. This Is the way to do if the season is loo far advanced for depending upon the action of frosts to cover the glass seed. Sow the grass as early lu the spring as the ground is dry enough to work well, und follow with a harrow and cover It well. It may seem us If this were rather hard for the rye or wheat sown the previous fall, but try It and see how the fail aowu grain will thrive with this kind of grief. The sixth way is to sow the grass alone In the spring. This has been tried at the Wisconsin station, and by some good farmers, and excellent results reported. Other farmers cout the idea. They say that the weeds will take the ground and that there will be no grass. Doth aides have hold of the same truth. If the ground la foul, as most pieces of land are, then sowing alone will be followed by sadness of heart and bitterness of feeling towards those who advised It. On the whole, this cannot be recommended for the average farmer. If you are way ahead of your neighbors and enough better than the average, then try It at your own risk. If you are of common clay and only a few atepa beyond common folks, then It will doubtless be safer and more satisfactory to sow on ground already in fall grain, sow early, harrowing it In If the ground la dry enough or sow It with spring grain and cover the same aa the grain la covered. Wa have all learned how to cover grain in the spring In such a way that It will make a catch." The thing to learn now la that the same practice will insure a catch with timothy and clover; bat there la a later possibility of ita being killed In midsummer if there la a heavy crop of oats and It la very hot and dry when the oats are cut On this account it la safer to sow on fall grain, as that is cut earlier. There are plenty of farmers who follow this method an:!1 have never failed of securing a good stand, even In our drouthleat seasons. Averaging Iowa experience ahowa tha: we should bow on fall grain very early in the spring, or sow with spring grain and cultivate It in aa deep as the grain la covered. Faatcurislug Bilik. Sterlized milk la comparatively Indigestible. The pasteurising proces-- a voids this trouble, nay a exchange. No: only that, but It kills most forma o. Soma astonishing figuret-havbacteria. been obtained from bacteriological testa In this country aud abroad bowing that the number of germ to four was decreased from flftha by the pasteurizing process. Pasteurizing Is at present used mainly In the milk trade In this country and only In a few Instances, but In Denof the mark, more than creameries pasteurize their cream before making butter, and nearly all oi the butter that scored the highest at the Danish butter exhibition was from pasteurized cream. Pasteurizing is s form of heating and treating milk and cream that can be applied to lai&e quantities at small expense by mean: of the improved outfits for this pur-- i pose now on the market one-ha- lf four-fift- I i ! hs Fail Too Much Corn. i Visiting a poultry farm lately, says Maine Farmer, a number of hens were seen squatting on the ground, unable to walk. Naturally the owner asked: What la the cause of the trouble?" In seeking a solution, the question of feed was raised, and the man stated 1 feed on corn, because it Is frankly: so handy to use and ao cheap In the Here waa the cause of all market. hia troubles. He waa feeding a grain not adapted to bone and muscle building, and the little body could not stand the strain. Rational feeding would save from these annoyances. Keep an account with the hena, and you will think more of them, for you will realize how much they are' doing for you. Jar-lllu- 1 -- p them. pound of mutton can be produced ae cheaply aa con a pound of beef on the average steer, and it will sell for ae many cents. If tha cattle grower can fatten hia steer with some profit, I believe the flock owner can do as well with the sheep, and have In hia favor the advantage of one or more fleeces, while bringing hia animal to maturity. But It cannot ba done with scrub animals, no matter how fashionable their breeding, how high sounding their pedigrees. It can only be done with sheep growing the moat desirable fleeces on well developed and rapidly maturing carcasses. And this la true of the entire flock; they must all be good. The history of those lean and valueless anlmala of ancient Egypt that devoured their well fattened contemporaries, la not the only Instance of disaster attending the mingling of worthless and superior stock. Tha same thing has been repeated In Merino flocks, so far aa profits are concerned, ever since sheep husbandry has been pursued with a view to profit If Merino husbandry la to progress and become aa permanently profitable aa any other well conducted business, the work of eliminating inferior anlmala cannot too soon begin. Let them go into market Just aa soon aa they can be put Into reasonably fair condition. They may not make very good mutton, but they are better for that than anything else. They are to progressive husbandry of the future what the stage coach of our boyhood days would be to the transportation demands of the present time. They may have had a and hereplace In the past, but after they are but clogs upon the wheels of progress, and must be cast aside. It has frequently been urged that there are not many farmers who might not make a small flock of sheep profitable. This, I believe, to be true; and as the fact becomes more generally recognized, the tendency will be to Increase both the number of flocks and the number of sheep throughout the country. Heretofore when sheep husbandry has been referred to, our mlnda have usually reverted to those partially settled localities where fiocka are made There will be leaa up of thousand reason for this eagh year, aa the logic of events la certain to diminish tha extent of ranges, and popularize a mailer flocks among farmers. In thla transition the Merino la destined to be an Important factor. It offers an unrivalled base for crosses by. larger bodied types, where such a No other course la found desirable. breed la ao cosmopolitan. It will thrive where any other breed will get a living, and will live under privations No where few others could exist other sheep will ao certainly and ao rapidly improve the fleeces of breeds with which they may be crossed; and under suitable conditions, auch crosses will In no wIbs detract from the merit! of carcass. With thla hasty survey of the situation. It may be concluded that a progressive Merino aheep husbandry la the only one that la likely to survive against the pressure of low prices and increasing competition. The flock owner, who la not ready and determined to take a long stride in advance of the standards and policies which obtained In the past, la already out of the race, and the sooner he cornea to realize the fact the better. The procession of men who are to achieve success la now moving, and those who feel themselves unable to keep step with the quickening march are to be left by the The system that will hereafter succeed will necessarily leave behind some of the men, many of the animals and many of the practices of the past. A. M. Garland. to-d- ay way-sid- e. Treatment of Frosted Combs. When a bird becomes frosted on the romb (frozen comb), the remedy is to keep It in some place where the wind cannot reach it. says Farm and Fireb side. Fanciers protect such breeds as Leghorns by placing choice specimens in a barrel at night, having a block of wood in a barrel for a roost. The first thing to do is to swab the Injured comb with glycerine. Tbo next day the comb should be anointed with an ointment composed of equal parts of lchthyol and lanoline, which should be repeated every day. Healing Is a slow process, and only relief from pain can be afforded, as the comb may lough off entirely. It la an advantage to keep a fowl which haa been frosted and healed, as it will be leBs liable to be Injured the succeeding winter. tail-com- MINING NOTES. The famous llassiek mine ense tins lieen Anally decided by the Culted States Supreme Court in favor of Mr. Hasslck. who Is n warded the entire projierty. Unless a stockholders suit case now be brought, which Is probably tlie case. It la a tinnl settlement. Cripple Creek Is said to have 2.V. shipping prtqicrtira within n radius of three mile from Klktou. The railroads nml mills are crowded with ora. New mills are under way ut Florence and are talked of all over the country, and It looks as If there would lie mill for them all. Complnlrt continues regarding the scarcity of skilled miners at Idaho Springs and other raiiqm in the Clear Crack valley. The older miners of the camp, who know tlie country thor ougtily, are dlAtcult to hold on account of the many favorable opportunities offered them for leasing, and It Is exceedingly difficult to get men to replace FnxtM of tolMtloa Kcciwry. On the properly developed sheep, a A Calf. By proper csre d and management the calf raised by hand will develop Just as rapidly as If It had run with the cow, and It Is very certain that It will cost much less. Do not let it run with the cow at all Feel at the start with new milk only, and feed often; never let it over-loa- d Its stomach. Ex. Hand-Raise- A better method of getting apples to the people In the cities Is needed. While apples were selling at ten cents a bushel on the farm last fall, they were retailing in the Chicago groceriea for 80 cents or mors a bushel "7 . I CANT QUITE MAKE OUT THAT WORD. - Copy ri. iM. rkU Bj Leo D Well.-- - IUaatrali4 America W. D. Hoard says that the progress of dairy knowledge among the farmers Is so slow that sometimes It seems like trying to fertilize a million acres of land with fha breadth of a heifer. |