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Show Use of Western Feeds jj.x.cL..... j p Vtah A( icullural Oregon Short Line Demonjlrcttion Train Lecture College. ' (Continued from Last Week.) In feeding the dairy cow, we have rniite a different proposition, as the dairy animal has no layer of fat like the beef animal to keep her warm. For this reason, good barns should be supplied whatever dairy cows are to be kept. A dairy animal docs more work than practically any other animal ani-mal on the farm and one -cannot afford af-ford to have her food going to produce pro-duce heat to keep her warm under adverse conditions. A good, warm comfortable stable should be supplied. sup-plied. The dairy cow is a factory which uses a large amount of rough feed, works it over, and gives milk, the concentrated product. If then, the animal is supplied with good raw products, a large amount of milk can be manufactured. Straw and poor hay cannot make enough energy to much more than keep up the body heat of the animal, and of course there would be no excess from which to make milk. Dairy cows should have a liberal allowance al-lowance of good alfalfa, and should be fed in connection some grain and roots. Ground barley, bran, or rolled oats can be used to supply the grain. The bran is a protein feed and does not balance the alfalfa nearly as well as the barley, yet it is liked by the cows and is generally a part of every dairy ration. It has been found, however, that not more than three pounds can be fed per day with alfalfa with any degree of profit. The dairymen at Richmond found ;hat they could bring in corn and feed it with bran and alfalfa, to a profit. Carloads are purchased every year and good results seem to be obtained ob-tained where the cost is not over $1.20 per hundred. If some roots, such as mangels, could be added to :he dairy ration, it would help materially, mater-ially, as succulents of this kind are needed by the dairy cows. Keep the dairy cow comfortable, give her all that she can eat of good feed, and if she Is the right kind of animal, she will return you a very good profit for your trouble. In the raising of horses in the west, we lose sight quite often of the fact that colts if allowed to run down and get in poor shape never make big horses. Size sells on tne market and every hundred pounds over fourteen hundred is generally worth about $25. At $25 a hundred, horse flesh can be produced by the farmer at a great profit. Feed the colts well, giving - the draft youngsters some grain, such as oats or bran during the winter and supplying them good pasture or range during the summer. If this is done, you might just as well be selling 1,G00 and 1,700 pound horses at four years old instead of marketing the 1,400 pound kind. In feeding your work horses, too much alfalfa is generply fed, for it is very platable, and the horses learn to gorge themselves on it. About one and a fourth pounds of hay and three-fourths to one pound of grain for every hundred pounds live weight of your horse will be practically all that is needed. In some sections alfalfa is not liked as a horse feed, yet in practically all experiments ex-periments it has been proven superior, supe-rior, pound for pound, to timothy, when fed' to work horses. Oats is the ideal grain for horses, but bran can be fed to advantage, and where bran is cheaper than oats, one-half of the grain ration can be supplied sup-plied by this. Feed most of your hay at night, so that the bulky food will be digested before the horse goes to work. Give some hay in the mornings and but very little at noon. Feeding lambs is going to be a profitable business in the west, and alfalfa hay makes a very good rough-, age for them. Along with this, wheat, oats or barley make very profitable feeds. In experiments conducted at the "Utah Experiment Station, lambs made the most profitable gains when half-rations of grain were given, that is, only about half as much " grain is fed as the feeds of the east would use. With lambs weighing sixty pounds, about a third of a pound of grain a day seems to give very good rc-u'.ts. One advantage in sheep .feeding is that the plains do not have to be ground, and the animals need but very little housing. The hog business is one which the west is taking up to great extent and one which is going to yield big profits to most of the farmers. Feeding is the biggest proposition with hoge, as the housing does not cost very much. Keep the pigs growing by feeding such grains as ground barley or wheat or shorts. These fed with skim-milk, alfalfa and some roots will produce pork at a very low price and will allow the farmer a very nice profit on his investment. Pork can be produced at from 3 to 5 cents a pound, and if the selling price is as it has been, 6 to 7 cents, you see that very good returns are secured. Do not let the young pigs stop growing, as the stunting for a little while of the young animals is going to make the cost, of future gains very much greater. The advantages to be gained then for the western farmer from the feeding feed-ing of practically all of his crops upon his own land are many. As a rule, advanced prices are secured over what the market men will give, and this, too, right at your own door, for the hauling of grain and hay to the railroad is a big proposition as compared com-pared with the marketing of livestock. live-stock. Another thins not thought of by the western farmer is that some day his lands are going to run out to a certain extent if sume kind of husbandry hus-bandry is not practiced. If, however, nearly everything produced is fed on the farm, and the fertility in this way practically all returned to the soil, the farms can be just as good when handed down to the children as they are now. 'There is more fertility sold from the farms many times in hay and -grain than the price of the crop would bring back. Watch this carefully and see to it that product are marketed from your farm in a concentrated form, leaving the fertility fer-tility to help you grow new crops. Another advantage of the livestock business is that it equalizes the work to a great extent on the average farm. For. in the winter, when the crops do not worry one. we have the ;ivestock to take care of, and in the summer when the work of the crops is rushinghe livestocK takes but little lit-tle attention. As a rule, the man who is busy is the man who is making money, and if he can furnish labor all the year around will be able to reap a larger profit from the investment. Chart I. Composition of feeds. o ffir? 5-r 5-r : c! 2. K n r1 b : Feed ; : "Sc.: ' s H : : & : Alfalfa . 91.9 WZ 4uM .9 Timothy . ... 86.8 2.8 42.4 1.3 Wild hay ... 84.7 4.2 42.0 1 3 Corn fodder . 57.8 2.5 34.6 1.2 Oat straw , . 90. S 1.3 39.5 0.8 Wheat straw 90.4 f' 0.8 35.2 0.4 Wheat .... 89.5 8.8 67.5 1.5 Bran 88.5 12.1 37.1 2.8 Shorts SS.S 13.0 45.7 4.5 Corn 89.4 7.8 66.8 4.3 Barley .... 89.2 8.4 65.3 1.6 Oats 89.6 8.8 49.2 4.3 Sugar beets . 13.5 1.3 9.8 0.1 Mangels ... 9.1 1.0 5.5 0.2 Carrots . ... 11.4 0.8 7.7 0.3 Milk 12.8 3.4 4.9 3.7 Skim-milk ... 9.4 2.9 5.3 0.3 Wbey 6.2 j 0.6 1 5.0 0.2 Chart II. Feeds th?. when used together make a balanced ration. Protein Carbohydrate Feeds Feeds Alfalfa with Corn Barley Eran ' Timothy Wild hay Shorts " Corn Barley Alfalfa " Oats Alfalfa " ' Corn fodder Brain Chart 111. Rations for Dairy Cows. Alfalfa hay, all that the cows will eat. Grain, 1 lb. to every six pounds of milk. Alfalfa, 30 lbs. Bran and Barley 5 lbs. , Aalfalfa 20 lbs. Corn fodder 10 lbs. - Bran and Oats 5 lbs. Alfalfa 25 lbs. Mangels 25 lbs. Bran and Barley, or Bran and Oats 5 'bs. Chart IV. Rations for Horses. H4 lbs. hay, to 1 lb. grain to every 100 lbs. live weight of horse and driving team l,000.-to 1,1.00 lbs. Alfalfa or timothy 13 lbs. Oats or oats and bran 10 lbs. Farm team, 1,200 to 1,400 lbs. Alfalfa or timothy 15 lbs. Oats or oats and bran or Oats and barley 12 lbs. Draft team, 1,400 lbs. up. Alfalfa or timothy 20 lbs. to 24 lbs Grain 12 lbs. to 20 lbs. Feed most of the hay at right, some in morning, and but little It noon. Chart V. Rations for Fattening Cattle. Alfalfa 25 lbs. Barley and bran 3 to 5 lls. Wrild hay 25 lbs. Chopped wheat 3 to 5 lbs. Rations for Fattening Lambs. Alfalfa 2 to 4 lbs. Barley 0.2 to 1 lb. Wild hay 2 to 4 lbs. Oats or wheat 0.2 to 1 lb. |