Show l JERU JERUSALEM ALEM Because of the baneful sirocco winds from the Sahara and a lingering f fever ver which attacked us as much as 88 thousands in J Jaffa we concluded to go up Jo what the Jews ws call The citadel or stronghold ld of Zion HISTORY OF JERUSALEM W We e first read of it as Salem Balem Gen xiv 18 the city of then as J Jebus the city of the J Jebus- Jebus ites ites Joshua 28 in whose hands the were obliged to leave the stronghold of Mount Zion themselves inhabiting only the lower part of the King David captured the citadel which henceforth took the name of the City of David Jerusalem then became the centre of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah both in civil and re- re religious religious matters David placed the ark in Mount Zion Solomon built s a ar ar r r S temple on Moriah and trans trans- transferred transferred the ark thither God promised to defend the city as long as it should remain true to Him From Solomon on under many of the kings gross groBS idolatry usurped the place of the worship of to this the sacred historians attribute attribute bute buoo th the fall faU of the city Under king of Egypt who be besieged be- be besieged besieged the city commenced a long series of disasters woes and sufferings Great nations like the Arabians Syrians Assy Assy- Assyrians Assyrians rians dans Egyptians Philis Philis- Philistines Philistines Philistines tines etc ravaged it and despoiled the Temple of its treasures kiah Heze-kiah Heze- Heze Hezekiah Hezekiah kiah fortified and beautified it again Bad and ad drew rew the waters of Gihon Gib on into it His son was taken captive by bythe bythe bythe the Assyrians J was after after- afterwards afterwards afterwards wards taken to Egypt Later N ebu- ebu pillaged it three times The Temple and palaces were burned down the walls levelled to the ground and King Zedekiah and andall andall andall all the people left there for many had been already taken carried captive to Babylon This was BC After the 70 years captivity the temple was slowly rebuilt In B C Alexander the Great took the city and conferred benefits upon it Some rears years Inter later Ptolemy Soter King of Egypt besieged it on the Sabbath when the people in their f fend d- d thc thc-m themselves v and w went into Cp- Cp cap cap- captivity In B C an insurrection under the led to a resto- resto restoration restoration ration In 63 B C the Romans under Pompey captured it and aud made it tributary to Rome Borne Cras- Cras Crassus Crassus Crassus sus again plundered the Temple In InA InA IiA A D 70 occurred the 81 siege ge and an complete destruction of the Hoi City accompanied by scenes of unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled paralleled horror and suffering The Temple ground was plowed and a tem temple le to Jupiter erected ii its stead by the Romans mans Subsequently Subsequently Julian gave the Jews permission permission mission to rebuild the bu bui Temple Tempio i l l t T r 11 A they could not Balls of fire history says came ou out t of the earth and repelled the workmen In they came in great numbers bers with the King of Persia massacred the Christians an p down the churches In 68 Khalif Oman took the city and i became a Moslem sacred city el el or the Holy and in instead stead of the Jewish and temples s the Mosque of Omar was built up In 1076 the Turks cap cap- captured it In 1097 a host under Godfrey de Bullion formed a crusade Richard England Phillippe Au- Au Augustus Augustus Au Augustus gustus of France Jean de Brienne Frederick II of Germany etc ob- ob obtained ob obtained the city in 1229 In 1239 1289 it fen fell into the hands of the MO Moslems lems then a tribe of Tart ors Irs took it It never enjoyed long peace War after war desolated it In 1800 Na Na- Napoleon Napoleon Napoleon Bona Bonaparte parts planned a siege Riege against it but gave up the idea In 1825 the Turks bombarded it In 1831 it submitted to- to to the Pasha of Egypt Now the Turks have it again Thus Jerusalem was utterly cast down and in beholding MODERN JERUSALEM we see no longer as David an and Solo Solo- Solomon Solomon Solomon mon chanted Jerusalem is build ed build build- ed as a city that is compact together Peace be within thy walls and prosperity walk about Zi Zion n and go round about her tell the powers thereof Mark ye well her bul bul- bulwarks bulwarks bulwarks consider her palaces that ye may tell the generations follow follow- ing following Solomons Solomon's s Songs Bongs vi 4 For these were all an gone at atan atan atan an early date These ran around only a portion of the we western tern wall walland and three great towers to shelter the Roman Boman soldiers but all the city Zion Akka and the Temple was distinguishable left a mass of scarcely distinguish distinguish- able ruins and we take up the touch touch- touching ing voices of prophecy which like a along long through h the ages have i I mourned for Zion This is the bur bur- burden den of the Lamentations 1 i 1 8 6 How 8 thatis How doth the city cily sit solitary that is full of people How is she be become be- be become become come a widow she widow she that was great among the nations and princes among the provinces how is she become tributary She sore in the night and her tears are on her er cheeks She dwell dwell- dwell eth eth among the nations she no rest From Prom the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed ZiOn forth her hands andI and I there is none to comfort her This is Fri Friday ay the day of the week in which above all the forego forego- foregoing forego in ing lamentation can be appreciated We went out to the western wall of the Temple enclosure The slabs s composing a portion of the lower l I tiers are great blocks of lime stone J I 3 The wall wan is one of a very few well identified sites of the city This piece of real estate was bought from j the Sultan by Sir Moses for several millions Thousands ot of devout Israelites wail wan and lament for the departed glory of this holy shrine The sight of men and women children and aged priests mourning and lamenting unto the God of Is- Is Israel Israel Is Israel rael is touching in the extreme Here a little group will dolefully chant in litany j Reader Because Reader Because of the Palace P l ce which is 4 deserted deserted- People deserted People We We sit alone and weep f Reader Because Because of the Temple which IS g destroyed Because of the walls which are broken j do dowa Because of our greatness which is de- de departed departed de parted Because of the precious stones of the Temple ground to powder 1 Because of our priests which have erred and gone one astray Because of 01 o our kings king kings kings- who have hare con con- contemned contemned s f God People We We sit Alone alone lon and weep Further on another choir sings while standers by groan and weep Ii Beader Reader We Beader We beseech thee have mercy on i Zion I People And People And gather rather together the children sue sue- of Jerusalem Reader Make Reader Make speed make speed 0 de- de deliverer de deliverer of Zion t Speak People People Speak after atter the heart hearl of Jerusa Jemsa- Jerusalem Jerusalem Jerusa- lem Let Reader Let Zion be girded with majesty and with beauty Show Peo People le Sh Shw Show w favor fay or unto Jerusalem Let Beader-Let Reader Let Header Let Zion find again her kings People Comfort People those who mourn over Jerusalem Reader Let Beader Let peace and joy oy return to Jeru Jeru- Jerusalem Jerusalem salem People r People t et the branch of Jerusalem pu forth and bud We stand with our hearts as x the Arabs say cooking over with with- within withy within within 7 y in us sorry almost that we dont don't understand enough Hebrew to join in THE HEALTH OF JERUSALEM a Speaking of the healthfulness of Jerusalem as a place of permanent residence the late Sir Moses Monte Monte- Monte Monte-flore flore in the narration of his tour 1876 says A gentleman of au- au authority au authority told me that the refuse refute of the Y city is now carried into the pool of Bethesda close to the barracks and the soldiers now now livi living ng there appear appear ap- ap pear to experience no inconvenience from its vicinity AU All t the doctors In i n J Jerusalem assured me that the city might be reckoned among the healthiest places in ill the world The mean temperature from 1874 to 1881 was according to Dr Chap Chap- Chaplain Chaplain lain Cooks Cook's Cook s handbook R Jan Fahr July Fahr 7 8 Aug Feb eb t 47 9 March Aug Sept March Sept 71 o Oct Aril April May Oct Nov r Hay May Nov 99 Dec June JUIle 28 Dec 61 For cur Gur part w know that from the time we came up here our health began steadily to Improve Hundreds of the wealthy come up into this bracing ng climate during the summer months The most prevalent diseases are those of the eye ye Sore eyes and h are attributed to two t causes here First the glaring limestone of which the whole coun- coun country country try is composed and second the lack of vegetation The hills are quite barren and the few olive trees I JL L I are more of an ashen color than green especially during the eight or nine months of dry season when they are covered with dust It is presumed r the rea readier reader er understands that the human eye is greatly e eased sed by being allowed to see green grass and trees THE JEWS number about i in n the city people Copts Greeks MosIe eme ems Armenians and Europeans complete the souls who form the population n of Jerusalem The Jews here are divided into two sec sec- sections sections sec sections The from Spain Portugal and Turkey in Europe etc and the chiefly from Russia Poland A Austria and Northern Europe The Jews in Jerusalem are mainly su supported by charity Jews everywhere having sent contributions to their poor brethren of the Holy Land Many until late years were drawn hither by idle and worthless notions Some however came here in all an ages as a pious act and among devout Jews a burial at Jerusalem is looked upon as the real reat desideratum MISSIONS COLONIZATION ETC There are several institutions al already already ready in efficient working order for forthe forthe forthe the Jews Jews in is the Jerusalem Jerusalem the House of Industry Girls s Work School London Jews Society l f Mission to the Jews In 1820 a mission of en- en enquiry enquiry en enquiry for promoting Christianity among the J Jews ewe was established here Its church is on Mount Zion Another society called the Krish ona Krish ona of Basle sends out artisans and tradesmen a kind of lay Jay mis- mis mission mission mil sion sion which seeks to propagate Christianity through th these se men whose calling gives them ready ac- ac access ac access cess to all classes of Jews It has several branches in Palestine with headquarters here The Rothschild Hospital founded n 1855 has done much much good here Sir Moses Monteflores s mission has been to assist the Jews not by indiscriminate charity but by giving giving giving ing them means and scope for labor laborIn In January 1875 eing then in the year of his age he r resigned his position as president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and a tes- tes testimonial testimonial to him having been re- re resolved resolved re resolved solved upon he suggested that it might take the form of a scheme for Improving the condition of the Jews in Pal Palestine tine and of Jerusalem in particular About only was raised The sum anticipated was The reason for the smallness of the sum obtained was a rumor went abroad that the scheme was only to continue idle Jews in idleness Montefiore at tie the age of 92 went to Jerusalem with Dr Lowe or L Loewe we to investigate the real condition of the Jewish community He con COIl considered con considered the people were eager and physically able to work that work that they have only lacked opportunity and that they were more industrious than many in Europe otherwise none of them would remain alive He proposed colleges public schools houses with plots of ground for cul- cul cultivation cul cultivation I Proceedings have been instituted land many colonies now I LC 1 i flourish as described in a former article It is to the young that this will be a special boon r as s 8 the old oM to people have habits too rooted deep-rooted to face at once the radical changes proposed propose proposed The express object of the Montefiore testimonial fund as well as as that of the Alliance Israelite the encouragement of of agriculture and other mechanical Palestine employments among the Jews of Palestine ne and the gathering of poor Jews These societies and others are backed up by millions of money The family of the have loaned loaners money to the Sultan and hold Palestine as security The societies hold many concessions from the Porte leases Porte leases of 99 years and though 99 years seem but a few it appears by financial schemes the turns of politics s 's and the Jews who come by every steamer and to stay that in much less than that time some national movement will begin among the Jews great changes changes take place and Turkey will wUI never redeem its pledge The Jews have honeycombed the finances of the Porte as it is but what may they not accomplish in a few years hence at this rate Although the Jews are not all that is desirable whatever whatever what- what whatever ever they put their hands to in this land seems to prosper The Son of man mall said with great pathos O 0 Jerusalem J Jerusalem eru lem Thou Thou rhou that the prophets and soonest them which are sent unto thee how often would I have gathered gathered gath- gath gathered ered thy children together as a hen gather gathel eth her chickens under her wing but ye would not Behold your house is left unto you deso deso- desolate desolate desolate late The abomination of desolation has has soon filled up the days of its time The darkness has been deep the days of oppression Lave been sore Surely the Lord will soften k His heart as His children confess Because of our priests who have gone gone astray because e of our kings s who have contemned God we sit and weep We might well join theother the other uther choir wh who sing today Com Com- Comfort Comfort Comfort fort those who mourn over Jerusalem Jerusalem Jerusa- Jerusa lem let the branch of Jerusalem put forth and bud C U L JERUSALEM November 1st 1889 |