Show WINGS AND RUDDERS FINS TAIL FINLESS SWIVELS ENGINE) A HOMING ' II sf jf£f I Al" 'r'y' ?§r INERTIAL 4ci & RAMJET J Airframe is body of missile It in- eludes steering mechanism Some use wings and rudders some have only tail fins some swivel engines the same as outboard motorboats AR FUEl S-- V ZV SOLID ROCKET TURIOJET LIQUID ROCKET Guidance system tells missile which Engine is power that throws missile Radar types use reflected echoes homing types impulses from target inertial types use gyros celestial types track the stars Ramjet and turbojet engines are way to steer can't operate "air-breathe- rs" out- and engines go anywhere side atmosphere liquid-rock- et ' Solid-rock- et the things every citizen should know about the fantastic developments ©f the space age and ballistic missiles types are Short-rang- e ' V Matador take-of- - ' T - jt front-lin- e - r'-- Jupiter IRBM missiles and airplanes It also works on Newton's principle of action and reaction with one basic difit carries ference A rocket engine is both fuel and oxidizer and operates independently of the outside atmosphere A jet engine carries only fuel getting its oxidizer (oxygen from the air) in flight Instead of one opening it needs two its gets air through the front opening but blows its exhaust out the rear opening the same as a rocket The thing to remember then is that a jet engine is an "air breather" and can't operate outside the earth's atmosphere while a rocket engine can self-contain- ed How mony kinds of jet engines or there? (J y turbojet OY long-rang- e intercontinental-rang- e types replace bombers can carry thermonuclear warheads including the satellite-launch- e si f stack two three or more missiles on top ot one anotn Multi-stag- e missiles 1 I 'Ji f Two — ramjet and Intermediate- - and basic difference Army artillery weapons Text explains Snarlc 5000-mil- e guided missile A ramjet engine is aptly called a "flying stovepipe" It's practically a hollow tube with no moving parts The air enters the front end is mixed with fuel and burned and the hot gases are blown out the rear end Its advantage is simplicity its disadvantage is that it can't draw the air in but must be flown fast enough through the air so that the air is literally "rammed" into the front end A ramjet engine then needs auxiliary power — such as booster rockets — for take-o- ff Once in flight however it's capable of supersonic speeds A turbojet engine has moving parts One of them the compressor draws air in the front end and forces it into the combustion chamber Another the turbine is mounted on the same shaft as the com- - Otajff writer Kevin V Drown was a fighter pilot during World War 11 and has since been a member of the Air Force Reserve To gather material jor this special Family Weekly article he recently visited civilian and military establishments throughout the country and interviewed experts in the Pentagon and at the missile testing center at Cape Canaveral Fla This resulting article is an attempt to bridge the gap between our ever-wideni- ng arsenal of missiles and what the average citizen knows about them fast-growi- ng Atlas ICBM Jupiter-- C Vanguard pressor and is spun by the exhaust gases Thus as the exhaust rushes toward the rear opening it spins the turbine which spins the compressor which draws in more air So the whole cycle is continuous until the fuel supply is cut off problem Ramjet engines because of the take-o- ff are confined to use in a few missiles Turbojet engines because they can be started on the ground are widely used in both missiles and airplanes What is a missile? It's something that's thrown In modern terms however a missile is something that can throw itself and change its course in flight Depending on its size it's anything from an "intelligent" bullet to a pilotless airplane It consists of four things: the thing that's thrown (the payload) the power that throws it (the engine) the thing that aims it (the guidance system) and the body that holds the whole thing together (the airframe) How many kinds of airframes are there? As many as there are kinds of missiles Each missile is built for a different purpose with different equipment and each needs its own body design the same as airplanes or automobiles An important part of the airframe is the control system or steering mechanism Some airframes have wings and rudders Family Weekly June 29 27 |