Show siy syi K THE tny BY LOUIS A BERTRAND mertrand my last communication contained a brief account of the efforts of president young and brothers ursenbach and watt to introduce the mulberry and silkworm into this territory desiring to help these gentlemen in promoting the same great cause I 1 intend to write a certain number of elementary articles to that effect this most important culture being still in its infantry here MJ my present communications comm will include clude everything connected with it from the most moat suitable species of mulberries ul for utah to the tho making and keeping the worms eggi eggs hundreds of books boaks hate have been published in europe on an this thi smatter B but buh T will only discourse from ft my experience my coandel to tobe be ginnoro min win be founded not n h scientific theories but on well authenticated facts in the tho meantime let the farmers of bf utah plant mulberry trees everywhere they will prove the richest inheritance they can bequeath to their children I 1 will now show them what varieties are the best beat for our climate the writers on an the mulberry culture i have lave described many varieties composing that numerous family much difference is found in their theril the tho number amber and nomenclature of the i trees are aro different in ech each work the various authors haye have extended without end the division of the species olee cice butin my numerous travels and researches I 1 have found that but a single species aces of tae the jioras exist sto bo divided divide into n two i br branches anches called faces races a ces nam elythe white and the black new now naw I 1 will men mention tion the best varieties of mulberry trees to be cultivated in utah for silk blik raising first morus alba or white malberry is a native of china but for centuria cen turne turie has been naturalized in europe thi this tree is of rapid growth and is extensively known for the uses of its leaf as the food for silkworms the leaves are pointed entire or lobed but vary much in the different sub aub varieties the fruit is white roun diah of an insipid taste the bark of the tree is of an ash color the tree is valuable for its timber and exceedingly long lived it luc is excellent for various cooper joiner and wheel rights works it takes a f nine fine ine lne polish and sabie is sable able to remain a long time in the water without being spoiled among the sub varieties which have been produced from the white mulberry by its seed beed F seed eed or by graf grafting will mention the spanish and roman boman mulberries extensively cultivated in all warm climates the white green or calom colombo a if is eminently silky and aud the little greer pr very hardy flourishing flouris flouria hini hine under every northern latitude second the morus retty this thia tree a native of italy has is the first result of the mixture of the white whito and aud black races the tha leaf is large and sometimes lobed of a deep green smooth on one side uney enand and rugged on the other less thick than that of sev eral oral varieties produced by the white race its shoots are strong and lengthy and preserve the character proper to the primitive white race their color ia Is slightly deeper the joints a little more distant than those ot of the white varieties the fruit fruity which is at first violet becomes at maturity perfectly black two distinct varieties have been discovered in the by the french nurserymen nurseryman nursery men one has its wood of a deep browni brown the other of a grayish ash color the leaves of the nir fir first are of eee vee a deeper TE pr green than those of the tho second that pit fit phenomenon which arises kofrom the proportion of the mixture races by copulation has caus edthe first t to be i i i named mor hor etty mulberry y and hud ad the other othel elata but it is t stil s t the moret moreo ty mulberry which prevails I 1 in both varieties the white or the back laek lack race and the same phenomenon wll eil w 11 always occur in sowing the seed proceeding from a st single tree either pure or oreleta Elata that mulberry bas has the tho disadvantage of producing much freix it is now on that account unpopular among the italians but being a hardy vandety vad ety it should be most moat profitably culli cultivated abed in utah as a dwarf tree or in the form of a hedge third the morus caqui or many stalked mulberry ia Is a native of china this noble mulberry which is the type of the primitive white race js is simply the female which was first jis discovered at manila the capital of the philippine islands by mr perrotet Perro tet a french naturalist and brought by him to france prance in 1821 the male a native also of china has never been exported from that country in saw large iian elan plan pian lations of trie morus norm both oth male and female at the mouth of the river of canton these magnificent trees are adlae IB numerous at manila manita where I 1 resided eight months it is the first mulberry which waa prepa props cuttings but beant being a native of a memi cemi tropical climate it has as disappointed a vast number amber in of its enthusiastic thusia cultivators cultivator a in europe the great facility with which it is propagated fro trosa frosa layers and und cuttings constitutes its chief merit but it is too tender for a scold cold coid clim cliette ete tte nevertheless such is the hugeness of its thin and soft leaves that it feily filly deserves the attention of our dixie farmers four the loo is a native of china leeking looking upon that mulberry as a ft a moat most tai Tal valuable acquisition to my adopted country I 1 will give a full account of ite ita introduction into france it ws was known that the chinese hd had in their a wild mulberry called ei lied joo zoo readily propagated from froin layers and cutting cut nourishing hinz hing upon almost every kindlon sol soi laud land producing excellent beautiful leaves loaves and easy exby to be gathered but that precious tree ao so much esteemed by the celestials Celesti als ais who cultivated it profitably even in the tile cold regions of their vast empero lacking in the french collections in 1834 mr cabile beauvais received one hundred hundred and nd thirty three seeds of a most moat valuable mulberry according to the statements menta of a dutchman who had braught brought them over from china and who presented them to that far renown ed silk grower these seeds produced strong tre trees which gave a plentiful crop of large and fand delicate leaves which were devoured ravenously by the silk worms the most mott beautiful trees were propagated upon different dimmie diffie rent soils at every exposure and the success was perfect the name of zoo loo was given to the new mulberry because if it is not the chi nese zoo I 1 it is indeed its son or its brother in 1847 mr de ileon lleon nn an experienced silk bilk raiser ralser had already said of the zoo loo it is the very best mulberry we possess it is f for tor every form it adds to the qualities of our grafted gratt graft edl edi trees the al power of the wild ones onea another very competent silk grower said of the zoo at the same time tiie this mulberry offers enormous advantages being cultivated as a bush it shoots long stems sterna well stocked with large leaves of which the product in i considerable it is easily propagated from frova cuttin cutting gw and is able to tand stand land the influence of the frosts the gathering of the leaves and pruning make bake its cultivation cheaper than any other variety bo so certain its worth seems to me that I 1 intend to ailant plant it extensively ten not only for its leaves eaves but alo also for forming regular copses to be worked as its our common woods in expectation pec tation that I 1 shall get from til them eirl in four years yeara what other forest trees not produce in six years yearb 11 extensive nurseries were started and about eight acres were permanently planted canted with the zoo loo by the originator mr ir 0 beauvais Beu vals on hla hia silk institute called les surgeries bergeries eer Ser geries de and located in the vicinity of cf paris although on a poor soil his magnificent plantation vas was much admired by every visitor but specially specialty by southern silk rats erh era I 1 will state in the proper place what a powerful influence the foundation of that at institute and the scientific experiments performed by mr beauvais have had in france on this most important branch of industry As ah an ornamental tree the mulberry has no superior in the vegetable kin g dord for instance our swo abad if f planted with two abw of standard mulberries would soon become one of the most splendid avenues of the world the pacific 1 railroad rall Eail road inell ineil wien chell completed completo will rill enable us great grea number of these most valuable trees before closing the present chater chapter I 1 will stater that the mulberry seed preserves its vitality only one year parties parities desiring any quantity of fresh and reliable seed from pranee prance to be planted in the fall of 1860 would do well to convey their orders as soon as convenient to bro bra georg gedrge D watt and I 1 will immediately take the proper steps to have those orders filled next season |