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Show FAIM AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST AGRICULTURISTS. TO days to haul In, $12; rent of land, $30; tax of land, $4; wear and tear and interest, $12.45; later on for hauling to market and ether work to meadow. total, $31.95. The average hay crop for 1S37 was about one and tons to acre, which will make the cost $6.15. Adding 80 cents for horse feed brings it up to $6.93 per ton of $23; one-ha- lf Some HiuW Soil te tivation of the Thereof Horticulture, Floriculture. Y About Culand Yields ltlcullure aud Hearing Wood of Grape Ylues. E. G. Lodeman, department of agrl cufture report: (5) All the fruit of the vine in any one year Is borne upon the fruit of that year, which grow from the canes produced the preceding year; and since the number of clusters borne upon a single shoot is fairly constant (varying generally from on to three), the number of buds left upon a vine when it Is pruned deter- hay. Wheat. Seed 35 bushels, $33; binder twine, $3; threshing Sut) buahels at 4 cents, $12; work of all kinds, $112.50; rent for lard. $75; wear, tear, tax, $41.62; horse feed, $30; total cost of 23 acres of wheat, $314.12, or $1.04 per bushel. Oats. bushels of seed, $20; twine, $8; threshing a 40 bushel per acre yield, 1,000 bushels, $20; work of all kinds, $112.30; rent for land, $75; wear, tear, tax, $41.62; horse feed, $30; total, $307.12, or a little over 30 cents mines with considerable accuracy tbe per bushel. In above figures I did not count any number of clusters which the vine incidental expenses, such as horsepossess. These facts serve as the chief machine oil, harness oil and shoeing, to guides the operator In the vineyards when estimating the probable capacity the like. I am one of your readers and that of a vine during the next season of is the only school I have ever had in bearing. Usually more buds are allowed to remain than would be safe if this good America. I began reading each one were sure to be perfect; an your paper ten years ago right after I began farming for myself. I call excess of 10 to 20 per cent is genera one which myself farmer, practical ally left in New York vineyards to can get to be only by actual experience take the places of such buds as are imand farm journals through which perfect, or of those which become In- to good ideas. Land in my neighexchange jured. borhood sells for from $75 to $100 per (6) The position of the bearing wood acre. We had a fair crop, but there upon a vine is of secondary importance as regards the effect upon the is not much money on account of bad roads. Wheat looks as if it was used quantity and quality of the fruit; but as a frequent change or renewal of the up. A SUBSCRIBER. entire top appears to be desirable, the young bearing wood should be as near Defective Road Laws. the root of the plant as circumstance will allow. Yv'hen the important relaThe chief executive of Indiana Is a tion of these essential points to sucstrong advocate of good roads and Is cessful grape growing is thoroughly determined that the road laws of that considered, the secondary eharaeter of state shall be radically revised. Hs the training of the vine becomes ap- expresses himself as follows: parent. A system of training may beI knew before I became governor come popular in a locality simply as that our and road laws were the effect of some trifling cause, and I have learned much moredefective, since I have not as a result of extended comparibeen in office. I have been investigatsons or experiences; it is well underthe question lately, with a view to stood and therefore used. Yet, there ing future legislation, and I find the study is scarcely a system which is not more not only interesting but I may say apor less modified by the individual growThe road tax the state over palling. er so much so that often many vawill average more than 15 cents on riations of some method will be found in the same locality. $100. We pay taxes on $1,300,000,000. That means that we are supposed to Each vineyardist is a staunch suppay about $2,000,000 per annum for porter of his own method, and the conclusion which one must necessarily keeping our roads up. I want to say conI reach is that the grower is the main that am wholly and thoroughly vinced that not 50 per oent of thi3 sum conthe a system being merely factor, venience capable of much variation. is ever expended as the law provides. Yet every important grape growing A great deal of it is never even coldistrict has one or more characteristic lected. The Indiana law allows a taxmethods of training its grape vines. payer to work out his road tax. The This plainly shows that such methods road supervisor Is sole boss and judge business, and any are well suited to the locality and to of this working-ou- t the varieties of grapes grown there. sort of a slipshod report of the matter For this reason they deserve study, as he sees fit to make to his township trustee suffices. As a consequence well as comparison with other methabuse is almost universal, and the most ods in successful use. When the advantages and disadvantages of the va- outrageous and flagrant frauds are perpetrated. There is $156,000,000 worth rious typical systems are well underof railroad property taxed in Indiana, stood, it is a comparatively easy matbut do these railroads pay their 15 ter to select one which will prove succents on the hundred dollars, as precessful even under peculiar circumstances. In case of necessity an en- scribed by law? Not at all. They tirely new method may be adopted to work it out on the free gravel roads, suit the requirements of a certain lo- according to reports, but the result of cality; all that is essential is to adapt the work is not apparent. In some the system to the principals stated places I doubt if any of the money above ami to limit all modifications in these railroads were supposed to pay for road tax, and of which thpy did accordance with them. pay, perhaps, 80 per cent, for the tax Cost of Kaisin Grain. receipts, was expended on the roads. My figures are based on $30 per acre One man who has several railroads unland. All that one man can do will der his control told me a short time be to raise, say, 23 acres of wheat, ago that none of his roads ever paid over 80 per cent for these receipts. 40 acres of corn, 23 acres of oats, and The railroads are reported on the booxs 10 acres of hay, aUr'gfther 100 acres. In the first place I will have to buy of nearly eve.y county in the state a3 an ouifit that will last ten years. It having worked out their road tax, and will consist of the following: Three I challenge any man to cite me a single good hor'e, $300; harness, case where he has seen the employes of any railroad working on our roads pay$40; wagon, ?33; stock rake, $10; harrow, $15; deep cultHator, $18; oats ing ou this tax. With the amount of seeder, 10; corn planter, $10; wheat money Indiana is supposed to pay for drill, 50; binder, $113; mower, $15; hay road tax she ought to have the best roads in the United States. Hut she rake, $20; hay frame, $10; small rehas not and will not have until there paying tools, $10; total, $778. Now, as you know, everything will is corrective legislation. There ought to be no such thing as working out be worn out in ten years, and the money so spent will he a total loss, so we road tax, and the laws should le so reof the invested vised as to in nire the expenditure of must count capital as being tbe loss on wear and the tax coliecitd for the purpose it is tear for each year. Then there is the designed to serve. I am studying the interest. The annual loss for this will New Jersey law and other state laws, h of and hope to be able to present some be about as follows: on at 6 per valuable sugge stions to the next leg$778 interest $778, $77.80; cent, $46.08; rent of land, $300; tax islature. on land, $40; tax on horses and tools, $20; horse feed, $120; wages at $1.50 for YYeeiila. per day for 300 days, $130; a total of e a colorless i3 acWe may figure pretty $1,034.48. with a strong odor. It evaporliquid will take find it will and you curately at ordinary temperature. about half of the counted time to work ates fieely is heavier than air, is highly the forty acres of corn, and the other The gas alhalf of the time will suffice for the inflammable and a strong poison a not is small injurious. portion wheat, oats and hay; so we will count though sufficient blinkets, canvas, or of the $1,054.48 for the raising Provide of corn. That will be $527.24. To oilcloth to thoroughly cover the grain which we must add cost of shelling of to be treated. For every one hundred a 40 bushel crop $16 and seed $2.50, bushels of grain put in open shallow dishes on the grain one pound of making a total of $545.74. This gives using about us 1,600 bushels of corn at a total cost each dish and placing them in 34 cents pound of per of $545.74, or a cost bushel. The average corn crop of at a reasonable distance. Cover the 1807 was 23 bushels, which would give grain, dishes and all, at once and let nours. ExamOf remain for twenty-fou- r a cost per bushel of 59 cents. rats and mice if all see to we ine acre insects, more bushels course the per raise the less will be the cost of each are dead. If some are found to be As the same tools are used alive apply again, using more of the bushel. all over the farm we will throw about liquid. Ware houses, mills, elevators, an equal charge of the wear to each store rooms and the like may be treated in a similar manner. The liquid a3 crop. will retailed at the drug stores costs from take it Hay. Working carefully, a man two days to cut his ten acres 20 to 30 cents per pound. of meadow, which will make the labor The ammonia of hen manure is one $3; a day to rake it up. $1.50; four of the most valuable part3. wen two four $6; to shake up, days Seventy-fiv- e well-kno- one-tent- h One-tent- Carbon-Bisulphid- e Carbon-bisulphid- cne-ha- lf carbon-b- isulphide onc-ha- lf SERVANTS LIVERIES. They Ilad Their Origin During the Reign of King Tepiu of France. o far as the present writer is aware tbe earliest mention of liveries made in history was during the reign of King Tepin of France, who flourished about the year 730 A. D cays London A form of amuse meat to Society. which King Perm was partial was what were termed cours plenleres. These were assemblies at which, upon the kings inviiat: us, all the lords and courtiers of Fran e were expected to he present. They were held twice each year at Christmas and Easier and generally lasted for aVut a week at each time. Sometimes these gatherings took place at the kings palace, sometimes in the nebb Ivrhood of one of the larger French cities and sometimes in some rmal district, whie the festival lasted the king took all his meals in public, bishops and dukes alone being privileged to sit at the royal table. A second table was provided for abbots, counts ai.d other leading men, and at both tables there was shown more profusion than deli- racy, both in th qualify of the meats and drinks and the manner in which FOR WOMEN AXD HOME. ( j they were served. Flutes, hautboys and other musical instruments were played before the bearers of each course as it was removed from the tables. When dessert was served, twenty heralds, each holding aloft a jeweled goblet, shouted thrice, Largesse, largesse from the most potent of As they shouted they scatkings! tered among the crowds handfuls of gold and silver coins. Then the trumpets were blown, while the better class of spectators snouted and the meaner sort scrambled and often fought vigorously for the money scattered by the heralds. Charles VII. of France put a Anal stop to the cours plenieres, alleging that the expense attendant upon his wars with England made it impossible for him to continue them. One of the severest causes of expense, it was explained, arose from the fact that, beginning with King Pepins time, etiquette and custom alike demanded that the king should upon these occasions give an entire suit of new and gorgeous clothing not only to his own servants and retainers, but also to those of the queen and all the princes of the blood royal. These garments were said to be livres that is, delivered at the king's expense and from this word the English word "livery was derived, as was the custom of providing servants with livery, from the practice of certain of the French kings. above-mention- HINTS FOR SMOKERS. Never Smoke Before Breakfast or When the Stomach Is Empty. Generalarzt Dr. Sholer publishes In the Centralblatt zur Cesundheitspflege a collection of Hints for Smokers, which are founded, as the doctor states, upon his professional observation for many years of the mouth, teth, stomach, lungs, heart and skin of the devotee of tobacco. The first and foremost rule is never to smoke before breakfast, nor, as a rule, when the stomach is empty; this custom is the worst possible foe of digestion. Never smoke during any exertion of great physical energy, as dancing, running, or rowing cycling, mountain-climbinand especially if in a contest. Never follow the bad customs of the French and tbe Russians by allowing the smoke to pass through the nose; never inhale it through the rose. Kep the smoke as far as possible from the eyes and nose; the longer the pipe the better; the use of a short pipe during work Is to be avoided. A pipe is the most wholesome form of smoking, a cigar the next, a cigarette the worst. Always throw away your cigar as soon s as you have smoked of it; the last end of it is the most hurtful, in cauda venenum, the poison lurks in the tail. All cigarettes are bad, but eastern cigarettes the worst, for they are almost always compounded with some degree of opium. The smoker ought to rinse out hi3 mouth, not only before every meal and before going to bed at night, but several times during the day. The best rinse for the smoker is a glass cf water in which a teaspoonful of table salt has been dissolved. It should be used as a gargle at night and care should be taken that every cavity in the teeth is well washed with it. The pipes proper place is in the hand and only occasionally in the lips or teeth. g, four-fifth- ITEMS OF INTEREST FOR MAIDS AND MATRONS. The hitler hirk" Some New Things to Wear 1U..S Golltama i:rror Tea Gown anti !lou-.l)rtM Itage for Ivening Gowns. YY C e The hh'er Clark. YY - t V r O 0 t"Lr0. r by y J:r a. - J t V - ; . & J "1 ; 'f ' 7V v. bv J f ; v o ret tin on to Viintir now, the nights an- crisp and chill. wind The conies T'S (1 the a sharp hly with tic shrill. The iliim- whis- - ami leaves ip-a- rustle corner by r.rp and in the (lie -- In And the 1. branches em,' snatch and rat tle on the skylMht overhead. The crackhn Mazo is climbin' up around ttie old Mack log. As vie set by the lire place here, myself and cat and dux. And as fer me, I'm thinkln, as the fire burns char and hr yht. That It must he mighty lonrsnme fer the Widder Clark the curtain to rise when she finally tripped dowr.-tairradiantly and pretty as could he. Apologizing sweetly for her delay-- , she went with the young man into the hall, where stood a little table on which she had placed her cape. Without looting at the table she hurriedly snatched up what she supposed was her cape, and in a few seconds wras seated in the waiting cab. The young man did not otice anything wrong until they aliffbed at the door of the theater, when he almost exploded with Other playgoers seemed laughter. equally amufd. As soon as he could recover himself the escort whispered a few words to Miss Gotham, who. with a scream of mortification, dived back into the cab and drove home at A pair of knee pants belonging once. to a little brother of her hostess had by some mischance been laid on the h table, and these had graced the young womans pretty shoulder instead id the cape. Next morning, in spite of all her former schoolmate could do or say--, the New York girl left for s, 11 home. Tea Goan and House Dross. The most noticeable thing about the is their d: apery and new house shape. The Watteau plait will alvvavr fli-si-- es Its bad enough fer me. bgosh, round the place. With Jest these two dumb critters here and nary human face To make the house a home agin, same as it used to he While mother lived, fer she was bout the hull wide world to me. My bein' all tl e son she had, we love each other more. That's why. I guess, I'm wrhat they call a bach" at forty-fou- r. Its hard fer me to set alone, but women folks 'tain't right. And it must he mighty lonesome fer the Widder Clark I see her tother moinin and. I swan, twan't later'n six. And there she wuz out in the cold up the sticks To kindle fire for bieakfast, and she smiled so bright and gay. By gee, I simply couldnt bear to see her work that way Well, 1 went in and chopped, I guess, enough to last a year. And she said thanks! so pretty, gosh! It done me good to hear. She dont look over twenty-five- , no, not a single mite Ah, hum! it must be lonesome fer the Widder Clark he popular, hut the draped front has I sez to her, Our breakfasts ain't much for the present taken its place. This fun fer me or you, Seems if two lonesome meals might make consists of a front laid across in folds, one social one fer two. draped from one side to the other. To She Mushed so red that I did, too, and form this the front is laid in side got sorter 'fraid Under each plait there is atThat Bhe was mad and, like a fool, come plaits. tached a big hook. When the dress Is home I wish I'd stayed. Id ilka to know now if she thinks that put on these hooks fasten into eyes Clark's a pretty name, that are sewed upon the left side of the Cause if she dont and fancies mine, well waist. This is the secret of the draped make em both the same. I think I'll go and ask her, 'cause twould fronts, which are neither difficult not case my mind a sight intricate when once understood. To know twant quite bo lonesome fer the Rose color is going to be the popular Widder Clark color for a house dress as the shades Joe Lincoln. of green were last year. The trimming for a rose cashmere is black velvet put Rage for Kvening Gowns. on around skirt, sleeves It is perhaps due to a revival of andin tiny bands Soft lace makes an excelyoke. early century styles that the evening lent finish for a draped front. Gather dress is so much worn, and by eventhe lace and sew it on, holding the ing is meant tbe gown that is short-sleeve- d When on it will fail close. and low in the neck. For all, gathers except strictly house occasions, this d diess is seen, low cut and and many are the pretty inodes for making it up. Taffeta and chiffon are still the favorite materials, the former for skirt material ar.d the latter for trimming purposes. Silk muslin takes the place of chiffon sonut'nms, but it is thicker and much Ips adapt tilde. It is, however, very soft anil gareful. A rather noticeable mains gown had a skirt of blush rose taffeta. The waist was of the same with silk muslin thickly gathered over it. A pink ribbon was gathered around the neck, as a finish, and the same ribbon was tied In bows on the shoulder and at the naturally into jabot shape. short-sleeve- Gctrt old I.ovcrR Fortune, Though death prevented Mrs. Lucille Morris of Omaha from marrying late in life the man of her early love, she has been somewhat solaced by the gift of his fortune. A few days ago she received word th it the e Doris of the holr3 of C. E. Allison to bieak Lis will bequeathing his piopeiiy, va ucd at $150,-0- 0 aud that to her lias been she will obtain the fortune in a few weeks. Airs. Morris is known as a writer on rcfoim topic-- having published a theand several sis on !y reform, other hooks. While in her teens she met C. E. Allison in Butler, AIo., and they fell in love. Fhe was then engaged to L. Morris, a Sedalia, AIo., professor. In spite of her love for Allison she kept faith with the professor and married him. Aloiris anil his wife did not live happily, and Mrs. Alorrla obtained a divorce three years ago. Allison had in the meantime grown rich from mining investments in hexico. He met Airs. Alorris in Kansas City last summer, and it was arranged that they should be married in the fall. Before the time set Allison died. A few hours previous to him death he willed all of his property to the woman who was to have become his wife. An Unique Weddlnjf Gift. recent bride had one among her many presents which will serve the A double purpose of reminding her of the home she has left and also will be of great practical use to her. One of her friends armed herself with a blank town book and went about in the Shot the Shute. , to lived all both their where mutual Because they seriously objected to asking for cooking rethe attentions he was paying to their belt. The ends hung to the floor. The acquaintances, she Thpse copied in the book, a was cipes. daughter, Mr. and Airs. Shute of only trimming upon the skirt each in case the name of the of ribbon. appending were shot by William Smith, shirring Brooklyn giver and classifying them carefully for who escaped to Chicago. And now he future reference. One could scarcely Miss Gothams Awful Error. is to be arrested for shooting the Not long ago a New York girl went imagine a more thoughtful gift. Shutes. to Washington expecting to pay a long Her Gratitude. visit to a recently married schoolmate. Hell Know Better Next Time. never have another offer like Youll was to limited Her four stay I just days, He Darling, dream of you night as the maiden spurned She Im sorry, but your being cut short by a most embarrass- this, he said, and day. ing error she made. accepted him. dreams will avail you naught. Ha "Thank you, she replied. I was to mans invitation a a attend young do I what, She you mean? Why, woman-like- , afraid and took a you wpre going to say sometheater, long mean tffiat he man I marry must be no dreamers need apply. while to dress. It was almost time for thing disagreeable. wide-awak- e- |