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Show b THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH Made Capable Potential Fighting Men History lesson that their greatness when physically fit, and crumpled when physically unfit Americas experience In the draft Indicated that 50 per cent of our young men have physical defects. What an alarming situation 50 per cent of a nations manhood defective! But It was also shown that most of these defects could be corrected by proper WASHINGTON. ii p -i s j ? k;$& V f I h$ &&& , w .ftf.,Mv-- . MIU Draining. Official reports from Camp McClellan, Ala., disclose that an experiment during the summer with a company of 120 civilian military training camp students, selected for their physical unfitness for military service, turned them out at the end of three weeks as capable potential fighting men. The report was submitted by Capt. A. W. Ednle, Twenty-nint- h Infantry, who commanded the special training company at the camp, composed of men who would otherwise have been rejected for the summer work. It recommends that similar companies be organized next year and that additional men be. thus saved to the citi zen army.' In proof of the success of the experiment, it added that not only was there a remarkable Improvement in weight, chest expansion, height, mental alertness and enthusiasm among the boys of the special company, but that In competition with four prize companies of the regular camp at the conclusion of training, the former physical defectives won third honors. In selecting men for the special company, groups of boys with slight organic defects or with Indications of disease were segregated temporarily at the hospital.' In one case 36 youths suffering from hookworm were returned to the company completely cured. One hookworm patient gained 23 pounds In three weeks. The gain of weight for the entire company of 120 men during the camp period was shown by the records to be 12 pounds a man on the average. Could the young men of the nation all be put through the training of the military camps it is obvious that the percentage of defectives would be tremendously reduced. Everybody, Nobody, Blamed for Herrin United States Coal in a report to Coolidge on the causes of strikes declined to fix final responsibility for the Herrin massacre, but strongly criticized public officials for falling to prevent the killings, the Southern Dlinois Coal company for defying the union and Inviting mob violence, and subordinate officers and members of the United Mine Workers who defended the outrage. It has been suggested that this was a communistic movement, said the commission, referring to the Herrin massacre.' It is true that communists have made efforts to establish organizations in that county and that a few foreigners were induced to join; but there Is no evidence that this had any relation to this lamentable and horrible occurrence. The voters are Intensely partisan and divide along normal party lines with a negligible Socialist vote. "The local point of view Is well stated In the verldcti of the coroners Jury: We, the Jury, find from the evidence that the deaths of decedents were due to the acts, direct and of the officials of the Southern Illinois Coal company. We recommend that an Investigation be conducted for the purpose of fixing the blame personally on Individuals re- THE : " :v ' , r-- MAZ3JN&30MBER. War is a serious and the next war the most Berious of allproblem problems. Battlefields will become bloodless and the agony of muscles will be replaced by the agony of mind CoL J. F. C. Fuller. In "The Reformation of War." By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN MaJ. Victor Lefebure In his work, The Riddle of the Rhine, predicts that the next war will be a war particularly of chemistry. He dwells on the possibilities of the combination of gas and aircraft, and he warns that no prohibition or agreement Is going to stop the use of such weapons when national existence Is believed to be at stake. But it Is CoL J. F. C. Fuller, D. S. O, who carries this talk of a chemical war to Its logical conclusion In his new book, The Reformation of War. He is an Englishman and a professional soldier who knows war both In theory and practice. His book gives us pen pictures of war as It will be fought when the fighting airplane, tanks and gas reach the full maturity of their terrible T IS to be assumed that nobody now ' wants another world war. But the possibility and the dread of It are ever with us. Professional soldiers are studying the last one In search of guidance for the next one. The United States War department Is preparing a comprehensive plan for the Industrial mobilization of the power. nation In case of war. Nations are Colonel Fullers basic proposition is that war experimenting openly with airplanes He lias the utmost contempt Is of the Inevitable. and bombs and, doubtless, in secret with gas. The presses are kept busy printing books on the next . for peace talk, disarmament propositions, and the world war. outlawing of certain weapons and certain methods In of fighting. He believes that when war comes . Abroad nations seem to be running a race of nations will use the most efficient weapon availweapon as the coming the airplane developing war. The United States seems to be lagging beable, be it what It may. He asserts that the traditional soldier Is doomed, that in the coming war hind In this development to such an extent that armies and navies will be valueour present-da- y the American Legion has proposed to ask Presiless, that the World war will be the last of its dent Coolldge to call an international conference kind. Up to near the end of the last great struggle, to halt this race by limitation of air armaments. The airhe says, war was of two dimensions. If our aviation accomplishments are comparadevelIs the the must be dimensional. What war three what made of little plane importance, tively use of armies fighting, if airplanes can leap the opments abroad? United States naval seaplanes armies and carry the war to the heart of the bombed and sank in short order two battleships slated for the scrap heap. enemys country. The airplnne, however, is a mere means of transportation for gas, the most efficient United States army airplanes, InTwenty-thre- e means of destruction the world has yet seen. He cluding sixteen huge bombers, made a flight of says 7,300 bullets a minute can be fired in shrapnel 800 miles from Virginia to Maine and gave the transcontinental from a field gun and then says: A lesson. an coast Atlantic object Gas Is, however, composed of cnemlcal moleaerial mail schedule of thirty hours from coast to cules each of which can disable; consequently, coast shows that night flying, an essential of milthe projectiles of a gas bombardment cannot be itary aviation, is practical. A navy Curtis racer, reckoned by thousands per minute, but by thoupiloted by a naval officer, traveled at the rate of sands of trillions. In fact so immense a number more than four miles a minute and again at the that it Is not even necessary to know the position rate of 255 miles an hour. of the target; ail that Is necessary Is to know in The Barling bomber, .the worlds largest airat Its maiden what ai;ea it Is, and then to Inundate this area. trip completed successfully plane, a Unlike a bullet, the effect of gas does not cease has bomber field. The wing Wilbur WVight once the force generated to propel It Is spent, for, spread of 120 feet Loaded, it weighs twenty tons. while the bullet Is dead the gas molecule Is It has six Liberty motors of 400 horsepower each It alive, and may remain alive for days after gas four and two propellers. pulling and pushing has been projected. If the reader can Imagine a will stay in the air twelve hours and fly about machine gun which can fire millions of bullets 90 miles an hour. a ZR-- 1 second, each bullet drifting on after the force successnaval dHgible The Inited States of the original discharge has been spent, creeping over twelve-houmiles r flight of 600 fully Siade a through trees and houses, wandering over walls New ilork, Philadelphia and cities of the Atlantic and Into shelters and dugouts, then he will have seabofrd. some Idea how gas can be used to economize miliNow all of these feats in air travel were Immedtary time. iately translated into terms of war. For Instance, Colonel Fuller says the traditional soldier will deS. N U. Commander Ralph D. Weyerbacher, ZR-1- . be succeeded by the war scientist, whose stratIn a declares the of builder and signer egy will be to attack the nerves rather than the printed statement that had the aerial superdread-naugh- t bodies of the enemy. "The brute force theory of errand on York a warlike New flown over traditional warfare will go; in its place will be it would have been an easy matter to have de-tn the direct attack on the source of all military holes smashed great buildings, stroyed public the nerves and will of the civil popupower to the reduced and streets metropolis the crowded i He says: lation. a state of panic, A nation which destroys the economic resources of tons five the high carried explosives "Had she of Its enemy, destroys Its eventual markets, and the ZL--1 can float, we could have wrecked the thus wounds itself. War must entail some loss, lifted and Wadsworth and Hamilton of Forts guns but the less this loss Is the greater will be the nothto the from water, say the seagoing Aquitania wrote. victory; consequently, the military object of a he in the harbor, ing of the lesser craft nation Is not to kill and destroy, but to enforce "I could not help thinking as we circled Manhattan the policy of Its government with the least posbe destruction by wrought may what grievous' loss of honor, life and property. If the enemy sible If such cities over floating aerial bombing large can be compelled to accept the hostile policy withbattleships as the ZR-- 1 can be developed to a out battle, so much the better. If he opposes It counterpoint where they can successfully resist by military force, then It should never be forgotattack. ten that the strength of this force rests on the Commander Weyerbacher translated the possiwill of the government which employs It, and that, ZR-1 of terms into explosives. bilities of the In its turn, this will rests on the will of the nation Others talk about gas. Whole armies put to sleep which this government represents. If the will of and taken prisoner In gas warfare Is by no means the nation cannot be directly attacked, then must years hence, Col. Rayan impossibility twenty-fiv- e the will' of the army protecting It be broken. In of mond F. Beacon, chief of the technical division the past this will has been attacked by attacking the chemical warfare service, A. E. F.f says In a flesh of the soldiers, and so consistent has this the description of the' possibilities of the future art been, that the Idea has arisen that the military of war made public by the American Chemical object of war Is to kill and destroy. Thus, In the society. He says: popular and military Imaginations, the means have obscured the end ; consequently, the prevailing idea To say the use of gas in warfare must be abolof all parties In the recent war was destruction, ished is almost the some as saying that no progto destroy each other, and so blinded were they ress must be made in the art of warfare toward more humane. With and efficient more by the means that they could not see that in the making it very act they were destroying themselves, not only the use of gas it is possible to saturate a piece of cross it, and thus can no during the war, but In the peace which must soma so troops that ground or flank for the day follow the war. barrier protect artificial an malte I believe that the world b slowly learning this the lines of communication. -- V mzZtvl VteMarc(oio lesson, and that, as In my opinion wars are Inevitable, the old idea of warfare based on destruction will be replaced by a new military Ideal, the imposition of will at the least possible general loss. If this be so, then the means of warfare must be changed, for the present means are means of killing, means of blood ; they must be replaced by terrifying means, means of mind. The present implements of war must be scrapped, and these bloody tools must be replaced by weapons the moral effect of which Is so terrific that a nation attacked by them will lose its mental balance and will compel Its government to accept the hostile policy without further demur. This strategy will endeavor to petrify the human mind with fear" and will send great fleets of airplanes to make gas attacks on the nerve centers of the enemy nation.' Colonel Fuller says : A few years ago armies alone went forth to battle; today entire nations go to war, not only as soldiers, but as the moral and material suppliers of soldiers. This being so, we And that, while a short time back It was clearly possible to differentiate between the military and ethical objective of nations at war, today this differentiation is becoming more and more complex ; so much so that both these objectives are likely to coincide, and, when this takes place, to attack the civilian workers of a nation will then be as justifiable an act of war , as to attack Its soldiers. Colonel Fuller then points out that the first gas used In the World war was of a lethal nature. But at the third battle of Ypres the Germans used mustard gas and disclosed to the world the possibilities of gas warfare. He says. Respirators to a great extent were now useless,' for the persistent and vesicant nature of this chemical rendered whole areas, for days on end, uninhabitable and dangerous to cross. Men carried the oily liquid on their clothes, on the mud of their boots, and Infected dugouts, billets and rest camps far back on the lines of communication. Few died, but many were Incapacitated for months on end. Here, curious to relate. Is the true power of gas as a weapon It can incapacitate without when once killing. A dead man says nothing, and, A the survivors. to incumbrance no is burled, wounded man will spread the wildest of --rumors, will exaggerate dangers, foster panic and equires the attention of others to heal him until he dies or Is cured, he Is a military incumbrance and a demoralizing agent. Gas Is, par excellence, the weapon of demoralization, and, as it can terrorize without necessarily killing, It, more than any other known weapon, can enforce economically the policy of one nation on another. . . . I believe that In future warfare great cities, such as London, will be attacked from the air and that a fleet of 500 airplanes each carrying 500 bombs of, let us suppose, mustard gas, 200,000 minor casualties and throw cause might the whole city into panic within half an hour of their arrival. Picture, If you can, what the result will be! London for several days will be one vast raving bedlam, the hospitals will be stormed, traffic will cease,' the homeless will shriek for help, the city will be in pandemonium. What of the government at Westminster? It will be swept terror. Then will the away by an avalanche of which will be grasped enemy dictate his terms, at like a straw by a drowning man. Thus may hours and the losses a war be won In forty-eig! of the winning side may be actually nil Colonel Fullers conclusion is this: That side, he says, which gains supremacy 4n Invention and which Is going to win the next design Is the side And again: If mechanically both sides are war. obedience and equal, then on, valor, of the soldier will victory depend. But If one side relies on these virtues alone, and neglects to safeguard them by the most powerful weapons obtainable, then will they be of little value, as little as all the valor of the Sudanese at ten-pou- ht sponsible. There Is promoter of the Southern Rllnois Coal company started to operate his mine In defiance of the union he was Inviting mob violence and flirting with death; he knew It and prepared to meet It. The resentment was spontaneous and Instantaneous. ' He challenged the supremacy of the union. Those In the mob undoubtedly believed that it was an attempt to return to old conditions before the mines had been unionized. "There were, of course, fatal omis- slons of duty on the part of publle officials, and neither the officials nor the public wanted troops to protect g the operator In his operations. It might have been stopped by the sheriff, by the officers of the miners union, by public sentiment, bnt all were for the union and all believed that an attempt was being made to destroy It This statement unfortunately cannot end here. Clothed with all the charitable excuses above set out, these furnish no justification for the brazen audacity with which subordinate officials and members of the United Mine Workers of America defended the crime and the criminals. That they were espousing the cause and defending the lawbreakers Is further shown to the commission by the fact that they have since bought the mine where the tragedy occurred, and have no doubt that when the paid therefor $729,000. union-destroyin- By Air to Panama Canal Over Mexico of relations with possible the of the direct air route from the United States to the Panama canal. Plans for such a route, as an important part of the defense system of the canal, have been held up for more than two years because of severed diplomatic relations. The Mexican government, it is said, has indicated Its willingness to permit American planes to fly over that country and will not be averse to the establishment of an aerial mall service between the United States and Resumption Mexico City. In mapping out plans for an air route from the United States to Panama, three possible courses have been considered. The first of these, and the one which Is regarded by experts as the most desirable, is the Central route, leading from Kelly field, San Antonio, Texas, to Laredo, and through the central. part of Mexico, following in general the line of the railway. This route not only has the advantage of being the shortest, with stops at some of the most important cities of the southern republic, but it also would afford a number of good landing places. As a matter of fact, landing fields already have been established at some points along this route. The second route is along the eastern coast of Mexico and the Gulf, with a flight across the Yucatan peninsula. This route has the advantage of being very much shorter than that followed First Estimate of of the first attempt of RESULTS Department make a careful estimate of the volume of Invisible exchange have been announced by Secretary of Commerce Capt. Thpcnas G. Lanphier, In charge of a a 'quadron of six army planes, last April, when they flew from San Antonio, '. Texas, via Florida, Cuba, Haiti, San Domingo and Porto Rico. While this expedition did not attempt to complete the flight from Porto Rico to the Panama canal, all army air service experts were confident that the distance could be easily negotiated. From a military point of view, said Captain Lanphier, "the Importance of this flight hardly can be overestimated. It Is evident at once that the Island of Porto Rico forms the logical base of action for an air force against any possible enemy fleet approaching the Panama canal from the Atlantic. Aside from military aspects, this flight suggests interesting possibilities for future commercial air lines. It has been shown to be entirely practicable to fly from the southern portion of the United States to Venezuela In approximately 12 flying hours. While Secretary Weeks concurs In this view as to the Importance of the Porto Rican route, and the Porto Rican base-I- n the defense of the canal, he and practically all army air service experts recognize that the Mexican route would be much shorter and preferable in making a quick flight from the United States to the canal. The third' route suggested Is from San Diego, Calif., along the weat coast of Mexico. by Invisible Exchange that there has been much less movement In the export of capital. Mr. Hoover explains the phenomenon of continued large importations of gold despite the adverse balance of trade by suggesting it may be due to Hoover. The figures Indicate that Instead of the fact that there baa been a large foreign countries owing the United export of our currency which la being States $754,000,000, representing the held and used abroad and that there excess of exports over imports for the are some evidences that European year 1922, various items of invisible countries have increased their open balances In the United States and their exchange reduce the amount to History shows, of course, that warfare has been investments in American securities- revolutionized a score of times by various InvenThe detailed estimates to relate the Having for the first time attempted to clubs from range tions in the ascent year 1922, since which the balance of to trace down the Items of invisible cannon. But Invariably the offense has been later trade has turned against the United exchange, Mr. Hoover announces that matched by the defense. Perhaps the airplane States. Commenting on the different it is proposed to do so annually herebeen rendered useless has already temporarily situation exlstlhg In 1923, Mr. Hoover after and that through the a story from London says that the explanation of of banks and merchants compresays there has been a continued movethe forced landing and confiscation of thirty ment United States In the hensive estimates will be made for the the against Is in that the Germans Gefmany French airplanes secret method of putting them out ol current items of Invisible exchange as year 1923 as soon as the year comes are using wall as m merchandise account and to an end. action. WIR every gas have Its antidote? n. $329,-000,00- 0. le |