OCR Text |
Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH. UTAH Timm PROFITABLE DAIRY IN SOUTH Home Demand Supplied for Products and Soil Fertility Built Up and Maintained. (Prepared by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture.) More than 9,500,0(30 pounds of butter was made by 93 creameries in the Southern states in the year ending December 31, 1919. Thirty of tl.e .54 cheese factories scattered throughout the mountain region turned out 481,-00- 0 pounds of Cheddar cheese. Sijos, ' I Prepared by the United States ment. of Agriculture.) Depart-- j Standard containers for marketing fruits and vegetables are of more in-- J terest to the average citizen than he generally realizes. Not only is he de- -' frauded frequently by the substitution e packages at tlie jof price, which Is inevitable if the difference In the size of the packages is not easily detected, but also .the cost of marketing is increased by tlie greater expense of manufacturing ,a large number of unnecessary styles and sizes and by breakage in transit, sometimes directly attributable to the ;j short-measur- difficulty re of loading . These losses odd-size- con- d constitute an tainers. unnecessary tax on the fruit and vegetable Industry that the bureau of markets, United States Department of Agriculture, Is endeavoring to cut down by fostering the use of standard containers. e j Units Cause Confusion. Local package units that came into use long ago are most largely refor present difficulties. sponsible Such packages may have been satisfactory when their use was confined to a limited territory, but of late years .rapid transportation and the use of special refrigerator and ventilator cars have brought the products of every section of this country Into our great marketing centers, where the .diversity of styles and sizes of contain ers have resulted in unnecessary con'..-fusion. i There are in common use today about 40 sizes of cabbage crates, 20 styles of celery crates, 30. lettuce crates or boxes, 50 styles and sizes 15 styles and sizes of round stave baskets, and market baskets,'-varying in size from 1 to 24 quarts, whereas relatively few standard sizes would satisfy all the demands of the trade. re The unfair competition of containers has been another unsatisfactory factor. Certain shrewd packers have found that by slight modifications In the shape of packages the cubical contents can be substantially without noticeably affecting the appearance: e ; Package. i Commodities sold In these containers can be offered at a lower price per package than those sold in standard packages, but the price by unit of weight 'is,' of course, higher. Often this has caused the general adoption package, and of the there is no end to this procedure, for once the short measure is recognized as the standard a still shorter one is put out by an unscruplous minority. market basket, the The ' peach basket, the bean hamper, and the lettuce hamper are easily confused with peck, half bushel, hush-e-l baskets. and Another factor which has caused the addition of many unnecessary packages is the lack of a unit which is accepted as the basis for all pack' age standards. If a manufacturer a into a procrate introduce wishes to ducing section normally using the barrel instead of using the bushel unit, the tendency is to offer a barrel crate. At the prescrate or ent time the crates and boxes are beon ing manufactured in sizes based the United States'standard barrel (105 quarts) with its subdivisions, the United States cranberry barrel (86 4 quarts) with Its subdivisions, the weight bushel, the heaped bushel, and the volume bushel.- - These different standards are used because of compet: ing packages. Series of Crates. The result may be seen by a glance at the following table: Old-Tim- defined by congress, and in those where an attempt has been made to describe the manner in which the measure should be heaped the phraseology generally Is vague and indefinite. The heap has been referred to as a cone, the base being the top of the measure, and the height, depending upon the nature of the article when piled as high as may be without special effort or design. Such vegetables as sweet potatoes under this definition might be piled so high that the heap would be as large as the measure itself. In .view of the difficulties which are necessarily encountered in 'attempting to secure a uniform method of filling or packing standard containers, it is generally recognized that weight is tfye only really definite basis of sale, and- for that reason the pound or hundredweight should be used where this is practicable. An exception may be noted in regard to products which are carefully graded as to size, In which case, the sales may be made satisfactorily by numerical count. states BUSINESS BASIS IN SELECTION OF FARM Made by Young Men in Moving. ' Many Serious K Errors Only One Set of Conditions and Are Not Able to Weigh Ac- -' curately All New Factors That Must Be Considered. Know (Prepared by the United States Depart-- ; ment of Agriculture.) Many farmers,' especially the youn-e- r men, in moving from one region to another, make serious errors in selecting farms, not because their judgment is naturally poor, but largely because they know only one set of conditions and a,re not able to weigh accurately all Tlie new factors that must be taken into account,' say specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture. Here the science of farm management is helpful. In that viewfrom the point the farm Is put on a business basis. In doing this, however, the home side of the question must. always be kept in mind. The farm home and the. farm business are inseparable. A desirable farm, from a business standpoint, is nevertheless undesirable if it has no social or community advantages. On the other hand, desirable living conditions are of little or no advantage unless accompanied by a Successful farm business. A farm may have fine , buildings, good water supply, excellent roads, and other such assets, yet if the soil is rocky, shallow, or naturally Infertile, so that its productive possibilities are distinctly limited, there will be no adequate income for enjoying the other advantages. More: over, these physical limitations are enduring, while the needed improve-- ' ments, such as buildings and roads, can be added as means are provided.' Short-Measur- re rt fivp-pec- k -- half-barr- ' el PICK AND PREPARE , BERRIES Care Must Be Exercised by Grower in Shipping Blackberries by Parcel Post. 45-6- If a grower wishes ta ship blackberries by parcel post, he should exercise care in picking and packing the berries. Carelessness in picking and handling blackberries sometimes to the fruit than causes1 Be Three Series of Crates Which Cannot treatment the given while in does Other. Readily Distinguished From Each of the United barrel: say specialists 9. U. transit, apple Crates based on of Agriculture. quarts 105 crate States Department 5214 do barrel crate Success in shipping blackberries is 35 do barrel crate largely on favorable weathdependent Crates based on U. S. cranberry barrel: 4 er conditions and the way In which quarts 86 1 barrel crate do 4311-3- 2 crate the fruit is handled in transit. do 28 2 8 barrel crate The shipping weight of a Crates based on standard bushel: 30 quarts 94 crate of blackberries is from 27 to crate. 48 do and the charge for postage to crate pounds, 32 do crate points within the first and second should measure of unit A standard postal zones Is from 31 to 34 cents. be permanent, definite, and of fixed The cost for crate and postage on a crate of blackberries will and uniform value. The heaped bushel, which is in common use. Is far from vary, therefore, from 58 to 64 cents. at times to ship heing fixed, and In many instances It may be possible the heap has practically disappeared, more than one kind of berries In a ii ecialists of the bureau of mar-pv--;. crate, such as; a : combination ' ' ' . i proper heap has never been more-injur- -- -3 rt el . plant-breedin- ' ' plant-breedin- short-measu- siort-msasu- modern dairy barns, and purebred dairy cows are' becoming common. Fifteen years ago dairying as .an Industry had been scarcely started in the southern states, said a specialist in the dairy division, United States The Department of Agriculture. South probably has made more progress in the last 13 years than any other section of the country. The increase in the number of dairy cows from 1907 to 1920 was more than 50 ' per cent. The increase for the en- tire United States durirng the same period was 13.8 per cent. While the increase in j number pf cows has been large. It is pointed out with by men working the- federal government and the state agricultural cbllege that the improvement In quality has been of even greater importance. Purebreds have been shipped in every year In large numbers, and great interest has been shown in the use of purebred sires. There are now 48 bull asociations in these states. The latest census figures available show there are 5,184 America head of purebred dairy cattle in South evolution brought about by the crude Carolina and 9,586 in Virginia. methods of the Indians g . Dairy development began In the and extending through untold censouthern states shortly after 1906, turies. Luther Burbank, In order to said one of the specialists, but the prove the truth of this theory, carIt improvement was slow at first ried the plant through evolutions' and was difficult to convince growers in produced perfect ears of corn in the my territory that there was anything orrz&siintt?' miraculously short period of 18 years. for them in dairying. But an object Public announcement of the experi- the evolution we can only conjecture, large, fat kernels. Teosinte seeds lesson was found that finally coo- ment, which has been proceeding for when the white settlers came to have always a flint-lik- e chitinous covvinced them. On one side of a road quietly at Mr. Burbanks experimental America they found not the tiny wild ering. But at the end of a few years was a field of cotton that yielded two farm in California since 1903, and teosinte, but Indian corn, or maize, Mr. Burbank found an occasional kerbales per acre ; on the other side a which constitutes one of the most no- bearing ears with 14 rows of nel that had emerged from its coverfield gave half a bale. The farm that table achievements of the plant wiz- Improved kernels to the ear natures ing, and by breeding only these kergrew two bales to the acre had kept ards life, has just been made. ' g nels, the chitinous covering in time cows for five years, and the manure response to the simple Mr. It was the savage Indian, says methods of the savage. It Is not even became only a remnant at the base had produced the change. Farmers Burbapk, who gave us, here in Amer- known how long the Indians had been of the kernels and finally disappeared' were taken from miles around to see ica, the most important crop we have. cultivating this improved corn. That altogether. The ears of corn which these two fields. ,, the wild it was long before the appearance ot he produced at the end of 18 years' It was the Indian who found This little demonstration illustrates " grass, teosinte, covering the plains Europeans, however, Is evident not were equal In every respect to those the purpose for which dairy cows were and developed it into corn. Or; to only from its early and widespread which the Indians, 'with their un-- i turn it the other way' around, it Was cultivation by tribes of the area now skilled' efforts,' had produced after ' the desire of the Indian for a food embraced in the United States, but many centuries of patient toil, and plant like this that led the' teoslritd from the fact that indications of its which they were cultivating at the grass, by graddal adaptation, to' pro- cultivation are found In mound and time the white man first came to duce maize. On Mr. Burbanks farm in the ancient pueblo ruins and cliff this country- - To the .white man is : therd grows, today, this same teosinte dwellings.... due the superior .varieties of, corn It ' bears .sin 1779, during which the Indian found. which are grown .today. Genrows of cOm-Ilk- e eral Snllivan led the famous punitive tiny ears with-twwith his experiments During kernels, on a cob tlie thieknfess of expedition against not only; (Five teosinte, Mr. Burbank a lead pencil, and from two to four Nations) in central New ' York. His changed the plant into corn, but in- -, Inches long slightly' less in '' length mission .was to destroy the villages eidentally produced one of the most than an average head of wheat. and .crops of the Indians. The Iro- productive, fodder plants on earth, From its earlier stage of pdd quois lived In j fixed habitations and and extended the latitude In which it. corn in which each kernel 'was en- had thousands of acres of com and can- be profitably grown nearly or cased in a separate sheath or husk like orchards, and it was good corn "and quite a thousand miles farther northj wheat,' teosinte represented, no doubt, well cultivated, with pumpkins be- and south.. Heretofore, all teosinte' survival and adaptation tween the rows. a hard-foughad to be raised in southern Florida' like that of the flowering-violet.Nowadays the annual corn crop of pr some tropical climate, but Mr. Burthe Indians came into its "en- the world and It is grown from Can- bank's improved varieties, developed, vironment It responded to their influ- ada to the Argentine republic and as a result of his scientific- plant ence as the pansy responded to care in parts of Europe, Asia, Africa and breeding, will produce, even in the and cultivation in its new dooryard Australia amounts to approximately northern states, 50 times as much fod- -; Purebred Holsteins on .a Louisiana home. three billion bushels, der as the commonly cultivated Farm Cows Have Been Dipped Reg-- , Where teosinte had formerly relied of which is grown in the United teosinte of the South, and 50 thnes for Ticks Without Loss in ularly upon the frosts to loosen up1' the States, where It exceeds in value the the amount of grain. Milk. ' ground for the seed, it found in" the combined wheat and cotton crops, or Mr. BurbBnks experiment with recommended in sections of the South Indian a friend who crudely but effec- approximately four billion dollars. a striking example of the is teosinte a major indusnot to make It must he remembered; too, that tively scratched the soil and doubled that the plant breeder, simply by try, but. ratherdairying to establish a system the ;chance for its baby plant to grow. between the original wild grass and fact, the variations which nature that would shpply the home demand Where It had been choked by plant the corn which the white men found taking can effect ' wonderful Imhim, gives starved" sunfor and air enemies, and the Indian cultivating here, there was provements in her plants; and, by for dairy products, and at. the same time build up and maintain soil ferlight by weeds, it found in the Indian undoubtedly a very long period of the urging nature into new variations a friend who cut down and kept oft tility, both by supplying manure and in which each through cross pod corn, breeding, can create by enforcing a proper rotation of its competitors. Where it had been kernel was enclosed in a sheath. When at will an infinite number of new This would make possible the crops. destroyed by the animals before its it is considered that combinations or characteristics from production of cotton and other staple maturity, it found the selfish protec- of. this sheath in Itself unquestionably which to select. crops at greater profit. , This was the tion of the savages as 'grateful as required many centuries, some idea aim of the southern dairy extension though It had been inspired by al- may be gained of the probable total the first large scale extension work, truism. time to of Scotlands Gray Seals. length necessary develop Planted in patches. Instead of strug- teosinte into the perfected, ear of project attempted, which was started the western seaboard of ScotAlong under the direction of the dairy di, .. gling here and there as best it could corn. land the two most interesting animals before, the teosinte grass found It9 It was natures scheme of produc- are the' red deer and the Atlantic seaL vision of the Department of Agrlcul-- , multiplication ' problem made easier ing variations her apparently unal- They are both to be found peopling ture in 1906, and carried forward co--: operatively by. the department and through the multitude of pollen grains terable will to create no duplicates the western highland the stag , with state agricultural colleges. the now floating through the air. And so, that opened up to Mr. Burbank his his home on the sea-gihills, the seal One of. the first things corrected by slow degrees, it responded in Its opportunity to carry forward the evo- inhabiting the rocky islets where the was the poor feeding methods. new environment by bearing more lution of teosinte Into corn in componderous rollers thunder in majestic meal and hulls formed "the and bigger seed. ' As the seed kernels paratively few seasons.- In his experi- force over tne smooth-wor- n rocks. A of the ration; farmers had no basis increased in numbers and In size, the ments with the plant he produced more wild country It is, where the great Atcob that bore them grew in length. thuu ten thousand specimens on his lantic storms rush knowledge of balanced rations; silos across the Hebriwere few in number, and it was' not From two, the rows of kernels in- grounds. Among these thousands he des. and for weeks on end' the known creased to four, to six, to eight, to found some offspring which were an season of winter there is during ..generally that they could be scarce a built by farm labor. A few silos were fourteen. Here again the selfish mo- improvement over the parent plants,' breathing space between the tempests. erected in 1906 as tives of the savages served to help It was then simply a matter of con- No surf is too demonstrations, and heavy no sea nor storm the idea, to grow the plant in its adaptation for only tinued and Intensive application of too furious, for the began slowly in popgray seal. Its less. , the largest ears and those with the scientific methods of selection, from er relative, he brown or common seal, ularity. The value of silage compared with best kernels were saved for seed. So, season to season, until the final result rarely ventures far into the ocean hulls was "very striking, cottonseed under cultivation, the wild grass al- was achieved. are its haunts the sea lochs and commost disappeared, and in its place Teosinte has no rachis or cob like paratively sheltered waters, but here even in the days when hulls were only (here came, through adaptation, the other grains, but one kernel is piled the gray seal does not come. Its Joy, $4 or $5 a ton. A dairy farm near transformed Indian corn. Biloxi, Miss., where 40 tons of silage on the next below, the kernels, when is to feel the swirls of the tide-rior, were fed instead of cottonseed hulls, This, in brief, summarizes Mr. Bur- ripe, falling apart. By a gradual evo- the battle with Its surf; diving swiftly! bank theory of the original evolu- lution a rachis and eventually a flat beneath, the larger vyaves ; reported, a saving of $250 for the winthe! treating 1. ; tion of (eoSInte into corn. How many and later a round cob was developed, lesser ones with ter. ; Seti contempt. centuries were required to bring about and this cob was finally covered with Gordon In Christian Science Monltea .From (a local standpoint, writes One of the federal agents of the dairy division, the establishing of dairying in the districts of MississipDr. his Heinrich Dr. in from abode the Goldberg, Goldberg CAVE DWELLERS ARE OUSTED colonys leader, of the greatest pi has been one the Cave of Zarathustra Issued circulars achievements. Anyone argued before a magistrate, that acquainted with was a simple solution of discussing the Nietzschean philosophy, the despondency of farmers In 1912 Berlin Police Disperse Dr. Goldbergs experiment the housing and cost of living prob- anarchy, communism, the faults of the in southern Mississippi, and who was Followers, Who Had Discarded lems. present civilization, and asking the enabled later to see the change , Their Clothing. wrought The cave dwellers began by discard- rent weary and the work worn to by the dairy cows, will agree that watch this grow. colony for dairying is well founded Berlin. The colony of cave dwell- ing hats and shoes, but soon decide! to Somebody spoiled the experiment by, in a region that-waers of Berlin, which took the back to do away with clothing altogether, and floundering for nine means of a ' livelihood, now the land doctrine so literally that In this fashion disported themselves complaining that the brotherhood was scores of men, women, boys and girls in the waters of the Spree or sat having a deleterious effect upon pubhanged to a country in which the ariiiers are supplying whole roiikfqi dug caves for themselves in the banks about their cave doors munching black lic morals and calling attention to the ' ew Orleans and other points. Thil of the Spree just out of Berlin and bread and sausages, apparently oblivi- doctors career, which, was said to :1ns good methods are being lsed. discarded all1 modern wearing apparel, ous to the crowds of sightseers which have included efforts to reform Eng- - ' land, Russia and Poland. has been dispersed by the police. The began to frequent the vicinity. , rt ' - . - j - . And-whe- - three-quarte- - . . . rt f- - : ' il - , 3. ...- v:.. f- . : i i.. : V a., ..u: tii :. 'v. ; - ; r "t.- - i. , j ' 7 y - ' t J; J' :'...'' y V5 , . :n ' 'i- . . . , ) ' |