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Show The Cache American, Iajre Two Igan. Cache County, Utah ON THE Australians Much Like Folks Back Home, Americans Discover Servicemen Mingle With Aussics in Fun, Sports and Worship Ily ELLIOTT PINEVaUm. lttae4 by W.eforw Newspaper About the time the Jamestown settlers were setting sail for Virginia, a Spanish navigator was exploring the strait bearing his name that separates New Cuinea from Auswas tralia. The sea captain 1G0G. the and year Torres, This was the beginning of definite knowledge of the great island known as Australia. In 1942 this strange land was rediscovered by men Jamestthose from stemming own colonists an expeditionary force of the U. S. army. Until lli war with Japan broke, Americana knew little and probably cared lesi about Auatralla. Aa one writer put It, "A vast bond of Ignorance united American and Australians. But war hn changed all that Now many thousands of soldier from the State" have met thousands of Australian, have eaten at their tabid, drunk In their public houses, danced and played In their Comforts" (USO to us), and wor"Aua-ales- " shiped In their churchea. The turned out to be very much like the folks back home. This la not remarkable, after all, for Australian! are largely of British atock English, Scotch, Irish, Welsh, with smaller number! of other peoples represented. They are generally tall, sturdy. Independent people much like Americana of the Western states, with much of the lame forthrightness and friendliness characteristic of a people close to pioneer days. While most of the 7.000,000 Australians live In ciUes on the coasts, they are a rugged, outdoorsy folk. For instance. In their army training camps there are oo cots provided for enlisted men they sleep on the ground Roughing It" Is a sort of fetish partly making a virtue of necessity, partly an Inheritance from tougher days, when survival depended on endurance. Appear While Australian cities like Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane and Adelaide are modern enough, smaller to places appear a bit American eyes the architecture belongs to a generation or more ago. Such comforts as central heating plants and electric refrigerators are not so common as in the States. Because the climate Is mild, they get along without much heating, but the summers are warmer too, so the absence of refrigeration is surprising, considering that the Australians are a mechanically minded and practical people. At all events, the furnishings and equipment of the homes look pretty crude to Americans. But the Australian tells himself, and probably the nearest Yank, that ne just cant be bothered with too much comfort. The Aussies were amazed, and perhaps a bit envious when they saw the army equipment that came with the U. S. first contingent all 1 as aa have had here. Beside that, th soil and climate r harder to contend with than In moat of tho United State. An Arid Country. Most of the big Island Is desert and poor scrubby grazing land. Out of 3.000,000 square miles (almost ex actly th lire of continental United States), over a million miles la real desert stone and sand and salt flat that is entirely out of the question for any purpose at present AnoUv er million miles grows scanty vegetation sufficient to support the hardy sheep for which th nation Is fa mous. The really good farm land comprises an area about the size of the three slatei of the Pacific coast Oregon, Washington and California Only one region In the south Is tropical enough to grow bananas, pineapples and such exotic plants. Early settlers found that their wheat dried out and died in the heavy reddish soil, but a new hard variety called "Federation" la resistant to drouth and rust, and is yielding welt The acreage of wheat As might be expected, many American servicemen found their hearts desire In Anstralia. One soldier was married two weeks after he landed to a girl he met on the locks. Somewhat more formal was this wedding in Onr Lady of Lourdes church in Armadale, Anstralia, In which Chief Petty Officer Lowell Body and Miss Alice Drew were wnited. Attendants are Petty Officer Waldo Gustafson, also of the U. S. navy, and Miss Lila Drew, bridesmaid lustice Is Sole Principle much complaint Theyre a tougt breed, after alL On the social side, the American! and Australians get along prett) well, considering the aelf esteem ant pugnacity on both aides. After thi Yanks and Aussies had fought to Relief and Rehabilitation Program Claims grther a few times, the bond of bat Support of Congressmen Noted for ties shared united the comrades it arms. Americana wera instructed Internationalist Viewpoint. beforehand In getting along and bo having nicely, and It appears that most of them are doing ao. The Aua By BAUKIIAGE tralians, who are grateful for th fi'run Analyst and Commentator. timely succor, are acting aa hosts and alliea should. spelling out what WNC Service. Unloa Trust Building up resolution There Is of course some grumwould be done under the agreement C. D. Washington, bling among the Aussies about tha Since they knew the bitterness While the bomba ara bursting over Yanks snatching away their girls. and controversy which grew out of Th famous American "line" goes Europe, It is pretty hard to think the unpaid war loans of the last over pretty well too, and the cer of postwar activitiei. America juat war, one prim purpose is to achieve tain awe that most foreigners feel doesnt like to do it. Furthermore, their aim without running up a lot toward Americana helps to make it is perfectly natural that, after our of uncollectible debts. In other we when In laat war, the an impression. Then the higher pay experience we words, they got down to brass tacki scale of the U. S. army givei our talk about "relief for Europe, and decided that their effort to remen more spending money, and they feel we dont want to play th role store normalcy in the world should probably ahow the girls a bettet of "Uncle Sap again. be accomplished on a very simple time than the native boys do. AusThe one organization which has principle of justice. They divided up tralian girls aay that Americans gone ahead with very definite, the world into two categories. First, delimited plana for civil- those who have enough of the things treat them as equals and are more courteous than their own men folks ian International activity, 1 the needed to feed and clothe and bouse who are following traditional beha United Nation Relief and Rehabilitheir people, and those who don't. navlor that Is "out of date In Amer- tation administration. Forty-fou- r Then there is another division beica. tions have combined to set up this tween those who. while they dont In New Zealand, where the situa- organization and finance its work. have the basic resources, neverthe-les- a tion parallels that in Australia pretty have the money to pay for The United States' part In this orthem. closely, a member of the parliament ganization has the specific authorizaIntroduced a resolution asking the tion of Congress. But it never could All of the nationa which have U. S. army to reduce the pay of our have had this backing if it hadn't enough to take care of their own soldiers, because the local chappies been for the wholehearted coopera- people are to contribute 1 per cent were being put to shame when it tion of certain men In Congress of their national Income as of the came to free spending. Nothing whom nobody by the greatest year ending June 30, 1943. came of it, but It shows how some stretch of imagination could label at Those nations like France and and Belgium and Norway of them fccL Holland them of One internationalists. to Love Cornea to U. 8. Soldiers. responsible for the un- and others which have been able largely Many Americana have found ro- opposed authorization by congress get gold or other wealth away from mance In the big island. Only lately for the $1,350,000,000 which is Amer- the Axis robbers and into Allied or for 900 Australian women, brides and icas contribution to the UNRRA neutral countries expect to pay finances of American soldiers, land- fund was Sen. Arthur 1L Vanden-berthe supplies they get. ed in San Francisco, and began to Those countries which have no a member of the foreign readjust themselves to their new borne lations committee, who cannot be foreign trade or credit balance land. Many other brides are staying described as an "Internationalist. abroad will receive supplies and over there until the war ends. Some He supported UNRRA In this way services to bring their people up to a rather stern standard of living soldiers plan to remain in Australia after a long and careful consultaPrime Minister Curtin recently stat- tion with the State department con- and get normal daily life started ed that be wished that as many as cerning the administrations obliga- again. The supplies contributed will 200,000 Americans would settle In tions which the United States had to be put into regular business chanhis country. It la not reported bow accept if it joined this body of 44 nels and most of the people who the average Australian fellow feels nations. Vandenberg was supported get them will pay In their own about this proposition. Until lately by representatives of the delegation money. Of course, this money would Australia, Hke all frontier countries, from Ohio, among others, a middle have no value outside of the counhad a large preponderance of males, western state not noted for inter- try involved. It would, however, How kindly the Aussies take to addi- national tendencies. have value within the country and we will say In tional competition for their women I asked a member of the UNRRA UNRRA would take, case of Greece, drachmas for and their jobs is not revealed. staff why he thought these people the Australian girls are rather bigger were convinced that the United the supplies delivered. than American girls, our soldiers States ought to take part in this No Big Payroll say. They are athletic and healthy humanitarian movement which alThose drachmas would be spent and interested in sports such as though it proclaimed within the country and will help swimming and tennis. Their endur- aims might naturally be doubted carry out the principle which Govance on the dance floor is a marvel by the cynicaL ernor Lehmann has laid down that to husky Americans, who are often who has read the limita- UNRRA itself will not develop a big Nobody hard put to keep up. They want to tions which this organization has payroll. It will help the people to learn the latest American steps. upon itself could have the help themselves. Let me give you placed They enjoy American slang. crust to oppose it, was his answer. an example: On the other hand, there is The Greeks havent enough food. British conservatism in so- Selling Point Their various public utilities are cial life throughout Australia. Many At that moment, I took this rather smashed to they have no forms of amusements are closed on categorical statement with a grain shoes to walk pieces, on, their hospitals and Sunday. The churches exert more of salt Later, after talking with other health institutions have been influence there than many Ameri- Morse Salisbury, who is well known destroyed or disintegrated. All right can communities. a few over the air to many of the readers UNRRA will set down a certain Only months ago, for Instance, clergy- of this column and all of the listen- number of pairs of shoes in Greece men of all denominations were pro- ers to the "Farm and Home Hour, it will set down a certain amount testing against hasty marriages be- I must admit I was sold. of food, a certain amount of clothtween Americans and Australian Morse Salisbury gave up an lm ing, a certain amount of machinery carried portant position in the department and other supplies that will be paid girls. The remonstrance considerable weight. of agriculture which he had held for in drachmas which are nothing While Australians play our brand through various administrations to more than pieces of paper as far as of baseball, they do so only to keep handle the public relations for the rest of the country is conin condition for football in the off- UNRRA under former governor of cerned, but which have a cash value season. And football to them is a New York Herbert Lehmann, its ad In Greece. special game of their own, unlike ministrator. I broke in on him when They will take those drachmas American football or English rugby. he was puzzling over the question of and hire personnel, people who will It is a fast game with much kick- an emblem or flag or a designation arrange to load the supplies into ing, leaping and running. Eighteen for UNRRA somebody thought It trucks at the ports where UNRRA men play on each side. ought to have a distinguishing in- sets them down and handle the disCricket is the national game as in signia but he was unconvinced and tribution of food and clothing other British countries. Americans then he said something to me which through the agencies within the found it is not as slow as they had is important to remember. country; they will do the dirty work "Here is one governmental insti- of rebuilding the waterworks and been led to believe. Tennis and governmental in the sense electric light plants, the public golf are popular. Horse racing used tution to be a national passion, but war- that 44 nations are backing it schools and other buildings necestime stringencies have closed most which, instead of wishing to per- sary for an ordered life. Thus emtracks. petuate itself, as most bureaucratic ployment will be furnished out of units are said to do, has for its chief the nations own wealth. The Future. This is a very brief attempt to How much greater Australia can aim self liquidation. Like the boys become depends on many factors. in the front lines, it wants to get show how UNRRA works but as I sat in the Du Pont building on ConThe great areas of desert and semi-ari- d the job done and then quit. The object of UNRRA is to do necticut avenue and heard Mr. land is unfavorable to extension of agriculture without great ir- what It can to resolve to normalcy Salisbury, who is one of the most government offrigation projects. Forest resources the chaos produced by the war and practical-mindeicials with whom I have dealt in are inadequate for much lumber- then quit. For that reason, former Gover- my 30 years experience in WashingThe minefal ing or paper-makinresources have not been exploited nor Lehmann has set as one of his ton, detail UNRRAs activities, I beobjectives the keeping of the numgan to feel quite an emotional upvery much yet, and offer considerable promise. There is a good deal of ber of administrative employees surge. Salisbury may have felt it manufacturing, but the heavy Indus- down to the absolute minimum. Ill too but, of course, he wouldnt show have more to say about that later, it any more than I would since both tries need further development. Unless the population increases first just a very brief summary of of us are laconic I said: "Isnt this whole idea an considerably, the commonwealth what UNRRA has set as its objeccannot expect to become a great na- tive, how It hopes to obtain the ob- historical innovation? He replied: tion. Postwar years may see con- jective, as set forth in its "Well, yes. But dont think the 44 siderable migration to this country, "bible," containing the official state- member nations are laying any still a frontier land with real oppor- ment of the resolutions of the pattern for postwar planning in tunities. Perhaps many Europeans organization. This is the document UNRRA. They have created here an will try their luck there. Enough which I was told if anyone read he organization of a purely transitional American soldiers may decide to would not have the crust to oppose nature. Its merely an attempt on the part of the nations which have settle there to set the pace, and to the UNRRA program. On November 9, 1943, the repreattract other Americans In years to something to offer to provide it. If come. On the other hand, Australia sentatives of these 44 nations met the others can pay for the food and may not be much more interesting in the White house and signed an clothing and other things they get, to most people after the war than it agreement to cooperate in bindthey are willing to pay for it ing up the wounds of war. Later, If they cant, the contributing nawas before. they met in Atlantic City and drew tions are going to get it to them." Guiding Steps of UNRRA -- ly g, I V-- -' ) .a - '' .$.. ' - . 3 T . .) ! . . ' h xeV, it t - '"ji , ji I t. . "Roughing It seems to be a lark for these two American army nurses, who are stationed somewhere In Australia. Lieut. Frances Cox la getting a shampoo from a bucket of cold water, with the assistance of Lieut Lily Fncct has been almost doubled by the In- vention of the Stumpjump plow, adapted to the rough bush country. The manpower shortage Is even more severe on Australian than American farms, since 913,000 men are in the armed forces, and drain on the male population equivalent to an American military mobilization of 17,000,000 (ours is actually about now). Another 600,000 men are working in factories, as are many thousands of women. To make matters worse, Australian farms are not as highly mechanized as are American, so manpower does not go as far. For these reasons food is a bit scanty. Vegetables that require a lot of hand cultivation are scarce. Even potatoes are hard to get, and are largely requisitioned for troops. Oranges are another thing civilians rarely see. Jams and jellies are real luxuries, too. Give Their Steaks to Yanks. As part of the reciprocal lend-leas- e program, Australia is trying to provide food for American troops, and is doing a successful job at it, but the home folks have to pull in their belts a bit. In meat, for instance, civilians have had to reduce their consumption by two thirds. (They used to eat 124 pounds a year: U. S. consumption is 95 pounds.) Since Australia is a meatexporting country in normal times, it can be inferred how much of a pinch the war is putting on the livestock industry. Added to their other difficulties was a "beef from the Americans that they were getting too much mutton and not enough beef. So the Australian home folks had to forego their steaks almost entirely, and turn them over to the Yanks. The equivalent of Victory gardens are "Austerity gardens in AustraA baby wallaby, which is a small lia. These are not only small plots in vacant land, but window boxes ipecies of kangaroo, Is the pet of Pvt. Albert Mlnarik of Milwaukee, and tubs. The need for small vegetables is real enough for many truck (Vis. He calls It "Jasperoo Demp-efarms are not in production this year. Canned goods have disapthe gadgets from kitchen mixing peared from the markets. "Austerimachines to movie projectors for an ty" is the name for getting along army on war duty. If this is what without a lot of things, like spices, tn American army in the field takes tea, malted milk, chocolate candy along, what must the civilians at and so on. The gasoline allowance Home have, reflected the natives. is four gallons a month. Cigarettes Down under The farms dont are limited to a pack a day (10 measure up so well beside American in a pack). Matches are very standards either. Baras and other scarce. Laundry and dry cleaning buildings have a patchy, ramshackle services are available only once in appearance, in sorry contrast to the two weeks. Traveling is restricted; is closed down; liquor trim handsome appearance of ev- horse-racin- g erything on many American farms. is scarce. Clothes have to be made All this is explained, perhaps not over, repaired, and made to last. too convincingly, by the statement With the war right at their back that Australians have had only about doors, the Australians are taking half as long to conquer their country these privations in stride without y. HOME FRON RUTH WYET.H SPEARS most versatile bird. HAPPY isaa little over 13 Inchea high and her ducklings are about eight inches high. You may cut her and the babies out of scraps of wood for toys, weather vanes or to add an amusing touch to your lawn or garden- - Happy and the duck- - lings also make a jolly wall decoration for kitchen, bathroom or childrens room. Anyone who likes needlework will immediately see the possibilities for a quick and effective applique design for a child's quilt with white or yellow ducks splashing on a blue background, bright orange bills and feet and a flowered border all around the pond. 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