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Show War in South Africa From First to VTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYTTYTYYTTTTTTTTTYTTTTTTTTTJ t, -- 7 j SmuuAiiuuuiiimuuiuuiUiiimuuiuiit p. T. EARNUM RECOMMENDED Hoar Otis Skinner HIM EDUCATION II ii First Secured Theatrical Engagement. .When Otis Skinner was a youth he made many vain efforts to secure a theatrical engagement. Finally he obtained this letter from P. T. Bar-nuwho was a warm triend of his father: To Whom It May Concern: The bearer is seeking employment. I know his father, and, therefore, recommend him as an honest and trustworthy young man, P. T. Barnum. This he inclosed in his next reply to an advertisement for a utility man. I The response to the same- - was: dont know whether I am engaging the father or son, but report Monday morning at the Philadelphia museum. Thus Mr. Skinner secured his first engagement, and he still keeps the two letters as among his most highly valued treasures. CAREER OF BISHOP J- - IS HER Conduct Woman Who American Girls College at CoratantlnopU a ' The first woman in the history o' the Congregational church to receiva the degree of bachelor of divinity ia Miss Florence A. Fensham of Constantinople, upon whom the honor M. THOBURN Distinguished Clergyman Who Has Spent a Lifetime in the Orient. Bishop James Mills Thoburn, who has just given important testimony about the Philippines to the senate committee, has spent a lifetime in the was recently conferred in Chicago, after she had taken a course in the Chicago Theological Beminary. Miss Fensham is a native of East While young she Douglas, Mass. moved with her family to Albany, N. Y. She received her education at Cornell and Harvard, subsequently studying at the University of Edinburgh and at Oxford University, England. After her Oxford course she went to Constantinople, where she occupied the chair of Biblical literature and comparative religion in the American college for girls, an institution founded by Americans. She now holds the important position of dean of the college, and when she Teturns to the Turkish capital, next August, she will also assume the duties of chaplain. FIRST WOMAN IN LAWYER TEXAS Edith Locke Has Been Admitted to the Bar In That State. Mrs. Edith Locke, the first woman to be admitted to the practice of law ia the state of Texas, was formerly a Mrs. orient as a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has been missionary bishop of India and Malaysia since 1888 and is thoroughly familiar with the peoples of the extreme East The bishop is a native of Ohio and is 66 years old. Early Dari of MaroonL Gugilielmo Marconi, the eminent electrician, owe3 much of his success to his mother, by whom he is always accompanied on his travels. Signora Marconi was born Annie Jameson and was a daughter of John Jameson, the famous Dublin distiller. While com pletlng her musical education in Italy she met and married Giuseppe Mar coni, a young Italian of good family, From the birth of hor elder son the signora devoted herself to his training. When a mere boy he took a deep interest in electricity. ic IRA D.SANKEY NOW A PRESBYTERIAN resident of Chicago, where she had numerous and admirers, friends went to Calitwo she About ago years a created D. has who Ira Sankey, sensation in religious circles by de fornia, and subsequently to Texas, where her father, George E. Wood, is n a attorney. Mrs. Locke is only 29, but is possessed of an unusually mature and capable mind, She will not allow her work as an attorney to interfere with her care of the interesting twins of which she is the mother. of the Lata Dwight Famous L Moody Rononocot Method la III. well-know- ALGERIAN PRINCES3 Typleil Oriental IN AMERICA Beaety and an Young Woman- Princess Torquia of Algiers, Africa, who is traveling Incognito in America as "Mile. Torquia and who has been eompllihed ertlng his old love, the Methodist church, to become a member of the lately entertained by the society people of Boston, is a typical oriental beauty and one of the most accomplished young women who have ever visited this country. Not yet 24, she is highly educated in art and in lan Avenue Presbyterian Lafayette church of New York, came into fame of the late Dwight L. a a Moody. Mr. Sankey was born in Law rnce county, Pennsylvania, in 1840 and at 15 he united with the Methodist church and was made a choir leader at Newcastle. He has published seV' oral collections of sacred Bongs and sacred music. Senator TIUmaa as a Speaker. An observer who has just returned from & visit to Washington says that one must have kinetoscope pictures of 8enator Tillman in action in order to appreciate one of his speeches. His facial expression and gestures would help wonderfully. Sometimes he will stop suddenly as though at a loss for a word. Then the exact expression comes with explosive force and it almost sems as ftiough he had it all the time and only waited for a moment of silence to triumphantly utter it. Some of his sentences are curiOusfy picturesque. Rival of Panl Lawrence Dunbar. Rev. James D. Corrothers of Red Bank, N. J., is a rising young poet whose verse resembles that of Paul Lawrence Dunbar. His ancestors were He Indian, negro and Anglo-Saxowas blacking shoes in New York when discovered by Henry Demarest Lloyd, who helped him to an education. Mr. Corrothers believes that poets should have the right to perform marriaga ceremonies, being most truly the high priests of men and needing the fees. n. , of the Transvaal government to allow the foreign element of the population to have a voice in public affairs, and a like refusal to continue in force certain railway and other public utility franchises, controlled mostly by British subjects. But the indirect cause was a culmination of unsatisfactory conditions extending over a period of almost a century. From the first the Boers, Dutch farmers of the Cape, were always in trouble. Their uncompromising spirit led them still farther afield and into strife with the natives. The relations of the white men to the black caused the first friction between the British administration and the old settlers. With Kruger in office the Boers began, in defiance of treaty obligations, a series of movements that necessitated a British expedition to drive them out of Bechuanaland, Goshen and Stellaland, at a cost of a million or so to the British taxpayer. Naturally the British hold up these Boer raids, in defiance of treaty obligations, as an offset to the Jameson raid. From this time the new Transvaal Republic" set out on the path of independence that ultimately led to the war. Gold was discovered in the Transvaal in 1886. It was a field for elaborate machinery and for immense capital. These were furnished by the ultlanders, drawn from every race under the sun, but with the Anglo-Celtvastly predominant. The mining centers like Johannesburg became full of varied life and afforded a strong contrast to the Dutch, headquarters. These ultlanders largely outnumbered the original inhabitants of the Transvaal. They were heavily taxed and badly used and they deafened Great Britain with their cries. There was not a wrong which had driven the Boer from Cape Colony that he did not now practice on others. A wrong in 1835 might have been excusable; in 1895 it was monstrous. In short, the Boers could not stand the lust for gold. Their primitive virtue vanished. The farmers were still untouched by the new greed, but the corrupt oligarchy at Pretoria, with Its nepotism, its accepting of bribes for valuable franchises, its dynamite monopoly, its crowd of greedy Hollanders who handled the stream of gold extorted by way of taxation from the miners, gave an exhibition of venality and corruption in the last degree abd horrent to all and impartial observers. The uitlander was compelled to pay s of the taxation; was .ced at every turn and laughed at to the bargain. If he wanted a vote he had to reside in the country fourteen years and then he might make application, which had to be signed of the inhabitants of by three-fourthis district and receive the assent of the raad. Even then he was not admitted to first-clacitizen privileges. Other grievances too numerous to mention were rankling the uitlander standing quarrel between Briton and Boer was bound to be settled by the arbitrament of the sword. The atmosphere had to be cleared. The Boers felt that and were determined, as President Kruger himself said in 1887, 'to take their place among the great nations of the world. After long parley, the Boers still refusing British terms for the uitlanders and President Kruger and his burghers showing everv sign of impatience, President Steyn of the Free State called out his burghers in arms. British kept pouring into the country and the British army reserves were called out On Oct 9, 1899, the Transvaal sent the British government an ultimatum for the withdrawal of the British troops from the borders of the republic and the withdrawal of the Within forty-eighours after this message, the British answer not suiting the burghers, the Boer troops Invaded British territory and the war began Oct 11, 1899. The Boers rode to war on Oct. 12. It was estimated by themselves that between the two republics, the foreigners and the Cape Colony rebels there were 75,000 burghers in the field. The British had chosen to defend Natal and its coal mines from sentimental reasons. They found out the folly of their undertaking. Talana hill was the first battle between the enemies. The British went at the hill in frontal charge and took it with considerable loss.. The Boers were again defeated at Elandslaagte, but with increasing numbers they won a strategic victory, the British being forced into Ladysmith, a village in the plain surrounded by hills, from which the Boers bombarded the 10,000 British troops within the circle. At the same time Gen. Cronje was who was besieging Maj. Baden-Powel- l, shut up in Mafeking with a few British officers and a few hundred villagers whom he trained to defend themselves. Another large force of Boers was besieging Kimberley, attracted thither Dun-donal- d ht LOCATION Or NEW BOER REPUBLICS. right-minde- Hue-tenth- ss bosom In the "Jameson raid" occurred to help the Johannesburg uitlandera in their struggle. The uitlanders did not rise; Jameson and his handful of followers were captured by the Boers and after much parley released, The Free State had been established as a republic by Great Britain much against the will of its burghers, who had even sought and obtained compensation for the withdrawal of the protecting power of the British. They were not threatened in any way. Even their alliance with the Transvaal guages. She is an excellent musician, a splendid contralto singer, and can converse fluently in English, Italian, Spanish, French, Algerian, Arabic and other languages of Europe and Asia. School Teacher with a Record. Miss Mayme Z. Boyer, teacher of a school at Pleasant Grove, near Birds-borPa., walked 700 miles to and from school during the last term. The distance from her home to the school building is two and a half miles, and this she walked daily to and from her home during the school term of seven months. The trip was made in sunshine and rain, and even the snow-fille- d roads did not keep the plucky schoolmistress from her post. Miss Boyer has an excellent voice and is the holder of a silver medal which she won in an oratorical contest o, DISCOVERIES AND INVEN- Rift on Man- - j0, c Despite the remarkable Co.. to knowledge given recently Holden in the question conditions 0n Mars, no less a H?1 Prof. Perclval Lowell coated to the last number of Popular omy a labored, detailed pper in the polar of that ber of the solar system. every reason to believe that flu' perature on Mars Is very fo bly somewhere between loo aM degrees below zero Fahrenheit 1 term Tce,5 meaning frozen ridiculous as applied to this receives but half the quam?. heat that cornea to the earth?, no atmosphere to retain it ai The result of this is that tures are appallingly low. believed that frozen carbonic uu is what causes the iceJi on Mars. TIONS OF IMPORTANCE. ' Machine to Facilitate Work of The map shows the approximate position of the two wh' have been organized by the Boers in districts remote fromrepublics Pretoria a British Interference. The new governments, one of which takes in a pli of German territory, have organized, Piet de Villairs being president of of republic Sangeberg and Commandant Beyers of the government esti lished in 'the northern end of the Transvaal, the name of which is i contained In the dispatch from London which told of the formation of i republics. Former Ltrft Land Owner In Wanfe A - s form of amusement in the open air. politics. I t J Boat for Land nod Wator International Telephone System Bulkhead Boors ice-cap- a Machine for Engravera No small degree of skill must be attained before a pattern can be copied correctly enough to be of commercial value In the engraving or drawing trade, and it is possible that the machine here illustrated may find a wide field in the copying of patterns for this class of work. The inventor, J. H. Martin of Roanoke, Va., claims for it the capacity to copy a depattern exactly, or to increase or or crease its size either in length Aja' d Improved f An interesting experiment it nection with submarine fog has been carried out at Egg Lynn, England. A bell was hnu below a buoy, moored la fathoms of water, and was atrnw electricity from the Egg Roclriu? house, where a power-housk lished. By means of such signaling it is stated tat a placing an ear against a rod heal contact with the hull of a vesM , able to hear the bell fro three i five miles away; in face, itliheW' that the ringing of the bell cr J t,. e breadth or both, making it possible to change the copy of a letter, for Instance, in height or width without desthe symmetrical outlines troying found in the original. The apparatus is practically an Im- proved pantograph with provision for securing the work in position to be operated on by the engraving or drawing tools. The base of the machine is preferably a heavy metal block, supporting the vertical post on which the frame is pivoted. One arm of the frame carries the tracer which follows the pattern, with a second arm, at the rear of the first, supporting the engraver. To vary the dimensions of the copy the frame is provided with a yoke near its pivot, in which two parallel rods are clamped by a lever, the release of the lever allowing horizontal movement in either direction to lengthen or shorten the radius of the circle In which the tool travela. heard at a distance miles. of ten . or t Boat for Land and tile, many beaches which are it is impossible to launch tboi the land unless the passee& out or the boat is pushed out' and it is to overcome tUif stacle that the apparatus shown lit drawing has been designed by 8is T. Brittain of Boston, Man. On level from wade hand, this contrivance the passengers a enter the boat and be driven akmgtg beach into the water, and whenlu launched the same apparatus vi; accomplished the work is used tog pel the boat through the water. The Meed of Mew In Teal lono. Any ordinary form of motor ledt teems home and workshop Every being geared by chains to the mm man with profitable suggestions to the shown in the rear of thn kt. tus with open eyes and mind. In a recent This consists of a gear wheel it number of Everybodys Magazine, the concave face secured in a rigid jt possibilities pf inventing new pro- with a tilting post carrying a sets cesses and new machines, as the rewheel, meshing in the Hut; sult of such observation is clearly gear second chain connects the latter s brought out wheel to the propelling wheel f The cost of refining kerosene oil Is either end of the shaft carrying t n ei r L t t from the despised sludge paid acid which formerly fouled our rivers and harbors. The waste of the slaughter house brings in almost as much as ths flesh of the animals killed. Nature has waste products still waiting for use. Prairie wire grass was once one of these. Nowadays it is used in the manufacture of furniture and furnishings. Cornstalk pith is made into fillings for warships hulls to close holes made by an eneto-da- y mys shells. , Somebody should come along and invent a substitute for elastic Para rubber. Celluloid and oxidized linseed oil are fair substitutes for some purposes, but nothing apparently has yet been found that posseses the true elastic properties of India rubber. There is still nothing like leather for rear gear wheel is a yoks extend shoes, but an Inventor may find a sub- forward and ending in a handle wtt ' stitute to his profit serves to turn the propeller after I manner of a rudder. In order that! An Indiana Scarecrow. driving wheel may serve as a proi, ler in the water It Is fitted vltb In designing the aptan paratus shown in the accompanying series of pivoted blades which rotiS cut Alexander C. Davis of Lafayette, right angles to the plane of nnt Ind., seeks to provide an inexpensive during the lower half of their animated scarecrow, adapted to be op- tion. To accomplish this a de&a erated by the wind, to flash beams of is attached to the side of the W sunlight or lamplight over a field and which throws the blades out dot frighten away any bird or animal bent half of the revolution and thMff The device can be turns them as they pass through on depredation. i mounted on a post at a convenient fork. place and serves to frighten hawks, v crows and other birds In the daytime Improved Bulkhead Doom and owls and other rodents at night In the express steamer Kronjn It consists of a fixed frame of any Wilhelm of the North German Ul desired shape, open on two sides for Steamship Company, the lower P the free passage of the wind, with a of the bulkheads are equip lamp In each end of the frame for throughout with a system of ml night use and a central revolving tight doors which may he contrail wheel which carries a number of mir- either from the bridge of the shift rors to reflect the light across the from the bulkhead itself. The syM field it is desired to protect The was Invented by Prof. Dorr, and flanges on the blades are shaped to company states that it will equip i catch the wind on one side only, and of its steamships with this syitea even a slight air current will set the demonstration was recently given wheel In motion. Any ordinary lamps board the Kronprinz Wilhelm, vk or lanterns may be used, those shown all of the twenty doors below ths ter line were closed from the MC , f v light-throwin- g Discover Unknown Germs 4 Dr. F. W. Hutchison, a well-t,- . English scientist, is at present mitt a series of balloon ascents from Is ' don and vicinity, with a view to termine the nature of the bacilli habiting the upper regions of tho mosphere. So far the results to been satisfactory, and many hills' unknown species oi germs have hC discovered. ; cm tow Halo Battle, in fire apparaA sad story 13 that of the misforCorsets for men are now a stable tus has recently been tried with suc- tunes of Eulagio de Celis of Los An- commodity in New York. The Introcess at Pittsburg, Pa. It consists of geles, Cal., once owner of leagues of duction of bustles for mens use is a telescopic ladder, capable of being land in the San Fernando valley. The however, a novelty. This fashion extended to a length of 85 feet, and sometime land baron, whose herd3 finds Justification In the military sack worked by means of compressed air. covered the valley as far as one could coat The side seams are vented at The ladder is attached to a heavy see, is now blind, poor and suffering, the bottom and the coat itself is cut truck carrying an air tank. The lad- with a helpless family dependent upon so as to flare. Hence, unless the der can be directed at a particular him. Re is even threatened with evic- wearer and the jacket lg window or other place in a burning tion from the little house In which he among the most military fashions popular for summei-b- e building that it is desired to reach. lives. Doubtless much of his misforequipped with sufficient A fireman lashed to the end of the tune is due to extravagance and lack hip development properly to swing the ladder is shot up with it and rescued of business sense, but in this he simcoat an unsightly appearance is propersons need not clamber down, as the ply shares the common failing of his duced. For the benefit of men who want to wear these coats but haven't ladder can be quickly lowered with race. Generous to a fault, hospitable, them on it careless of the morrow, nearly all the the proper hip development the hip old Spanish California landowners Improvers are provided. EaglUh Queen Btlll Toothful. have ended their days in poverty, Prlaeo Cos Not Be Candidate. Though but three years younger The general opinion throughout Gerthan her husband, Queen Alexandra of while many of the men whom they to enrich refuse to give them a many is that It is impossible for England would easily pass for . his helped dollar In their days of want Prince Henry of Prussia to accept the and daughter, King Edward does not proposition of the Lubeck radicals, look very old at that Alexandra came whose plan is for all middle-clasIn. BootevalFs Garden Parties. parof parents who long retained their juGarden parties have been inaugurat- ties to unite In the candidacy of venility, while his majestys mother ed by Mrs. Roosevelt much to the Prince Henry for the relchstag at the and father were forced by pressing gratification of the who may next general election. Prince Henry president state and family cares to take an early be depended upon always to favor any has never taken part in his countrys leave of youth. A German invention LATEST f 1895 a foolish undertaking Zola Writing Another Novel. Zola is in Jerusalem collecting material for a novel. Since his exile after Cuban Flag! In Demand, the Dreyfus affair influential members The Southern Pacific steamers runof the Jewish race have been offering every service which could be of use to ning from New Orleans to Havana rehim In this book upon the Zionist port that the largest items In the exports from New Orleans to Cuba Just movement. now are Cuban flags. The number already sent there is enormous, enough Mach Pobllo Land Loft. to furnish several flags to every house It is reckoned that the United States in Cuba. The flags have been manugovernment owns enough arid land factured mainly in the eastern states west of the Rocky Mountains, If irriand yteTQ first used for decorative gated, to provide homes for the total purposes at the inauguratf of ''resent population of the country. dent Palma. - last. by the fact that Cecil Rhodes with customary gallantry had shut himself up along with his people to bear the brunt of the attack on the diamondmining companys property. A British column sent out of Ladysmith to Lombards kop was attacked by the Boers; its ammunition carried by mules lost in the stampede, its guns sharing the same fate. After a gallant defense the column surrendered. Meanwhile Lord Methuen was advancing to the relief of Kimberley. He was- - opposed by the Boers at every step and after fighting three fierce battles, gaining a few miles each time, was repulsed at Magersfontein, where he sat down to await the coming cf Lord Roberts. Gen. Buller had by this time arrived in the country with strong reinforcements and determined to relieve Ladysmith. To do this he advanced through Natal and took up a position on the Tugela river. The Boers moved down to defend the crossing and the British moved forward almost without reconnoissance. The consequence was that this foolish frontal, attack was repulsed with great los-:and worse than all the British battery of eleven guns taken by the Boers, the battery having advanced too close to the burghers concealed trenches. Another series of movements was then undertaken to drive the Boers out of the hills, but one attack after another failed. At last the vigor of the British attack made a way through Peters hill and Lord rode into Ladysmith February 28, 1900, after a siege of more than four months. Lord Roberts meanwhile had been pushing through the heart of the country with a large body of troops. He took over Methuens command and with the troops at his disposal began a series of flanking movements by means of which he sent Gen. French, the cavalry leader. Into Kimberley, compelling Cronje to retire with what speed he might. Cronje, however, was too slow, and along with 4,600 men and six guns surrendered at Paarde-ber- g on February 27, 1900. Lord Roberts, with his chief of staff, Lord Kitchener, pursued the retreating Boers through the Free State to Bloomfontein, which surrendered on March 13, the Boers retiring to Pretoria, which capital surrendered June 5, 1900. Gen. Brinsloo, with 3,348 men, surrendered to the British September 1, 1900; Kruger fled to Europe and Lord Roberts returned home to England. Lord Kitchener, by building a series of blockhouses, connected with barbed wire fences, succeeded then in driving the Boers out of a large stretch of territory, but Dewet, Delarey, Botha and others continued the hopeless warfare and even as late as on March 8, and 1902, captured Gen. Methuen broke up his column of 1,300 men in a night surprise. The Boers were dressed in British uniforms. The pursuit of the Boers still continued with considerable vigor and after the Dutch government had sought fruitlessly to offer to negotiate between the parties the Boers under acting President Schalk-Burge- r, perhaps moved by the British foreign ministers courteous reference to themselves and the fact that they realized that overtures for peace must come from the Boers in the field, as well as pressed hard by the British troops, sought permission to communicate with the other leaders with a view to arranging terms of surrender and peace. LIFE WORK distinctness of the message, ' loss of ume is noted in uginJU creased distance. WORK OF SCIENTISTS being partially protected by metallic hoods, which also serve as reflectors, with openings only on the sides toward the mirrors. When this scarecrow is In use at night It throws streams of light round and round the field, while in the daytime sudden flashes of light from the sun serve the same purpose. International Telephone System. Paris is the center of an international telephone wire net; its extreme ends are London, Hamburg. Berlin, and (in connection with the French-Italialine about to be opened) Turin and Milan. The line is the longest, with about 625 miles of wire. The line is about the same. The distance from Paris to Turin, measured by an air line, Is about 375 miles and that between Paris and Milan about 470 miles. But all these lines are eclipsed in length by that between Paris and Cologne, not by the direct line, but by Indirect connection, often rendered necessary by breaks in the other service. In such cases a person In Paris desiring to speak to Cologne la connected via Berlin. This roundabout way increases the wire distance about 875 miles, making the total distance about 1,000 miles. The Cologne Gazette states that this does not impair the n Paris-Berli- n Paris-Hambur- Meted Female Aitronoaxiv Mrs. Dorothea of San Franciiec ' the greatest of female astronomaa 1887 she won a place in the Paris 6 servatory in open competition fifty Frenchmen, and with five k elates all women she has for t last seven years been working p ! photographic map of the heavens j g Promote Use of Alcohol. Y Following out the efforts of German government to promote $ use of alcohol for technical purjc" that government has now offered I second and third prizes of 10,000, 1 and 2,000 marks (22,380, $1,190 $476) respectively, for the best wagons with alcohol motors. A Literal Interpretation. "Why do we say: Give us tbii our daily bread?' asked a Si school teacher after the lesson.' Because we want it fresh," swered a little girl. Little Chit' I i ; Mo Good, Kind Lady My dear man, yoM . as If you had a load on your l Prisoner I deceive me ioofcl ? ' mum, becuz I halnt techod Iicker M I bin In here. , , ! |