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Show FAE51 AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST AGRICULTURISTS. TO Pome Hint About Cultiva-tioof the soil aIld VielJ Thereof Jlortl, alture, iil.ulture ud Watr n lu Crops. water is sold ) by fanners thaa other it and a brings higher price in proportion to cost than any material known, a writer in Philadelphia Record says. Water is sold in so many forms, however, that its value varies daily. A crop of green clover contains 1,600 pounds of water per ton. and when a ton of dry clover hay Is hauled to market 200 pounds of the load consists of water. Every hundred pounds of milk sold contains 87 pounds of water, and the mixed stable manure which is spread on the fields Js more thaa water. No matter how dry oi wc.l cured the hay aid fodder crops may be, from the farmer's point of view, there will be water to haul that is contained in the plant. A ton of cured fodder contains 575 pounds of water, and even salt hay, which is usually apparently as dry as if passed through a kiln, contains over 300 pounds of water per ton. The farmer sells this water, and the more he can sell the larger his profit, as all nitrogenous and mineral matter taken from the soil by the plants is a direct loss unless the price at which the crop is sold is sufficiently large to reimburse the farmer for his loss of plant food, as well as afford him a profit. The greatest profit from the use of water as an ingredient of farm products is wnen the farmer grows su?h crops as beets, carrots, potatoes and turnips, as they can be utilized on the farm instead of entailing cost of transportation to market. While these crops contain a large amount of solid matter in proportion to the yield per acre, their chief value is in the water, as the water is a valuable aid to digestion and contains the nutritious matter in solution to a large extent; hence the water is not a useless substance which adds weight only, but is as desirable in the form in which it exists in the plant as the solid portions, but while the solid portions cost the farmer sometimes the water does not, and that is an important consideration which rnuat not The water in plants be overlooked. cannot be supplied artificially. Every one knows that there is a difference between green apples and apples that nave been dried and cooked in water, it is the same with vegetables and roots. We can dry them and render them juicy again by cooking them in water, but we cannot regain the condition in which the water existed in the plant before drying or evaporating it. It is more valuable than that which is supplied. Beets and carrots contain 1,800 pounds of water per ton. A crop of twenty tons of beets per acre denotes that the farmer has taken from that acre as a crop 36,000 pounds of water, and such a yield of beets is not a large one compared with results frequently obtained. Turnips, one of the 6taple crops of the farm, contain but little less water than beets or carrots, and potatoes are sold at good prices some years, although there is about pounds of water in every ton. The proportion of water in fruits is much greater, especially with grapes, strawberries, and cherries; in fact, water In fruits brings a higher price than is obtained for any material, as a box or. strawberries selling at 10 cents would allow less than one cent for the solid matter contained, leaving nine cents for the water. To secure this crop of water, however, the farmer will be compelled to use cars and judgment It comes from the clouds, it is true, but there are periods when the plant cannot etore it; hence the fruit and vegetables do not grow to perfection and the farmer will lose a portion of his crop of vater, while his land will have already given' up more than the proportionate supply of mineral matter. any eub-stanc- few. one-ha- lf m-t- er j reappear, use kerosene emulsion It plants are not heading. After heads form, use saltpetre for worms, a Ui-- j spoonful to a gallon of water, emulsion for aphides. This may be repeated If necessary. Tomatoes may be sprayed three times as follows: When first Iruits have set use bordeaux. If disease appears repeat or use weak copper sulphate solution. If necessary spray with weak copper sulphate solution. Never spray with arsenites while trees are in blossom, as the bees will be poisoned; they are necessary to fertilize the flowers. Bordeaux Mixture is the standard remedy for all fungous diseases. Use four pounds copper sulphate and four pounds of fresh lime to forty gallons of water. It is comparatively inexpensive, does not injure the most tender foliage if properly prepared, remains for a long time upou the plants and in fungicidal powers has few if any superiors. If a large quantity is to be med it is well to prepare a considerable amount of the materials so that they will only need to be mixed before using. The copper sulphate will dissolve readily if suspended in a barrel of water in a coarse sack or basket. By thus dissolving twenty-fou- r pounds in, say, thirty-si- x gallons of water, we shall have enough for six barrels of forty gallons each. The lime should ba slaked slowly, adding water only as fast as it is taken up. Twenty-fou- r pounds is all that is needed for the above amount of copper sulphate, but if it will be required within a week or two the entire barrel may be slaked at once. It will not deteriorate if kept covered with water. The above formula is adapted for use with most crops but it may be slightly modified. Thus for the second spraying of grapes the amount of water should be reduced to thirty gallons, and for most other crops it may be increased to fifty gallons after the second application, especially if they are made at frequent intervals. Insanity in Horse. Whether there are not some homes that are actually insane is a subject upon which opinions differ. On this question an English writer says: "I have little doubt but that in many cases where the horse shows sudden, unaccountable fits of ill temper, vice, or other demonstrations of strange conduct, that the cause is due to cerebral affection. Horses may become temporarily insane from certain forms of disease, such as, among others, the development of a tumor on the brain. Fits of unaccountable vice may occasionally be the result of organic changes in the brain matter, as in man, and not to normal mental disposition. I was recently told of a young foal which sometimes was subject to demonstrations of strange conduct, accompanied at intervals by what apHa was peared fits or convulsions. found to be suffering from water on the brain, otherwise hydrocephalus. He was operated upon surgically with a view to his relief, but even after he was broken-i- n " and became a he never afterwards wa3 trustworthy either under the saddle or in harness, consequently the owner parted with him. Singular to relate, both his dam and grandam were queer cattle, and at various times were subject to strange periodical aberrations of conduct. In the case of the foal mentioned, there can be little doubt that he was the victim of hereditary brain disease, productive of temporary insanity. Such cases, I believe, are more frequent than is generally supposed. Horse3 are not always responsible for their actions. "made-horse,- 1,-5- 00 Sprnj nd Spraying. In spraying currants there is danger of making an application within three weeks of the time the fruit is used for food. Currants should be sprayed as soon as worms are seen with paris green; if they reappear repeat the spray, adding bordeaux for mildew. If worms still trouble use pyrethrum or hellebore. The third application to apples should be made a week after the blossoms have fallen of bordeaux and paris green; repeat after ten to fourteen days and again in ten to fourteen suldays use bordeaux or weak copper use set have cherries phate. When bordeaux and paris green; repeat in ten to twelve days later, if signs of rot appear. In ten to twelve days more use copper sulphate solutfon weak and Cabbages may repeat if necessary. worms first When five sprays. need If worms or use green. paris appear if the plants aphides are present repeat are not heading using using emulsion for aphis. If aphis persist, or if worms Two Kinds of Horsemen. All mankind may, with great clear- ness, be divided into two parts those who understand horses and those who do not, says an exchange. There are people who will drive or ride a nag all day nay, who may own one and use it for years whose powers of observation are not sufficiently enlisted in the details of the animal to distinguish !t from any strange horse inthe next stall unless there be some gross difference in color. Such equestrians will be content to see a fine horse, with nerves, eyes, muscles and possibilities for good or evil cashiered in favor of the dead certainty of a peripatetic The second, smaller, steam engine. and aside from horse dealers, more noble group of Individuals cannot so much as enter a fortuitous close cab without taking unconscious note of the stockings, the withers, the size and the facial expression of the creature beOne whose symtween the shafts. pathy stands this test has felt the thrill imparted by the responsive spring of a glorious saddle horse, has enjoyed mental conversations with the shapely, all expressive ears of the sensitive creature, has been fairly exalted by mere proximity to the splendid spirit of a hard driven thoroughbred and has quivered with the same heady drink which briliaut frosty mornings have brought to the smoking muzzles of his dancing bays, with their flashing eyes and strong, curved necks but ia it not absurd to defend a good horse from a horsekss carriage? "Will you please tell me," said llttlt. Miss Cltlman to the farmer, "which are the cows that give the beef tea?" Judge. fse a friend when In need, but do not abuse him. orrespondent ol A 7exaa Fam. 4 ;ora goats, ffurnal. who breeds lays: I have Lecn breejmg Angora find it a coats for fourteen years business have a l rery profitable barbed wire pasture U Hcz, with of ten of division fences, Siill. the .he best barbed jfes. la by vvlves will sonit '.,?nits scrauTmigvJhnM':;-- uuder the lowest Hire, but we general!? get the wolves aow, before they do much damage, by setting steel traps at such holts on ooth sides of the fence. We generally fasten three steel traps together and do act fasten the traps to anything. Early in the morning one of the boys will 50 there with the do'S kiid a gun. The 2ogs will take the trail, and the wolf s feenerally not more than 200 yards away, often with more than one foot :n a trap. If traps are fastened, the volf or wild-ca- t is more likely tc loose. In very cold weather they jreak are liable to bite their caught feet off or jerk loose, as they soon have no 'eeling in their freezing feet. If they tan travel, hbwever slow, with their (ragging traps, they are not likely !o try to break loose from the traps. It is a beautiful eight to see a bunch of about 500 Angora goats coming home about sundown, with their long, silky fleeces. I have always sheared twice each year that is, in April and in September. If these nice animals are shorn only once in a year, they will soon look ugly, because the long, silky hair will become matted and they will soon look as ugly as a scabby sheep. Tn kidding time it is best to keep those ewes that will soon bring kids in a small pasture separated from the flock. If the weather be cold ad wet, they should have a shelter. Dry, cold weather does not hurt them. In hot days the little kids need shade from the hot sun. At first I tried tc daake the kids follow their mothers with the flock, but I sooa found that it impossible to do that. The little lids were soon all hidden in the high grass and bushes. After that I followed the advice of older goat men, jvho left the kids in the pen until they were six or eight weeks old. During the past three years I kept kids in separate small pasture, where thej have plenty of shade, water, green 6hrubbery, weeds and young, tendei herbs of various kinds. If allowed tc follow the flock too young they will lie down and go to sleep and be lost. A sev-ir- CAMPFIRE SKETCHES. COOD SHORT THE STORIES VETERANS. FOR al al-Aia.I- o S'-'- Where Bclctler Are Hit in Uatt'.e XuiiiImt of Opport unities liy II. W. Item-hex- The Our National . Our Ileroea. OWN' tn the the w!M-pratnar-liowi- rs blossom-Above ia the sky cluuas low; sunand Zephyr lit am are da act inar together, The siason l as set the eailil uil agiow; tier with Spring arms lull of bloom and rate beamy, Kow that fair Summer Is coming: so near, Fiees with her lVhlivaU over the threslieeey - I end" V hold, event of the But the best day is left-t- he year! A day for loyalty, tears and devotion-P- ay for renic-iiiluni t s, tender and true; Weaving of laurels for heroes Men who died bravely for me and for liust-covere- U you! pen the P.nok of the Past! See Its rases 1'eur are the names we find registered there Poldieis who fi ll by the wav or in battle e Soldiers us 'with silvery hair! ! be.-id- Now on life's beach our old heroes are Thin standing, are their ranks, and the tide ebbing fast; noats are and boats are out- KoiliK Over the ss. a a great army bus I'd we riot see on thetto calm, passJ. wrinkled fueeti Shadows that tell of the Journey to come? Cave them, while living, 'bright llowers of affection They will not need them when they have gone home! tears will creep by, and we children of we must witness their passing solners Know J banner for liberty, law and natVonal properity. This nation has a banner, too; and wherever it streamed abroad, men saw daybreak bursting on their eyes, for the American flag has been the symbol of liberty, and men rejoice in it. Not another rlag on the globe had such an errand or went forth upon the seas the world tarrying everywhere, around, such hope for the captive, and such glorious tiding3. The stars upon it were to the pining nation like the morning stars cf God, and the stripe3 upon it were beams of morning light. The history of this banner is all on one side. Under it rode Washington and his army; before it Eurgoyue laid down his arm.-:- . It waved in the highlands at eWst Point; it floated over old Fort Montgomery. When Arnold would have surrendered these valu-abl- o fortresfes and precious legacies, his night was turned into day and his treachery was driven away by tha beams of light from this starry banner. It cheered our army, driven from New York, in their solitary pilgrimage through New Jersey. It streamed in the light over Morrlslown and Valley Forre. It crossed the waters rolling with ice at Trenton; and when It3 stars gleamed in the ctdd morning with victory, a new day of hope dawned on the despairing nation; and when at length the long years of war were drawing to a close, underneath the folds of this immortal banner sat Washington while Yorktown surrendered its hosts, and our revolutionary struggles ended in victory. Let us twine each thread of the glorious tissue of our country's flag about our heart strings; and looking upou our homes, and catching the spirit that breathes upon us from the battlefields of our fathersi, let us resolve, come weal or woe, we will, in lifo and in death, now and forever, stand by the stars and stripes. Henry Ward Beecher. away; Put, prom in our grief, we shall weep for our loved ones, And honor their graves on Memorial acred these mounds as a shrine toPay. the IHlgnm, Paus-e before them with reverent feet, A Tiny Soldier. i.iui.seii nowors will die, but their life-- . P'v'nff fragrance A small boy only three and a half u ill r.se up like incense most subtle and sweet! years old, living in New York, is the The world lies before us! We children of son of a soldier. Ills father and moth Koldiers er had promised him that he should Are loyal of heart as our fathers of I he P.a they upheld and the land yore; see his father and comrades march on they Decoration detenneel day. When Decoration day Are precious to us for the burdens they came this little boy's mother could not bore. thut eloriou3 ban" eo. His father did not want to disap r'lieIner'e the 8tarS It was decided that his Miiy bl'est "'3 riSe UP a,ld Cal1 11 thrica point him. take him to a place In should father And i.eace to the ashes of those who upbore it the line of the procession where a Long may It wave o'er the place of their friend of his mother's had promised to meet him, and view the procession. Bumner, Iowa, Kmma When the small boy and his papa got to this nlace the lady was not there. Where Soldier Are Hit. and there was not time for his father A great military authority navs that He put the small when a well built man of six feet Js to take hira home. facing the enemy, he presents a surface boy in front of a post, and said to him, You must stand here until papa comes to be shot at of one thousand sauare baik. You must not leave here with Inches. His face has an area of fifty-si- x any one. Stand still Just where I put inchyou until I come back. Remember.you es, and his neck of twenty-thre- e inches, and out of every hundred men wound- are a soldier's son, and must obey." ed in battle fourteen will be wounded There the small boy stood over an all alone. People puzzled by hla In these parts. They arc the most hour In such a crowd spoke to loneliness exposed parts of the body, whether the combatant ia in a trench or behind a him. To each one he answered, "I tree or wall. The trunk offers nearly am waiting for my papa; he told me litfour times as large a target, but it is to stand here." There he stood, a in soldier a little usually protected by some form of de tle picket on duty, unia wear not did he fense work, and is therefore hit only truth, though form. He had learned the first lesson nineteen times in a hundred. of a soldier's duty obedience. As Scraps says, it seems extraordinthe that arms have as great an ary area almost as the body. That is to Veteran'i Sanity. Teitlnff Ray, what the anatomist calls arms, Judge Donnelly's court room at Chiwhich include the shoulders. They cago, 111., was the scene of a reunion of measure two hundred and twenty-si- x three war veterans the other day. Col. Inches, and receive thirty out of the George Hilton, formerly of Ohio, was hundred hits. The reason they are on trial for his insanity. To convince oftener wounded than the body is that the jurors of his mental soundness, he they have to be exposed so much in recounted some experiences of the reThe legs, including the hips, bellion. As the sightless old soldier firing. have the largest surface of all, measurtold his story two of the jurors became ing four hundred and twenty-tw- o overgreatly interested, and finally square inches, or nearly twice as much the bounds of the Juror's code stepped as the arms. But they are nearly alof ethics by coming down from the ways protected by breastworks, rising Jury box and grasping the colonel's ground, trunks of trees, etc., and so hand. They were at one time members times of his they are wounded only thirty-fiv- e regiment. Colonel Hilton claims out of the hundred. When fighting at to be the victim of a conspiracy on the close quarters the head and body sufhis of wife, who secured his comfer very severely, but when fighting part mitment to the insane ward of the Dayfrom behind trees, the arms, having ton soldiers home in order, it ia said, to be put forward to fire, receive an un- tn draw his nension. After he had en usual number of wounds. A curious tered an Ohio asylum a guardian waa fact, which every veteran knows to his appointed. The decision of the court cost, Is that when the ground is hard, was that the colonel was sane. Judge bullets are reflected upward and wound Donnelly will communicate with the the legs and lower parts of the body, Ohio court and have the decree of guarwhile, if the ground were soft, the dianship set aside. bullets would bury themselves In it. Chickens and Garde J. We planted our corn, beans, peas ank tomatoes about the time we set a heus. Vegetables are up now and the chickens are out of the shell writes II. B. Gcer in Epitomist. W have placed the barrel coops, a style ol coop made of a barrel with four or flv staves removed, and laid down with a slatted front, right by the side 'if the garden fence. Then hens are confined in their coops, but the chicks, of whict there are more than fifty, pass In and out the slatted fronts at will, under th garden fence and in among the vegetables. They chase about after bugs and now and then pull a slug or worm from the surface of the ground, but they don't scratch to amount to anything, or at least not enough to uprool any vegetables, and they don't in anj way injure the latter. We calculaU the garden will outgrow the chickens and it certainly 'will do so, while th vegetables will serve as a harbor foi insects for the chicks, and tin chicks will get the insects before they get the vegetables. That ii the way we view it, and the way it is working now and has worked for us or former occasions. True, when the tomatoes begin to ripen towards autumn we shall have to protect them, but wi will provide that when we furnish the support to the vines, by means ol a frame work that will keep the tomatoes out of the way of the chickens, as well as support the vines. The beam are partly along the cross fences, and being of the running kind, they will g cross fence and climb the the chickens for shade in thi provide summer time, as will also the corn and the beans planted with it. Chickent do not harm bunch peas to any great extent. People who think they cannot raise both chickens and a garden should bear in mind that it is the hec .hat scratches up the garden, and not Start chickens the little chickens. and garden about the same time, the hen, and let the chickens run. They will do the garden more good han harm while they are small, and lloiubny'i llonpltal for Animal. .he vegetables will be mostly gathered Our 'atloiml F.inhlpiii. Amonz the Hindu sects, In Bombay jy the time the chickens approach maWhen a man of thoughtful mind sees turity when they might do some harm. a nation's flag, he sees not the flag the Jains are important through their wealth and influence, and Bombay pos only, but the nation Itself; and whatEggs for Setting Early failures te ever may be his symbols, he reads sesses the largest mm iiiiest, specimen hatch eggs very seldom come from lacfc in the flag of the government, of one of their peculiar institutions. if vigor in the germ; for in this the chiefly where sick or de the principles, tho truth, the history, This is a hospital ;arly eggs are superior. They more are animals taken received, formed nation which sets to the come from allowing eggs to b which belong are or until of cured, care they French kept the When .hilled before the setting begins. Every it forth. we wee France. alive in case of permanent Infirmity. to the wind, out roll.4 one knows that chilling after a few M. Louis Hou.iselet tells us "there la new found Italian Hag Is undays' setting soon destroys the life in When the more ruriotis than this assemrestored. When nothing see we Italy .he ecg. It may do so where eggs thai furled, of sick quadrupeds. Some have bly on other Hungarian the are aave never been set t kept in over their eyes, others, lame with metal.whkh rapidly abstracts Gag shall bo lifted to the wind, we shall bandages a in or helpless but never dead condition, are comburied, heat when the eggs are kept for greater see in it the long stretched on clean straw. When of fortably Hungarian liberty. safety near the freezing temperature. principles attendants rub them down, and .)i;;hts for holding epgs should bo ol the united crosses of St. Andrew and Their the blind and paralyzed their a forth set on tiring ground fiery St. Georgo .vood, which abstracts heat slowly. the banner of the Old World, we see food. lix. not the cloth merely; there arises up A hotel at Umtall, In Mashonaland, The English clergy was at first venr before the mind the noble aspect of is being advertised already in South which, more than any hitter against the fork, one declaring monarchy that Urlcan newspapers as "this other on the tfohe, has advanced its that its use was impious. half-icze- wire-nettin- con-dn- e of-.e- tri-col- or three-cornere- con-ne- hotel" d |
