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Show LEI!! FREE PRESS. LEIIL UTAH SEEN and HEAR around the Fight Spread of Paralysis Epidemic By WILLIAM C. UTLEY 350 cases FAMOUS . - u - 1 I II st ad-Te- III II """""""'l ajau . s i -- I . - Wl'r rZ K"i '; vv Tff'' . I- - . . I m il i i,v 4 1 , ... , 2i v M Left: Exercising the muscles of an infantile paralysis victim in the underwater treatment. Above: A new shipment of Rhesus monkeys arrives from Asia to provide experimental serums. Right: Ready to give their lives for science. ' t. I f I f I cleantic human laboratory for the tody of the use o vaccines In lm xnunizlng persons to the disease. Med leal authorities on the spot believe It will prove to be the most Important experiment of Its kind ever undertaken. North Carolina's nlllit follows In the wake of lesser epidemics In Call fornla and elsewhere. The very serl ousness of the Increase In Infantile paralysis cases may prove to be blessing In disguise If enoiifih can be learned about the insidious virus, which twists and cripples bodies, to protect humanity against it in the future. The first widespread attack of po'I was noticed In Jackson county, In the for western part of North Carolina From there the disease Jumped, In the words of Dr. J. C. Knox, state epl demlolodst "like a skyrocket," and "burst" In Raleleh and the rest of Wake county, all the way across the tate, on the Atlantic seaboard. It Is believed that the disease in North Carolina has been checked and Is abating, but In Virginia the num- oer ot cases reporteu is on me uinum, Its course having seemingly followed the highways over tne entire jengin or the state, with no Indication yet as to where Its spread will stop. ' Cause of Spread Unknown. Just how the disease was carried Is not Known, uireci cranun mm a uir eased person Is not neeessnry to con tract It. It almost never strikes two members of the same, family. "Carrlers" people who hnve such mild cases of polio that they do not even feel sick carrv the virus to others whose natural Immunity Is low and who therefore contract the disease In considerably more violent form. That Is much the same as the manner In which typhoid fever and diphtheria are spread. A single carrier, unknown to himself, may create several severe cases. When a few carriers hit a region where the natural Immunity of ihe people Is relatively low, an epidemic Is usually the result. That Is probably what happened In North Carolina and Virginia. While the dtsease Is not nearly so much confined to young children as the term Infantile paralysis would pus gest, It Is still more prevalent In chll dred of five or less than In any other age "group, For 'that reason the one sure preventive Is a difficult one to administer. It Is complete Isolation. The only wny to be absolutely certain of keeping children from catching polio Is to keep them away from all play mates and from all crowds and pub 11c gatherings. The same applies to adults, but they are not so likely to catch It. Unfortunately there Is no sure way to tell who Is Immune and who Is not. And there Is no means at effecting artificial Immunity which has been satisfactorily provea Vaccines which may do the trick are being tested now In the southeast epidemic. Dr. Maurice Brodle, working under Dr. William II. Park, head of the New Tork city health department, has devaccine. An- veloped the other has been developed by Dr. John A. Kolmer, of the Temple university medical school In Thlladelphla. With the William H. Merrell company, ninnu- facturlng chemists of Cincinnati, Doc-- I tot Kolmer Is providing between 11,000 and 7,000 "shots" of the vaccine free every month enougu to vaccinate about 3,600 children. - I I 1 I Pnrk-Rrodl- I I I I I I Rhesus monkeys are Imported from India, where they are held to be sacred, at a cost of $10.00 each. In preparation for giving his life that humanity may be saved from the scourge of polio, the monkey Is quarantined for two weeks to make sure that It Is in good health. At the end of that period It Is given an ether anesthetic and the polio virus Is Injected through Its skull Into the brain. Infantile paralysis develops. When the disease reaches Its climax, the monkey Is killed and Its spinal cord, full of the virus. Is removed. This cord is hacked up Into tiny bits and Immersed in a salt solution In a vessel, which contains a number of steel balls a half Inch or so In di- ameter. While the vessel is shaken and agitated Tor 12 hours, the balls crush the bits of spinal cord to a pulp. The fluid which is thus obtained Is attenuated with sodium rlclnoleate and allowed to Incubate for eight hours. Then It Is Strained and purified and put into bottles which hold Ave cubic centimeters each, enough to bring immunity to three children. The cost of making a three-dostreatment is $2.00. In order to reduce this cost which Is forced by the high cost of Importing the animals Doctor Kolmer suggests that a laboratory be established right at the source of supply In India. There the spinal cords could be prepared and the vaccine shipped out In a solution of glycerine. Children Replace Animals. While Indications certainly point to the fact that at last artificial Immunity has been perfected, the vaccines are still admittedly In the experimental stage. The last great experiment Is one of the most dramatic medical tests that could be Imagined. For Instead of monkeys or white mice, the laboratory subjects are boys and girls. Some of them are selected to receive the vaccine and an equal number are selected as "controls" who will not receive the Injections, but who will be observed for symptoms exactly the same as the vaccinated subjects. All selections are made by lot. Absolutely no partiality Is shown. To insure against the personal acquaintance element which might destroy the Impartiality so vital to such an undertaking, the administration of the tests has been taken out of the hands of loMedical men from the cal authorities. United States public health service nre operating to relieve local physicians from the Inhuman task. Dr. James P. Leake directs the work. Dr. A. O. Gilliam, at Greensboro, N. C, has been charged with the thankless job of deciding which children are to receive the vaccine and which are to act ns controls. It Is he who must listen to the pitiful pleading of parents that their children be given the chance for Immunity. Here is something which may prevent their loved ones from contracting one of the most dreadful of all diseases. Even If It does not work it will do no harm. Rut humanity must know for certain whether It will work. And If such knowledge Is ever to be acquired, the tests must be conducted impersonally. The vaccine must be administered to children of all classes the poor, the rich, the Intelligent, the unintelligent. It must be given to many whether their parents want them to have It or not. And It must be withheld from others whose parents have, like one of the most prominent surgeons in the South, fought tooth and toenail and pulled every string In desperate attempt to secure Immunization for them. Selecting the Subjects. There Is drama for you! What heroes these federal men are to be able to withstand the frantic pleading of loving mothers and e straw-graspin- I Test Two Serums. f Neither of these vaccines must be I believed to be a core. They are merely I preventives. Both of them contain the I polio . virus not a, bucterlum. but a e The vaccine con-- I J poison. tains the 'killed" virus and Doctor jKolmer's contains the greatly weak-enevirus. Both have been known to "produce In animals an Immunity which lasts about two years. How Jong It will jnst on human beings has not yet been determined, for It has not yet had sufficient test. A necessary requisite for both vaccines is the RIipsu,, monkey, the little fhlnshlng" monkey, so called because jf the way his face gets red when he excited, which we see in boos. Park-Brodl- d Box NATIONAL CAPITAL Field By CarterCORRESPONDENT of for short APPROXIMATELY as infanhave been tile paralysis' brought to light In North Carolina In one of the worst epidemics of the dread disease In recent history. The epidemic Is rapidly spreading north Into Virginia. Its farther course will probably be checked with the of cooler weather, for polio Is rammer disease, anl by the efforts of local state and federal health authorities. They have turned the area Into a lu Housewife's Idea g fathers! Here's the way Doctor Gilliam does It: Parents who desire vaccine for their children register with their family physician. Half the children are selected for vaccine and the other half as controls by Doctor Gilliam's office. Then those to be vaccinated are or dered to report back to their physician and are given the vaccine. The physician must give It as ordered, must account for his supply, because the fed eral men have the names of the re cipients on file and the recipients themselves under observation. The Idea, of course, Is to observe whether fewer cases develop among the vaccinated group than among the control group Of course other tests are being made. It is being found that injections of serums prepared from the blood of convalescent eases Is not harmful, but Is also of very little help. Dr. W. Lloyd Aycock, of the Infantile paralysis commission of Harvard university, believes that heredity Is an Important factor and is making experiments to determine the truth of his assumption. Symptoms Often Unrecognized. Infantile paralysis in a locality where there Is no epidemic Is often ununtil actual recognized paralysis sets In. At first It looks like any one of a number of other infectious diseases. There Is headache, vomiting, drowsiness, Irritability, fever, flushing, congestion of the throat and great sweating at night Usually early symptoms are stiffness of the back and neck. Since the Inflammation reaches the nervous system, there may be pain In the muscles and joints, tenderness of the skin and pain In moving any ot the Joints. This latter pain may be so Intense that any slight movement will be almost unbearable. As soon as the doctor suspects polio, he will probably want to make certain laboratory tests to make sure, for there are other diseases, such as meningitis, which affect the spinal cord. He will probably Inject a needle Into the spinal cord and draw off some of the fluid to examine it. In the early, or preparalytic stages, the disease may resemble a severe summer cold and Is Indeed upon Instance without more harmful permanent effect than a cold. Early and correct diagnosis is of great Importance. The victim Is immediately put to bed and given absolute rest Perhaps the doctor will administer a convalescent blood serum or a vaccine, the usefulness of neither of which Is certain. The patient Is kept away from all contact with others. And that Is about all that can be done at that point Six or eight weeks may be the period during which all movement or exertion Is highly dangerous. The apparent helplessness of ...the physician during this period sometimes drives frightened parents to accept the remedies of "natural healers" and other quacks which often destroy the patient's chances for survival. Exercise Must Be Gradual. Not until every trace of tenderness Is gone can even the simplest of muscle exercises begin. Fatigue must be avoided. Relaxation and ease must be encouraged. Swimming pools and underwater treatment are desirable In must cases. This method was discovered in a Chicago hospital. The development of the Warm Springs, Ga., pool under the patronage of its most visitor and patient, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and using h's name for Its natural publicity value, has encouraged many cities to maintain pools for the underwater treatment of infantile paralysis. Much of the rebuilding process depends upon the patient himself and the attitude of the persons with whom he comes In contact during convalescence. It is the tendency of many families to pamper and pity the child who has some physical defect such as that which may be brought on by paralysis, and the child too often for his own good takes advantage of the situation. While such a child should not be spoiled, he should be entertained, encouraged and treated as a perfectly normal member of the family Insofar as possible, according to authorities. Slowly but certainly, mankind Is going to learn how to beat poliomyelitis, just as It hns other diseases. One of the most Important steps will be the experiments now being conducted In North Carolina and Virginia. Meanwhile, parents whose children have been afflicted need only to examine history to take heart. To mention only two, there are men who have attained great heights although victims of Infantile paralysis. Sir Walter Scott was struck down by the disease when hardly more than a baby, yet lived to become Immortal In the world of letters; Franklin D. Roosevelt did not contract It until he was a fully grown man, yet he Is today President of the United States and one of the most tireless dynamos of energy In all history. The moral Is: Take heart and don't give npl WASHINGTON Washington. Comments by admin istration leaders, including Vice Chair man Crowe of the Democratic na tional coramltttee, that President Roosevelt would be by the votes of the West and South, thus virtually conceding the Northeast as enemy country, have driven political wiseacres to the electoral vote table. What they have found is highly slgnl ficant In a nutshell. If the Democratic campaign for Roosevelt should be waged on that basis next year. New Tork would again be the pivotal state, as It used to be In calculations at the turn of the century. For New York has not been the decisive state since the Cleveland days. In fact, In the 'only close election held since versus Cleveland that of Wilson Hughes In 1016 New York was on the losing side. She cast her electoral vote for Hughes, by the fairly tight majority of 119,000. Talk of Roosevelt with the West and South has brought back Interest In that very close election, when everyone waited for word from California to see who had been elected. An Inspection of that vote, however, brings out the highly Interesting fact that the real key state In that election was Ohio. The Buckeye state was the only one, so to speak, to go "out of line." Ohio voted against the trend In surrounding states, Jor Pennsylvania, Michigan, Indiana and West Virginia all went for Hughes. Had Ohio gone for Hughes, no one would have waited three days to see how California went. Hughes would have been elected. The point of which now Is that the entire South and West are not enough, nnless the candidate carrying them can also carry one of the big states, at least, east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio. New York, with all the West and all the South, would be enough. So would Ohio, or Illinois. Or a combination of Indiana and Wisconsin. Now Vital State All this, too, It must be remembered, Is on the assumption that the candidate carrying the South and West carries California. That state Is now vital, far more important, with Its heavily increased electoral vote, than It was in 1916 before election day of that year. Rumblings from California are that the Golden Gate state today Is no more friendly to the New Deal than Is Rhode Island, whose vote precipitated all this talk. Washington attorneys who attended the bar association meeting In Los Angeles, most of whom also visited San Francisco, and some of whom visited San Diego, bring back these reports. They say California has been so frightened by radicals that It has swung all the way conservative. Add to this possibility, the fact that Ohio never was a strong Roosevelt state that even in 1932 Its majority for him was only about 73,000 and since then it has had many squabbles that both its senators voted against the AAA amendments and It becomes clearer why New York's 47 electoral votes are apt to be absolutely essential to Roosevelt next year. Which again brings up the question of Tammany. So far the Tiger has not put a stone in the President's path. It rolled up a tremendous majority for him in 1032. Its delegation In the house has voted almost solidly for everything he wanted in many obvious instances against the local selfish Interests of the New York tax payers. Whereas Tammany has gotten very little. Farley's backing of McKee for mayor of New York resulted In the election of La Guardia, which deprived the Wigwam of local plunder, and it has fared very badly on federal patronage. Now, no one accused the Tammany chieftains of being stupid about this sort of thing. And there will be no forced municipal election in November, 103C, as there was in 1932, following the resignation of Mayor Walker. So do not be surprised if suddenly there should be manifested a much more kindly spirit toward Tammany at the White House. Churches and Charities Sudden realization of what the Roosevelt tax Ideals would do to their sources of Incomes not to mention endowmentshas been driven home to prominent churchmen as well as those Interested In hospitals and other charities. Up to about a month ago the attitude toward the New Deal of most persons, whose chief Interest was In churches, educational and charitable enterprises, had been rather benevolent They were glad especially those Interested primarily In church and charity to see the federal government talte so much of their burdens from them. This was especially true because th New Deal program began at a time when for several years contributions had shrunk and expenditures skyrocketed, both due to the depression. But suddenly their Interest was fotced on the w hole subject of where the New Deal policies would lend with respect to contributions and be quests by the rich by President Itoosm elt's firm stand against ex- - eruption of corporation contributions to charities from corporation Income taxes. Churches have long been beneficiaries from the wills of the rich. So have universities, hospitals and chart-itleAjid while some of the shrewder, leaders in such circles had been somewhat alarmed by the heavy Imposts on big fortunes proposed In the Roosevelt tax message of June, they had not taken any public stand. In fact, If they bothered to write to their senators and representatives during the last days of June or early In July, It escaped general notice. Then the President Made his position clear on corporation gifts to charities, which brought the people interested up standing, and resulted In an Immediate barace of protests being received on Capitol Hill. Care of Brooms With a little care a broom will last i locj time. Here Is one precaution to take: Make sure that your broom Is dry after it has been used water. If yoa put It away with the 1 handle down (which Is the best way), and lr Is not dry, the water will work its way down to the handla ind reach the wire. The wire will rust and the handle will fall out. THE HOUSEWIFE. C Public Ledger. Inc. WNU Servic. Week' Supply of Postum Free Read the offer made by the Postum Company In another part of this r. They will send a full week's supThis got them to thinking about the whole tax program, and Its possible ply of health giving Poctum free t effect not only on the things In which anyone who writes for It Adv. they were interested but In many That's Enough cases, on their Johg. Church leaders began to realize that Nothing is so contagious as bad If the heavier Income taxes on big In manners. comes, and heavy imposts on Inherl tances proposed by the President, were there might be a serious fall Imposed ing off In their donations and bequests, as the first place the rich would start to cut would be on their charities, when It came to readjusting their ex- Mosquitoes liv on human blood. Before she can draw your blood, penses to conform to the new taxes. Very prominent churchmen of four however, the mosquito must first of the largest denominations In this thin it by injecting a poison.Thus country have already moved Into ac- moiquitost annoy ar dangarout, tion, writing their senators and mem- spread serious oWasa aplJsmics. Don't bers of the house at length about what talc chances.FLY-T-Kill mosquitoes, flies, X O provea bet the new taxes would do to their spiders with n tests. by 10,000 churches. In many Instances these letno substitutes . demand Accept second received be were to the ters by the same legislators from the same writers within a month. First came the protests about the President's desire to eliminate the exemption for corporation gifts to Quick, charities. Then, within three or four weeks, came the second letters protesting about the higher taxes on the big Incomes and Inheritances. Let's be frank there's only one One very Important figure In church way for your body to rid Itself of circles in this country wrote his senathe waste material that causes acidtor that he believed the whole system ity, gas, headaches, bloated feelings of financing his church, and for that and a dozen other discomforts. Your Intestines must function and matter all other churches In this counthe way to make them move quicktry, would have to be changed If the ly, pleasantly, successfully, without policy of "sharing the wealth" Is car- griping or harsh Irritants is to chew ried out. a Milnesla Wafer thoroughly, In acIncidentally, a few of these protest cordance with directions on the- hot-tl- e or tin, then swallow. letters also strike at the idea of the ililnesia Wafers, pure milk 'of sliding scale corporation taxes, pointIn tablet form, each equiving out that the same curtailment of magnesia alent to a tablespoon of liquid mils: to church and would charities gifts of magnesia,, correct acidity, bad follow reduction of corporate dividends breath, flatulence, at their source, as would follow higher Income and In- and enable you to have the quick, heritance taxes. pleasant, successful elimination so Indications are that If the tax bill necessary to abundant health. Milnesla Wafers come in bottle fight Is long drawn out In the senate, this church and charities Influence may at 85c and 60c or in convenient tina at 20c. Recommended by thousands become one of the potent elements In of physicians. All good druggists the final votes on amendments. carry them. Start using these pleasant tasting effective wafers today. Cut Relief Costs Started Them Thinking pa-pe- ftiOSQUITOES Inject Poison Pleasant Successful Elimination - Real pressure to cut the relief costs of federal government has been under way since May, and effects are beginning to show. This is not being accomplished, as some seem to think, by any surveys the federal men are making. On the contrary It Is being accomplished exclusively so far by state and local agencies. But it Is being done because of federal pressure. Very few people realize what a czar the relief bill made of Harry Hopkins always allowing for the fact that President Roosevelt can tell him what to do. But he has the power to say to any state: "Cut your relief rolls by so many bv the first of the month, or next month you get no federal money whatever." When congress was passing the relief bill, giving the President four billion dollars to prevent suffering and spend our way out of the depression, the senators and representatives were much concerned about how part of the money should be ap portioned as between the states. They laid down the old, exactine formula arrived at in days of good roads aid appropriations. They applied this not only to such money as should ho spent for roads, but also to the money to be spent ror eliminating grade crossings. It simply did not occur to them thnt It might be a pious Idea to decide how the relief money should be distributed. The Idea was, If people were hungry they would be fed. That Is still the Idea, of course, but the national legislators never thought of the possibilities of Harry Hopkins' saying to their state governments that If they did not proceed according to his Ideas, he would cut off their federal aid. All this really goes back to President Roosevelt's Ideas In January, when he was explaining his 1936 budget (for year beginning July 1, 1035) and talking about the appropriation he was then asking. At that time the idea of the White nouse was that everybody who could work would be given work, and everybody who could not work would be thrown back oh the states and local communities for support In short that the federal government would be ut ot the relief business as taken soon as the works-relie- f projects got under way. Cpyrliht. WNU SarvkM. lsiiH f) Mil issllsWilsTsliiaWtTfirsMsSsM i ln Be Sure They Properly Cleanse the Blood kidneys are constantly matter from the blood stream. But kidneys sometimes lag in their work do not act as nature intended fail to remove impurities that poison the system when retained. Then you may suffer nagging backache, dizzintss, scanty or too frequent urination, getting up at night, swollen limbs; feel nervous, miserable-- all upset. Don't delay! Usa Doan'$ Pills. Doan's are especially for poorly functioning kidneys. They are recommended by grateful users the country over. Get them from any druggist. YOUR WNU w 3435 SALT LAKE'S NEWEST HOSTELRY Onr lobby Is delightfully air cooled daring the summer months Radio tor Every Room 200 Rooms 200 Baths i ''it t s. 1 HOTEL Temple Square Rates $1.50 to $3 CO The Hotel Temple Srnar has a highly druirablr, friendly will always find It Immacand ulate, aapreinely aomfortable,therethsroaahiy aimeable.Vmi ean for understand why this hotel Ul ntGHLY RECOMMENDED Yoa can also appreciate why t atmix-phere.Y- oa It's mark of dMInctlon to atop at liiis autif if I hosiery ERNEST C ROSSITER, Afyr. |
