Show 1 CHRISTMAS SA 1 DECEMBER DE 18 l 1909 SALT T LAIC ATO A CITY UTAH r AT TY YEAR t k S a r 1 0 0 ty J x 0 I D Du t l a u l 1 L J I IH a r 1 3 f H i z zi r I Ih ia I Ir P y h r h 5 t tS S sY 11 f k ke I Irk e i ter rk 1 o r r r 9 0 if k 1 1 r hr t I t I IO It O f ZAt r rI t I I II Ii I i Sigh r i ip a p i d dD r a ego cds I i Importance or of tho the forest In Inthe n I Ithe the life lire of or tho the nation is 18 a theme the magnitude of or which Is h Just justI I beginning b to bo be realized by b the I t public at largo Tho The aim dim of forest for st management should tv M the i eUle fullest t PS c sible utilization of all the tUo resources resources of or ortho 5 tho the forest consistent with th r i eU t Moa dos 1 that the creation ri of i a i national forest means the withdraw withdrawal 1 raw al alof t of or the resources resources from from use Is a n totally mistaken ono one one Perpetuation by b wisor IC i iu uso u JO motto which must mu t bo kept i ever In mind As a matter of administration It must be recognized that at many man conflicting Ung In Interests Interests are uro involved In oh ed and the Aim of or tho the forester foreste must be to guard guird against ng al at allowing allowing ati i lowing one Interest to encroach unfairly unfair unfairly ly upon others The Hit principal l resources t connected with forest lorest lands In the tho wC west est l lare are arc timber Umber water minerals and ind grass and oth rr r forms of or forage Of Ot these the tho and last are to a aver very considerable degree de rec subject to control t del by man mul and the unwise use of ot one y resource Bo may spay not only Interfere with Its I Ion Fn oun on perpetuation w i atlon but with that of or oth other other pf er re our s of a totally different na nt nature lq e ture tune Vor or Instance I anyone who has ha hacar carefully car full observed conditions knows kno 8 riot tOM th that t unrestricted grazing b by any class clas of stock where ero there Is keen keLn competition Irl I tion for or the range has hall an Inevitable Ss tendency to to destroy destro not net only the tho th forage crop Itself educing the carrying ca capacity c of the ranges but It Injuriously affects the tho th amount and regularity of or tors n ibo now flow of or streams ms and In s c vents and Ilm Interferes with tho the thos S perpetuation of tho the forest F cover covet er bj by b byI I f either natural or artificial means m means I ar sift m t PRESERVATION iRESE OF FOI E EOn x On the other othor hand tho the forage fora crop Is IsI t tit I natural of or yI r indispensable to the continuation of o othe aal a p the tho liVe stock sto k business which Is fully Culy fu y recognized recognised na nil one Ono of or the nest mot important tant Industries of or the tho c The Thee e pf that production of ot livestock live lIe tock stock for the thc market ma ls la notoriously notorious not keeping kc e Ing 1 pace paco with Ith the trio 1 rapid Increase in tho the and It 11 Is 18 of extreme extremo Importance U that thal the tho th forage crop be utilized to the o fullest possible possible extent bearing u aF r la to mind that tits this use uso must be consist consists consistent s eat ent e t with tho the use u and perpetuation of other oth Jr named Tb The j necessity for some kind of or out lido aldo control contro to Lo regulate the use uso of at the th thi J t i various 1 cf r the Immense j mountainous and timbered dregs aroas of tho th H J west led to the passage in 1491 1591 11 91 of an on P sr j act authorizing the pi pl evident to set apart as ns public reservations In any I 1 state pr territory public land wholly h ll or orIn or orIn orIn In pInt part covered with timber or under 49 growth The Thc number and area ami of or the tb 1 forest reserves Increased slow Blow Vy y until by act of or Congress effective In l lr 1805 lB t j administration of r t the rec es was won nil transferred from the department of tho the Interior to the do of ot agriculture and vested in inthe 1 the tho forest lt service t I Since o that time the tho area reserved has Increased by leaps lC and bounds until untila a t tr r 7 at tho the J nt time tho the national for forests ests comprise an urea area of nearly nearl acres equal erual In n size to Texas and amI Ohio combined Of the area named nearly acres are located In I Alaska The money mope value of the tho tim timber I ber er on tho llio national forests Is equal to tot t t f th combined I J arient et r 61 l the hl aimy and navy n navy f ARMY IY OF FORESTERS Th rapid d growth of the tho forest I may tTa bo o seen from the fact that 10 years jears ears ago tho total to al personnel consisted of ot the tho Mr 11 Gifford and nine ning others others of ot whom wh m only two were professional foresters at the present time le approximately 3 people are arg rp employed employ d of are arc professional proCessIonal trained The national forests as now established conserve e most of the water and ami ot of the timber of th the west vast Under national n forest loss los from forest fore t flies fires has been placed almost tp to a 0 minimum amounting to less Jess than 3 per cent of the loss upon p prIvately owned lands This Is la due en I to th sj system stem of which Is constantly carried on during the tho fire season bv by b the forest rangers I The lo loyalty and devotion of these men men in can carrying Ing on this work Is beyond praise On the national forests forest were grazed last la t oar ear million a and a half hal of ot cattle and horses hor es and seven seen and a half mil million miln lion sheep and goats These figures represent r 12 per cent and 21 1 per pei cent of the total amounts of classes of range stock owned In Inthe Inthe the tho west Through the administration of or graz f 1 i ingon Ing on tho u national 1 forests ts by b the forest for forest est cst service range rang wars within them have hao absolute absolutely ceased If I no other result had boon beon accomplished the tho elimination of ot this tills ferule fertile f source s of of 0 constant strife on the forests with the tho attendant 1 nt continual loss of o life and property would have ha 0 gone a long Ion I way Ii In justifying the tho action taken by the government That hat Ute the regulation reg pf of graz grazing fug ing on the national forests for Is Iii b n I to the Industry In Is now almost The Theold old charge thus the t Is charging excessive rates raes for or grazing has for the most part parr dis disappeared disappeared appeared with Ith tie the demonstration emon of or orthe the fact that the th grazing fees on on the forests do doubt not average more than one on 1 as much as a the prices charged for r grazing gracing upon lands lanus within their limits or adjacent to them n the forests were created they wore CIO for the most part pare found to be stocked to 0 tit I far greater extent than their per permanent permanent permanent manent carrying capacity Justified Overstocking resulted Inevitably Ip in the depletion of the ranges and deci decreases eases s sIn In tho the number of o st stock ck permitted became be became came camo necessary on on m ny of the forests As a result of the national n forest ad administration ministration range conditions have havo st Improved d This Improve ent has however occurred rath rathor rathor I or In the form tonn of ot an rn In Increase Increase cruse crease in the tho v of lr I the stock sto k than In the number grazed glazed The Tho protection given has lias enabled ena I the stock stockmen stockmen men to Improve the grade of or their theli stock and raise ralso better and It Iti haq lias l the losses from f straying st r and i other i causes a On many Onn Onny y of the ranges which were razed at nt tho time of or their Inclusion in ln national for r rl i J 1 r l u WI r I t to I fi 1 j I II I rU li o I I S I I t r to 0 i iQ Q J G c Gy Q s 0 r rs s 3 1 y r t n s 1 t I o 1 l rO it r resta I I esta th the has been stopped by requiring the stock to be handled JIUn properly and by liy keeping It 11 ort off the thu ranges until the th forage crop was It fit fit for I use In main cases the u ns which It was thought til t as f first fl r have havo to bo be made ma e have hac been avoided and amI the ranges have hae Improved undo properly regulated grazing with tho the number of oC stock stoel upon them that th hud had bc bm n causing clIl serous serious se lous damage there core oro no restrictions In ht the use of the tho t e range WAR P PESTS An Ai additional way waln In which h the for Pur Purest forest est service growing administration haw had ht J benefited benefit d the ui live Jive stock indus Industry ti try v Is in connection 1 with the thc tl of predatory animals coyotes wolves bobcats bobc hi mountain lions bears It ft t Is the opinion or of many wool w ol gr vers rs throughout the west w st that 10 per pcr of their th lr hocks Il clis aib au I killed a annually bj by b predatory animals I rn in cattle c tUe and horses are al alo aloer o Very ery er large It Is not unreasonable to toi i estimate the tho total loss to all classes class of live stock at several v millions I of dol dollars dollars lars annually l kal To reduce and ultimate p I eliminate this loss the thc forest service has hns spent man many thousands of dollars In the employment of or professional hunt bunt bunts or ors and In detailing forest rangers the th purpose of exterminating predatory I animals The rho results accomplished have havo been thoroughly appreciated by the stockmen who have he also accomplished a I much n uch along the same lines The fhe value of otho the tho forest as a conserver conser r rand and regulator of or stream flow Is now quite q recognized rc d This I is especially true truo In Utah w Wife Jre thu tile I majority of the national forat fOrO were created upon petition of the th Plo plo pIe affected In order to secure reg of grazing gracing upon Important watersheds and thus heck Check the Im ha Immense Immense mense damage being done llone Two t of the best examples of oC this arc are the tho Mantl I and Fillmore forests In the case of t the former as usa a 3 result rosult of or unregulated Sr grow grez growing log ing severe Hoods floods annually early In the spring As a result of ot these the floods severe erosion and w washIng ashing occurred In sOme places pla es and arid In others oth considerable con area areas of 0 agricultural land lall landwere were ere deeply covered with material cur car carried curried curried ried down from the mountains mou The value of the streams for irrigation pur purposes purposes purposes poses was greatly decreased owing to tho the fact that the molted melted snow snort sno from Crom the tho mountains went oK off with a rush r early in tile tie spring thus greatly short shortening shortening ening tho season and materi materially r rIlly ally Illy lessening l tho th amount am lInt of oC late water w r I available for Cor that purpose It was teas practically Impossible to uso of ot J i tho the water for domestic purposes purposes on no I count of or the tho great amount of or silt slit In suspension and the befouling of the stream duo to tho the existence of o toJ many sheep upon the headwaters and their bedding In many Instances upon tho ep banks of oC tho trio streams Pra Practical the same Name conditions existed upon the national l forest FLOOD DAMAGE AGE LESSENED Since the creation of ot tho the national forests forest according to the testimony of or ortho tho settlers conditions steadily Improved The Tho forest was creat created created ed Jn In n 1903 and since that time the num number numer ber tr of stock has been I reduced and better methods of handling brought about abo t One Ono of ot the tho first acts In the Ow ad administration adm administration ministration m of ot tho the forest was WIlS to totally exclude allstock stock from the forks of or Mantl canyon canon and as a result the area Is now well covered with vegetation Since stock h has is been kept out of the tine forks Corks of or canyon no serious Hoods floods have occurred On the other hand In hl Inthe Inthe the canyons C Immediate Immediately north south and east in which stock Is s destructive floods have followed heavy rains ralas During August this past sum summer summer summer mer a great amount of rain fell tell over oer tho entire area of the Mantl ManU forest rOil eon continuing Intermittently during the tho whole month At this time terrific floods carrying with them largo large quantities of mud and boulders occurred oc In the can canyons north south rind cast east of or Mantl canyon canon No conclusion seems possible other than that the Immunity of ot Mantl canyon from flood damage was to a avery aI avery I very considerable extent tent duo duoto to the fact that the practical exclusion of or stock had h allowed the tho t e growth of ot a sufficient I ii amount or vegetation to prevent the tho l severe erosion which occurred In the theother lY other neighboring canyons As a direct result of ot the floods damage was done amounting to approximately approximate In Inmany Inmany Inmany many places roads were totally total dc do ed and the transportation problem problem 1 lem lens on the tho Mantl forest became so 10 o serious that it wn wa necessary for the forest service to contribute 1000 to as assist a aj it j in 1 lf repairing I ti the roads J In cooperation ton tion with the tho I settlers s and other rest users PURER WATER 0 The principal object sought to bo be i accomplished by b the tile creation of or the Wasatch National forest was tho the pro protection protection o OL of the watersheds upon which the tho city of Salt Lake Is dependent for forter water sinter ter for domestic and municipal use I That chat the forest service administration s has been of great value along these the lines will I think be bo fully ful admitted R t by b tho the citizens of ot Salt Lake In fact the tile benefits already alread derived have hae been so ro great that a plan of or cooperation operation co f has recently been worked out between the city on the one ono hand and the tho for forest or orest t est cot service s on tho the other othel whereby a aco i considerable co area aren of or city lands fir art to tl tobo tobo bo I Q Included w within the forest and an urn pro protected t t and rind administered as IlS such tho the city bearing a reasonable proportion Ir I of this expense and sharing also In tho tIO cost of or reforesting tho trio w uterine Js l which nave nae Abeen denuded bv by b foie t fires fir s which occurred before roro the tIC I tonal forest was vas created From an economic poll point t of t ta a oJ I absolute necessity for foi a plan plan for the tho protection and perpetuation of ot our forests orests Is 3 Plata plain Our industries wholly or partially dependent upon wood pay the wages of more moro than one ono and J l million men nien n en and an women w The Tho present forest area acca of tIe tho country c isk IS is but Utie more re than half halt the former area Of the present forest area alca but Is publicly owned containing of or nil all II tho trio timber Imler standing Of or the area publicly owned 70 50 per pcr cent centis is In the national forests forest under a as scientific s system sj stem of ot forest management whereas where of tho lands In private owner ownership ownership ship this Is true truo of ot less than 1 per pcr percent y cent Under present conditions wo arc are taking t from our forests each year yea r not counting c the lo los tos s by fire three t reo and times their annual growth groth By B Bre reasonable re thrift wo we can produce n a constant timber supply beyond bey nd our present nt needs and with s It the usefulness s of ot our oui streams for foi irrl Irrigation gation water supply navigation and power To bring about tits nil condi condition tion so far as as the national nation fc fl f is g ara I |