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Show THE TIMES-NEW- NEPHI, UTAH S, By GEORGIA. BIRMINGHAM CHAPTER XX Continued 23 It was partly In Lystrlan and partly Troyte understands neither language. lie turned to me to Interpret for him. "What's be saying?" he asked. My German is rusty through long disuse, and I never knew any Lystrlan. However, I think I picked up the main thing the patrturch wanted to say. "As far as I can make out," I said, "he's trying to tell you that one Lord Norheys will do quite as well as another. The coronation Is to be this afternoon." "But," said Troyte, "this young man isn't Lord Norheys. Tell him that." 1 told him. After I had finished, Janet Church told him again, in much better German than mine. We did not make much Impression on the All he said in reply was patriarch. that If the Lystrlans could not have Graf Bunny Norheys, they would be perfectly satisfied with Graf Tommy. "Tell him," Bald Troyte, "that this .young man Isn't a count and Isn't Norheys at all." Then Tommy Joined In. s "There's no use saying I'm not when I am," he said, "though I apell my name with two 'rV Instead of an "rh which strikes me as a more sensible way of doing It As for my not being a count, If you can get that into the patriarch's head, you'll do more than I can. I've been at him all morning and so has Miss Church. We've assured him over and over again that I'm not a count. But he tan't be got to understand. Not that I care what he calls me, only I didn't want any irregularity about the which there might have been if I was married under a wrong name." "The confusion," I said, "in the patriarch's mind probably arises from the custom, prevalent all over Europe, of every member of a titled family Take the Casimirs, using the title. for Instance. I don't know how many Casimirs there are " "They're all Casimirs," said Tommy, waving his hand toward a group of Lystrian nobles. "All except seven." "And I'm sure," I said, "that they're all counts." "Every Blngle one of tbem," said In German. Nor-bey- WNU Barvlc. a good turn. Only for my sticking to Viola through thick and thin la spite of everything that everybody said, you wouldn't be here, would you?" "If there's any mortal thing I can do for you In any way," said Tommy, "Just tell me what it Is." "Thanks," said Norheys. "Well, I've married Viola, you know, and of course she's a marchioness of Norheys and all that, which ought to be good enough and Is good enough. All the. same, the world's full of old cats. I'm not talking of Uncle Ned now. But there are cats, aunts, you know, and lots more who aren't even aunts. They'll be Inclined to sniff a bit at Viola, on account of her being a dancer on the stage and that sort of thing. Now, what I always say Is this: I don't care a d n what a girl No was, dancer or anything else. more do you. No more does any sen sible man. But if there are cats in the world and there's no use denying that what I say is, thnt it's better to have them purring than mewing." Norheys' Idea, no doubt, was fundamentally sound, but I had my misgivings as to the amount of purring my sister Emily would do when she heard of his marriage to a young lady who had become prominent as a public dancer. Emily has her own Ideas on many subjects, and her views are not easily changed. She Is a most religious woman and devoted to the church, it has been hinted to such an extent that occasionally she seriously embarrasses the rector of her parish. I did not see how Tommy could preient Norheys' aunts, and the other mar-riag- Tommy. "So you see," I said to Troyte, "how the patriarchs mistake arose. He naturally thought that everyone called Norheys must be a marquis." "But he isn't," said Troyte. I said, "correct ing the mistake now?" Apparently Troyte thought It was. He insisted on having what he called a conference with the patriarch. I do noi ininu me patriarch liked It, for there was a wedding feast waiting to be eaten In the great hall of the castle. Hut Troyte was firm. He and the patriarch and Cable went off, tak ing Janet with them to net ns Interpreter. The princess and Ladv Norlieys went away together, their arms round each other. Poor Lnily Norheys noci oeen traveling fast for days. . I.ii sue wumeu a oain and some linn ciotnes before she sat down to the banquet ainld the magnificent nobles of l.ystrla. While I had no doubts nt the time that Tommy would make quite as ac ceptable a king of Lystrln, as would Lord Norheys, I also had no doubt mat i,aciy rsortieys would have been a much more attractive queen consort than the somewhat plain Calypso, That matter, however, had been ended, and Tommy evidently was more than satisfied witn the turn of events. As for Lord Norheys, I remembered a re- ninrk he had once made to me: "I'm not a prejudiced sort of fellow. What I always sny about things is this: A fellow mny not have been at a decent school, but lie may be quite a decent sort of fellow. It's the same with girls." And he had won the girl of Ms choice. The loss of the throne of Lystrln he viewed with the utmost equani- "is it worth while," Y. I ... mity. 1 could not feel that I hud been a Itrent help, either to Troyte, Lord Nor-heor my ulster Emily, In the whole mutter, though It Is worthy of record that Norheys still calls me "Uncle Bill" and comes to me for advice when he Is In trouble, which Is more or less frequently. He never by any chance takes my advice, however. I dare say he would get Into worse trouble If he did. On this occasion I whs not asked for advice. My nephew and his charming bride evidently had a perfect understanding ns to their future partici- pation In Lystrian affairs. I gathered thnt when Norheys took Tommy by the arm and spoke to him contidentlally. "I say, you know, about your being king Instead of me and all thnt. I'm Jolly glad. Never really wanted the Job a bit. Only promised to take It en to please Uncle Ned. All the same, don't ion know, I think you owe tut 1 j liBl "l Think You Owe Me a Good Turn." ladies who were not his aunts from mewing if they wanted to. Norheys explained. "If a fellow 1 mean to say, a girl, is properly received at court, accepted by royalty, don't jou know? then she's all right. It doesn't make a bit of difference In reality, of course, but the sort of people I'm thinking about believe it dees. Now if you could see your way you and Calypso when you're kins nd queen if you'd take Viola into the royal circle, why nobody could say a word uftcr that, could thev'" I saw Norheys' point at last. In the days of King Wladitduws a lady's estabreputation might not have been lished by the fuel that she was a favorite at the L.vstriun court. But would be quite different when tliin Tommy reigned. "Whatever wc can do," said Tommy heartily, "will be done nt once. Lady of the Bedchamber now? or Keeper 1 don't know of the Itoyal Holies? But the best miii li about these Jobs. of t hem, whatever It Is, will be Lady Norheys' this evening. And If t have an Order to bestow I haven't yet, but 1 suppose 1 have " "There's the Golden Adder of Lystrln," I said. "Very few people outside the royal family have It." "It shall be yours," paid Tommy to Norheys, "the very minute I can Uy my bunds on It." (THE END Aufot Not Cattlet The Supreme court holds that a not his castle, and man's automobile many a man renll.es thnt his automobile Isn't even his vehicle. It's the rusty old machine which hurts the pride of members of the family who use It while pater famlllas dijs up the fr sends gas and garage bl'ls. ville Times. Louis- Affiles ezz&zzsf ? - I Alaska the Meat Supply of the Future? lis JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN HE prophet who predicted that Alaska's rapidly growing reindeer herds are destined to play an important part in supplying the future American with food Is gaining In honor noticeably these days, even In his own country. For one thing, the statisticians are busily writing of the day not far distant when the food demand shall run ahead of the food supply. They figure that in that day the United Slates will huve a population of 200,000,000, of which 100,000,000 will be town and city people and 40,000,000 farmers. Moreover, philanthropists are founding Institutions for agricultural research "that man may not starve." Stanford university Is preparing to take over Luther Burbunk's experimental farms thut his work may go on uninterrupted. Chemists are discussing the probabilities of synthetic food. The Navy department Is planning a scientific investigation of our salt water fish life. A congressional committee Is inquiring into the complaints of the men of the West of dwindling herds and of the management of the grazing In the national forests. The federnl government is displaying much Interest in Alaskan reindeer herds. W. T. Lopp, chief of the Alaska division of the United States bureau of education for thirty-on- e years, has left his home lu Seattle and gone to Baffin land, the big Canadian island between Greenland and the North American mainland, to organize the reindeer Industry for the Hudso'n's Bay company. What of It? Why, this Is a bit of news of real Importance. It not only proves thnt the world does move but also points out the direction In which It Is moving. Offhand the news rends more like a Joke than a sober fact. Imagine the Hudson's Bay company doing a thing like this Hudson's Bay company, chartered In 1C70 by Charles II of England and the biggest nnd most efficient monopoly the world ever saw. With power of life and death and monopoly of trade. It successfully barred all progress. II. B. C. "Here Before Christ," as translated by the oppressed was on Its banner. Teach-fr- , missionary and settler were anathema to its rulers. Pro pelle Cutem "skin for skin" was the motto on Its grent seal and It took the skin from the Indian, skinned him In the trade, reduced him to slavery and kept him there. Not even a post factor was allowed to make a garden, lest he give " the lie to the "Inhospitable wilderness." The In furs was killed ofT. It Ignored the exploring obligations of Its charter, set up a few scattered trade posts nnd made the Indian come to them. It piled up enormous profits In secret nnd successfully stood off Investigation by parliament. It was not until 18V0 that the British government on British North forcibly released its strangle-holBy live-stoc- k "free-trailer- d America. Fifty years of Canadian progress have made H. B. C. richer than ever, owing to the value of the land it retained hind which for 200 years It Insisted was unfit for the habitation of the white man. This half century of progress- tins also In policy. II. I;. C. forced a complete face-aboIs now selling Its "fertile" lands and Is running a chain of depni'tment stores In the thriving cities that have developed since Its monopoly wns broken. 11. I'.. C. what Its sins against civilization, has always made great proilts. So If It Is going In for reindeer promotion In Baffin land why, that Is proof positive thut the reindeer business has a big future. Nevertheless, the fact that H. B. C. Is taking an exiert from "outside" to munngo the buslnes-has Its humorous aspect J In the "good old days" "outsiders" who uttetnpted to get Inside were In danger of growing old. Another point to the Joke Is this: Had H. B. C. carried out the terms of Its charter, Alnskn would not now be ours, but would be In all probability British territory. And here's an amusing situation In connection with our own reindeer In Alaska. According to the schedule of "ofllclnl duties" of the executive departments of the federal government the commissioner of education, chief of the bureau of of the Department of the Interior, "luis t edu-ealio- o nx:,. charge of the schools for the education of native children In Aluska and of the support and medical relief of natives of Alaska; supervises the reindeer Industry In Alaska." The bureau of biological survey of the Department of Agriculture "studies the diseases to which fur bearers are subject In captivity; Investigates Alaskan reindeer management, and administers federnl laws relatlug . . . animals." to Alasknn land Alaska lias large herds of wild caribou. Beln- - . deer and caribou are practically the same animal, the reindeer being the domesticated caribou. Reindeer grazing in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia and Siberia dates far back In history and Is of considerable economic Importance. Up to 1S91 Alaska had no reindeer. That year ten reindeer were brought In from eastern Siberia and In 1892 were Imported 171. Total Importations of 1,280 were made up to 1902. These Importations were made by the United States bureau of education on the Initiative of Sheldon Jackson In order to provide means of livelihood for the Eskimos, whose hunting resources had been much decrensed. The original or "mother" herd was established at Teller, on Seward peninsula (see map). Alaska conditions proved so favorable to the 1,250 imported animals that the Increase has been Nobody seems to be able to fix extraordinary. their numbers now. but In 1022 the estimates were between 200,000 and 250,000, with an estimate of 100,000 killed for food nnd clothing. Moreover the Alaskan reindeer is much larger than the reindeer of Norway. Lapp herders were brought from Norway to Instruct the Eskimos; they were given a percentage of the Increase. For a long time the Eskimo and Laplanders were the only owners of reindeer. Gradually the Laplanders have sold their holdings. Now or more of the reindeer are under white ownership. One company In Nome is said to own more than 2r,000. It Is through this white ownership thut a beginning has been made to putting the Industry on a commercial basis. Several refrigerating plants have been established. Shipments of carcasses have been to the United States. ' The meut has 'been received with favor and has brought good prices. The reindeer herds of Alaska now number In excess of 100, widely distributed from Point Barrow to the Aleutian Islands. The map shows the areas now occupied by reindeer; areas suitable for grazing and not yet occupied, and the main range reserve for caribou. The ownership by the federal government nnd various missions has practically terminated. There are more than l..r00 - Eskimo owners, whose herds range In size from a few head to 1,000 animals. The growth of the reindeer industry for the twenty years between 1902 and 1921 shows an nnuuul net Increase of ubout 27 per cent 33 per cent gross Increase, taking Into consideration the slaughtered slock. The average fawn crop runs between 60 and GO per cent; the nverage prolificacy of reindeer is 70 per ns to sex. cent. The fawns run about fifty-fiftThe annual loss In adults Is about 0.5 per cent and In fawns about 15 per cent. Ownership In reindeer Is commonly Indicated by Each owner lias a different and often each member of an Erklmo family has his Individual mark. Bartering and trading of deer among the natives Is so common that often the curs arc nearly cut nny. Nevertheless, the facility with which fin owner will pb-- out bis deer is uncanny and there are surprisingly few disputes as to ownership. Branding has been in disfavor. It has to be very carefully done, as the reindeer has n thin nnd soft skin. In the system of herding favored by the bureau of education each herd will be under r single brand. In which (he owner has a percentage holding based on the number of bis does. The Alaska reindeer Is an Interesting animal. Both bucks and does have horns and big ones, thereby differing from other members of the deer fnmily. The bead nnd legs are dark In color; the neck nnd shoulders nre grayish white, with darker sides and hindquarters; the muzzle, mane nnd strips down the buck of the bind legs nre white. There are nlso spotted nnd white reindeer. The white ones nre Inferior physically, but the Eskimo breed tbem because they like spotted nnd white skins for clothing; moreover the white animals can be seen nt a long distance In the summer nnd adult nre n help In the herding. A Htnnds about 13 hands high and Is about 7 feet from nose to tip of tail. Reindeer flock together like sheep, but graze g one-four- th ear-tnar- well-grow- r I - more like cattle. They are more Intelligent than cattle. They are gentle, except that the bucks are vicious In the rutting season. They nre much more easily handled by men on foot than are cattle. They can easily be broken to hnrness nnd can .be driven, ridden or used as pack animals. They are very active for a short distance nnd display as much speed ns an ordinary driving horse. With their broad, loosely connected hoofs they can easlly-travwhere horses nnd cattle would mire. The fawns come In the spring nnd are able to follow the doe at once. They shed their horns one year after birth. Reindeer shed their conts every summer and shed and grow horns every year. The horns often grow so fast that the animals show signs of pain. The adult does (two years of age or over) shed their horns a few days after the drops ping of the fawns. Bucks two and years of age and over drop their horns after the rutting season In the fall. Does continue to breed till about twelve years of age. The average life of a reindeer is about fifteen years. Nearly full growth Is reached In the third year; full maturity in four or five years. Of the bucks a certain number are reserved for breeding purposes; the rest nre raised ns steers to be slaughtered when about three years old. October nnd November are the best months for slaughtering; steers are then prime. Bucks do not make good meut; does nre not killed. Reindeer store up their winter fat In two masses on the back, on either side of the backbone. By the whites It Is often cut Into strips nnd used like bacon; the natives think It a tidbit. The meat Is nnd of pood lluvor. The liver is large and much like thnt of calves In quality. The tongue and heart nre of good quality. The dressed weight of a steer Is 200 pounds (maximum). The dressed caribou of certain Alaskan districts will often weigh 300 pounds; cross breeding and the grading of the reindeer herds will in time greatly Increase average weight. A deep layer of underground Ice along the Alasknn coast offers natural facilities. In many places for example, on the Seward peninsulathe soil Is not more thuu a foot or two thick. The Ice Is free from Impurities and shafts huve been sunk In It thirty feet deep. Thus ment can be kept indefinitely nnd at a trifling cost at the place where the herd Is slaughtered. Reindeer need no protection from the weather and can always find food In suitable grazing districts. In the winter they dig for gray lichens. In the summer the tundra furnishes grasses nnd sedges. Apparently they eat almost anything, from mushrooms to duck eggs. They will steal salmon. They ure crazy over salt. The lasso or lariat used In Alaska differs radically from thut used In the West. A flexible cotton Inch In diameter Is prerope about ferred. The eye is heavy and Is made from a piece of reindeer horn. The roper does not throw a single loop, cowboy fashion, but throws the whole rope so thnt it bits the horns and entangle them. Roping cannot be used to udvantnire while the horns are In the velvet, us bleeding may result and infection set In. In other countries milk from reindeer Is used In the mukins of butter and cheese. In Alaska little milking Is done and milking strains huve not bpen developed. The tanning of skins Is poor and even the natives buy reindeer skins Imported from Siberia. Modern slaughtering methods are not generally used; the native owner goes out nnd kills his reindeer whenever he wants It, In season or out. The skinning Is easier than In the case of cattle. No use Is made of An Alaskan reindeer round up Is a picturesque affair. There nre only n few modern corrals. The tisttul method employed Is a crude brush enclosure on the open plain and the roping method Is In vogue. At n rect-n- t demonstration of a modern corrnl nt the bead of Kotzebne sound a roundup of 10,000 reindeer was staged. The deer were put through t the rate of 141 to the hour, practically without Injury. Previous to 1!20 the crude methods of the original herders prevailed. Then the biological survey established a reindeer experiment station at Unalakleet. Every phase of the ultuatlon is being studied. Preliminary survejs Indicate thnt there Is nvnllnhle grazing sufficient to carry between 3.000,000 nnd 4.WHM) reindeer. Tlii-- annual surplus from shut number would yield n pro tuct s worth more than nil the minerals mined and equal the fisheries. el three-quarter- d cold-storag- e hulf-drle- d one-fourt- h per-hup- |
