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Show STANDS STRONGLY FOR CONSERVATION President Taft's Address Bsfore Congress at St. Paul. DANGER IN CONTINUED WASTE coat or profit of this water to prlvata owners by the government Is held toy the federal court of appeals not to be a usurpation of power. But certainly this ought not to be dona except from surplus water, not needed for government land. The total sum already accumulated tn the reclamation fund Is tiO,2T3.-an- d or that all but fi.l!l, 955.34 liaa been expended. It became very clear to conKress at Its last acsslon, from the statements made by experts, that these SO projects could not be promptly completed with the bnlance remaining on hand or wllh the funds likely to accrue In the near future. It was found, moreover, that there are many settlers who have been led Into taking up lands with the hope and unileratanilltiK of having witter furnished In a abort time, who are left In a most distressing situation. recommended to conKress that uuthnrlty be given to the secretary of the Interior to issue bonds In anticipation of the assured earnins" by the projects, so that the projects, worthy and feasible, mlxht bo promptly completed, and the settlers mlcht tie relieved from their present Inconvenience and hnrilslilp. In authorizing tlie Ihmuo of these protects, eonfrross limited tlie application uf their proceeds to trtnae projects which a board nf army engineers, to be appointed by the president, should examine and determine tu be feasible and worthy of completion. The bonrd has hiicn appointed and soon will make Its rcnort, BtiKUesltong have been made that the l'nlted States ouu-h-t to aid In the draln-Uy- o of swamp lands belonging to the states or private owners, because, If drained, they would be excecdlnuly valuable for atjrlctill ore und contribute to the general welfare by extending the I deprecate the agiBrea of cultivation. tation In favor of such legislation. It la the Inviting general government Into contribution from Its treasury toward enterprises that should bo conducted either by private capital or at the Instance of tlie state. In these days there Is a disposition to look too much to the federal government for everything. 1 am liberal In thei construction of the Constitution with reference to federal power: but I am firmly convinced that the m Iv safe, course for us to pursue Is to hold fast to tbi limitations of the Constitution and to roaard hs sucied tho of the states. We h.tve made wonderful progress and at tlie wtune time hive preserved with J'tilh il exactness the reTin-ris striction of the i an ensy way In which th.i Constitution can be violated by eonKress without t. Judicial Inhibition, by appropriations from tile national treasury for pentoses. It will be n sorrv day for. tills country If the time ever comes when our f umbimentn! mmp.act shall be habitually disregarded In this ma nner. Mineral Lands. 1 Chief Executive Outlines Plans Which He Believes Should Be Adopted Statistics Make Speech Comprehensive to Hearers. St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 6. President his delivered before the National Cospeech nservation congress here today. Substantially It was as follows: Taft long-expecte- . Gentlemen of the NhUuiihI i.'oiibi'ivhIIuh fongress: Conservation as an economic and term has come to moan the prcsi or our natural resource for economical use, ho uk to secure tliH greul-e(food to the greatest number. The (lunger to the state and to lliejieo-Xl- e at large from the wnate and dissipation of our national wealth Is not one which oulckly Impresses Itself on the people of the older coinmunitti-H- , beeniiu IIh moat ohvloua IriHtiiiKes do not occur In their neighborhood, while In the newer part of the country the sympathy will) expansion and development Is so strung (hat the danKcr Is scoffed at or Ignored. Amnnu scientific men ami thoughtful observers, however, the danger has always been present; but It needed some one to bring home the crying need for a remedy of this evil so hm to Impress Itscf on the public mind and lead to the formation or st public opinion and action by the representatives of the people. T hi Oil ore Hiuimc-vetook up this task In the hint two years of his second iiclinlnlsl ration, ami well did he pel form It. As president of the l'nlted Plates I have, as It were. Inherited this policy, and I rejoice In my heritage, I prize my high opportunity to do all that hii executive can do to help a nre.it people real lie a Krent national nnililtlou Tor conservation is natmiui!. It tiffin Is every mnn or im, every woman, every child. What I inn do In the muse I shall itn, not as president of a party, but as president of the whole people. Conservation is not n rjueation of politics, or of factions, or of persons. It Is a question IliM affects the vital Welfare of all of us-mir children and our children's children. I urge th:it no good can come from meet-Iri- s of this sort unless we ascribe to tnose who take part in them, and who are npp.ircnlly striving worthily aue, all proper tuotives. and null In ss the tve or Jiidti lnlly cimsl.h r ever y measure method propose! a v! to Itaiffi-ctlveness in aclih-yii.our common purand without pose, wholly retard to who proposes It or who will clilm the rredlt for lis adoption. The prohl-are of very Kreat lir.ieully and .all for Hie calmest cotiKlderatioii ami clearest fore. asluht. Many of the questions presented have phases that are new In this country, and It la possible that In their solution we may have to attempt first one Way and then another. What I wish to emphHelge. however. I that a satisfactory conclusion ran only te reached Imputapromptly If we avoid tions of bad faith, and political cntto-fiy- . . ms mrl-nnn- The public don.iln of the government the l'nlted sf Including all ll. cessions frim those of the thirteen t ites that made cpioi,s to the 1'tiltel Muiles and Including Alaska, iiinuninl In all to atmut acres tif this there Is left as purely gm eminent property mil. tide of Alaska auoiethitig like 7oo. a.t nf acres, tif this the national forest In the Collet Pteles proi-cll.fw hit The rest Is lars-l- y mountain or arid count ry. offering some opportunity for Iagriculture by l f.irm-li.and by rc a mat Ion. anil containing ra-rda well as cost, phosphates, oils, and natural can Tbea the g.ivernm-i- il of land lying along U.e mi" hiany tracts margins of streams that have water the use of whieh la In the runversli.n of the power Into ar.il Its transmission. I shall divide try lUscussmsi tinder the beads of Hi aerlcultural lands: O mineral 1amlhal ts. lands containing roHili.fi. roos minerals; (It forest lands, to e.sil lan.ls; f t oil and gas lands; and phost hale lands Agricultural Lands. ner land laws for the entry of agricultural lend are now as follows: The orrfral ho ,i.l law. wC h the s l.ii..i r s ' s l"'f. rler-Iri.H- v nr-.- t. eoufreme-iltff.ir of anil reii-h'tir- ulliiation years. mu ll tlliiCe strictly cliff' id than ever .efor Tlie eilaree. hiirierrea.l ac t, spy.'! In to n nirril.!e lm.il nlv, resulting live uliia-t.m- . years' ri."nce mil rontinuno ft fTi..fo irth of th area "The diserl-lanaft. aihirr , the f..lf t of the piti h..r ... , ., a .eater rlirtt and ?ti re. iitii. ft Hon of the l.d by irrigation, ar .1 Hie r aire ocr.f of f The donation i.r laf ey KiP of fee L h t htste s'lri is the Mod aril fr'oids t in eel th tie ls .1 tl.e n'lrf w ho JeOl ai l lf If of the and the rijlrlvatea f.Ve i 41 1. Ih-rr- I - fr ti.e ps re tarnation. tamait.o-- i The hooetead law. r"i'iirlr'g fye years' res'.en and sebr on to- - lnr.. jr. eupiva'iim ly the si..! t.y the govern merit, br hl-- to IS giryermoent of the cost of ri pst-eiee- rl tlie re lamatton. a h1 of The present nsifo 1" irrear ttn.e.- aeierllg til f roal by the f ..vo.iwti( in lit.wnehp giemd from the sarfar-and permitting rieee. lead entries the snrface nf the land, whifh. W te (Ire he In farm the surface, e't er the while the coal iereth the sor'a.e ts e un rffet rft In and rosy lw There b ftsnr.hi(i ty rf dlspfsaed gifyerrimrit ndr otlier e by It r) is nn crying f.r Mdwal re. the mcdhrela of dsj--si- r. of what are really agrvuttaral lartda T" present laws hare worked well. The b'rmetead law 1'ie sesnrwgs'f farming of land In- th aml-artf ronr. of the regtftns the ijitursl department as to how s drand lands may I t aed the peeryed ff tiSffnl fnitiire are of the ery a n e nf eon serration Thn of agrv ntf oral lani Is shown In the r lamatton nf arid lands I IrThrsti'm a aed WiH deot by fw '! tf what the ovrrr".r.t baa done and i d'eeg In this fieel Jmation. Pr the r laroatioi act a food ha of fe prfK-etof the pd.tie rriM land of the ,i'ed Fta'. s wit wM'h to Stfa-tr'ret W V trpes altrrd-- a frffm wivr, of water at prf-p- e a System of rwtiata and A Ifie by crrer fits aat, th w a r Is to b d ar-e rot S'it ird of arid sai tift e .t'-- a at a '.pn rrtiltil a frar IVmiarilr, pt rTKi'W-are and most be for t the p?wj f v f a pnh'te 1ards Hra'lr. -fe atd la sfsa wihin reach wV e y h wf the w fwrntshing at f'tm In err-ou-a- d e arr t- tre-.te- rard r-- s f d t- ff-- T lda g grf -- et -e -- s-- o-- ir I rrlriiT'il lands I menu those lands hi iiriiiig metals, or wtmt are railed metal-llf- i rous minerals. Tin- - rules of ownership ii id illollon of these hinds were llrst fixed bv custom In the west, and then w ere i ntbod'ed in the law, ami thev have worked, on the whole, so fairly nnd welt Hint I do not think ll Is wise to attempt to chunue or better them. Ttv Forest Lands. NuMilncr enri be more Important In the milter of conservation' than the trentmcril of our forest lands. It was probably the rn'lili-adestruction of forests In tin1 older stntiS Unit tlrst tailed attention to a ball In the waste of our resources. This wna recoenlxcd by congress bv an act uuf luT'xing tlie rxceutlve to reserve from rrt'rv and set aside pul lie timber lands as national forests Speaking generally, there baa been reserved of the rxHtlng forests about seventy per cent, of all the tlmtier lands .f the government. Within these Wests (including Ji nan ' In two forests In Alaskal are II . ftono) of acres, of which IK.mi.iMi of scr.-are In the t'nlted Kttites proper and Include within their tHinndarlea aom that Ihlog - like ait'W of. Individuals We to !h- state or to priva'e have- then, exrhidlnt Alaska forests, a of forests alHtiit aires tidal of Hl.(n. belonging to the government which la treated In accord with Ihe principle of scientific forestry. Ttt govirnmenl tlmher In this eotin-tr- v of all the nmountr to onlv t'eoi r. the rest ldn In private ownthat which ership. Onlv three per nt.Is ofI.Kiked after Is n private ownership and treated according to modern rule of forestry. The iiaiml de. stt u live waste and neglect continues In the remainder of 'be forete owned by and corporations It la private persons destroys Vi rstlmated that fire alone The a year. on worth of tlmte--r management cf forests not on pubUe fedof the land ia beyond the Jurisdiction eral rovernrnenl If anything Pan he done bv law It must te done by the state leg. jslntores I het'eve that it Is within their the poarr to of regnlatlona In the general and other fire to as lo'erest. public seres of waste In the management of re-.f. t owned by private In.llvhliinls and s -- s at-re- - one-fourt- area of 23,413 acres, which sold for fM. and down tn August, 1910, there were but 17 entries, with an area of 1,720 acres, which sold for $13,910.00. making a disposition of the coal lands In the last two years of about 60,000 acres for 11,305,000. The present congress, as already said, has separated the surface of coal lands, either classified or withdrawn for classification, from the coal beneath, so as to permit at all times homestead entries upon the surface of landa useful for agriculture and to reserve the ownership In the coal to the government. The question which remains to be considered In whether the existing law for the sale of the coal In the ground should continue In force or be repealed and a new method of disposition adopted. Cnder the present Inw the absolute title In the coal beneath the surface pusnea to the grantee of the government. The price fixed Is upon an estimated amount of the tons of coal per acre beneath the surface, and the prices, are fixed so that the earnings will only he a reasonable profit upon the amount paid' ami the Investment neces-snrnut, of course, this Is more or less guesswork, and the government parts with the ownership of the coal In the ground absolutely. Authorities of the survey estlninte that In the t'nlted States today there is a supply of about three thousand billions of tons of coal, und that of tills one thousand billl ins are Inthc public domain. Of course, tlie other two thousand billions uro within private ownerslilp and under no more control as to the use or tlie prices at which the conl may lie sold than any other private property. If tlie government leases the s any landlord coal lands und acts In Its would, and Imposes conditions leases like those which are now Imposed hy the owners In fee of coal mlm-- In the various conl regions of the cast, then It would retain over the disposition of the coal deposits a choice an to the assignee of the leah'o, or of resuming possession at the end of the term of the louse, which might easily lie framed to enable If to 813: s exercise limited a hut effective control the disposition and satr of the coal to the public. It has been unfed" that the lenslng rvslem has never been adopted In this country, ami that Its adoption would birtr.lv In'erfire with the Investment of capital and lie proper development nnd I venopening op of the coal resources. ture to differ entirely from this view. The ipiest Inn as to how great an area otitflit to in- lncloded In n lease to one Indlvhhuil or eorp iratlon. Is not free from dlftlcnliv: but In view of the fact that the reta'ns control as owner, t think tlo T- - might he some Pberallty In the amount leased, and that lr,rin acre would not he too grout a maximum. to readjust the Pv tin. i pp riunltv terms upon which the conl ahnll be held by the tenant, c'tlicr nt the end of each lease or at p rlods diir'ng the term, the In iiovc-rinic- iit government secure may d.t. benefit of sharing In the Increased price of coal and the niHliloii.il profit tu oh. be tlie tenant. By Imposing conditions In r sport to the ehnracter of work to tn. done In the mines, the government may control tlo churai tcr of the development of the mines nail Ihe of employes with reference to safety. fly denying the right to trnnsfir tlie lease except by the wr tten p rmb:ilmi of the governmental authorities. It may nllhhoM the consent wlo n It Is proposed to transfer the leasehold lo persons Interested In establishing a monopoly of con! production n any state or iiolghlmrhuod. The change from the abs lute giant to the busing svstem will Involve a good deal of trouble In the oiits.l, nnd tlie training of experts In the matter of making proper liMiacs: but tlie change will tie a gissl one and run be made. The change is in the Interest of conservath.n. and I am glad to approve It. Alaska Coal Lands. The Investigation of tlie geologic; surshow that the conl properth-in Alaska cover about l.S" wuare miles, tlw-are knona to te Avadi.lde ami that about 'I. iM.ei tons This la, however, an underestimate of the coal in Alaska, because further deyelofimnta will probably Increase this anioor.l many times; lint we can say with considerable that there are two fields on th" I'ncilic sloie which can la rc'hod by railwaias nl A reasonable irtrt from deep water-i- n one rase about tiny miles and In the other rase of about 1,'rt miles whhh will afrord i.rtaltUv Cfm.nio.on tons of coal, more than half of which Is of a very high grade of bituminous and of anthracite It ts to le worth, In the ground, f a cent a ion. which makes Us value per acre from $: to Vi. The coking. eont lands 'if Pennsylvania are worth from lfi to f;Vi an acre, while other Appalachian fields are s an acre, nnd the from :o to nel Is tn th" eenlral states from lie tn IZ.'io nn acre, anil In the lUHky mnun-t-ilnvey a r (. y one-hal- a an acre The demand for coal on the I'ai'lf coast la fur atout 4 tone a year. It would encounter the compel it Ion of cheap fue oil, of w hich tlie equivalent of i; tons of coal a year la use. I there. It la estimated thai the roal rould be laid down at He. e attle or Pan Kram tsro. a at 14 a ton and n!hra He at I", or f- a ton. The pti.-- of coal on Hie Pa. ifie slope varies greatly from llrue to time In the ve;ir an.l from year to year-froIt lo t'? a ton. With a regular coal of the sot tdv established, the geological survey, Mr Itrooka, who has road" a rrprrl on the ubiirl. doea not think would lie an proft In the Alaska oa! mihing the tie at Ihe which real rould od price would be considerably lowered ,y romre. tition from these field and by Ihe pres-em- of crude fuel oil The history of the taws aferttrg Ihe dlooaiton of Alaska coal lands shows Ihern to need amendment badly lo to f high-grad- shoen snffl bave . to fe'era' f ristrv l I -- m the conditions Ind1. ale that n" . tiiiiled st the mo-Icg'slitioti nn in're,. In the pre pro-- n to national f rests and an act to on iric the executive with full fresi reservaf Is In every stare iraia to r !od or ni rri- - the land la n"l"l for forestry - aarn fiirf Coal Lane's. lmtvr-tar.- t The m at nh)"ct . and one r la the d snal-fio- o oor r.nst.ti-rarh?n.f the real lands In P" l'nlted a no n llrst. as ! those At the beginning l o'leil Cares In f..it.-- r eai-.p- t . gov-rna.ef- f.-- (!t rh's ,la' iee'"ifrariin - C. (ra real land- amounting r wee- from and fcr porTnea .f r lasatfiealon 17. H'n.-a re that time there baye fte. a. ra., e tv y r- were to Cry e rrr from entry making a ti.tat withdrawal of ST. !. ) aerca Meant'me, nf the a. re Ihua withdrawn, have twn r tass'fted an I found il JT1 ro.r to fontstn and have lern re. ir re-- to errli dltursl entry, and 4 XA for f t' iaift'-nt!i.- nrdi-- "x ea 1 bave aerr-- te - t- 7a Taa entrr add t'orr len ire rlasa'Pcd as roat lands: urn rmaln and await r lass "O Srit al, wl'hdrawri aerea haie been ra larela witheoit ftioa Inereaaing the a p-- ir i rlaaai-fi.-- t d withdrawlsadfied coal acres lao.'a fo a I "filer the laws proyfdlng for the d'srm. slip.ri .f cos lands the minimum pri- - m at which lands are permitted to b a'dd la la an acre, tint tte secretary of the Inferior t as iKe--p wr to fia a maalmum e and sell at that price. Hy ihe first 1 I gfoerTrtng apfiralsal. April . IfT. the minimum was 1. aa provided by law and the maalmnm was lion and the prlea aetua'lr e f,rar-ei- l any land sold was 7.V ro-reg'ilayfios adopted April HI, waa tn Increased maalmum price n 1 bl-i.- est l"n-th- nt-o- n f... w t,. rt. ft-- d reglona whre there are rrloea. wf.ere no mst'miim lmlt is and the price t determined by the .r-p-t In The ef eo1 ti the rfirnafed any land wndef f ci,, t prl'e fled The apthi regulation has been hie nf the lands classified aa praisal under the rew and eo lands and yabj-I I t shown to be aa follows: a a,re. MIralos-- anrjr1er the old of lis an at 'a, arr-s- aaverage rlasaified an4 and iie--l nnd'f r new r il'ton at HZ, or a total of ft ! trt acre, tab red ait t714"i7l 7T! ending March 1. K'r the yearwere made, embracing an nut etitrte .rea nf 3K J1 Sf rea. whtrft sold for 11-ar,. For the tear ending March ton fr a'r. ' d n rr ar;- - it?.f tl-- r. -- Itil. tbeee Wr ; e. 17S m e.ert ' entries smhraring an e tin-re- lier-aua- tin S . withdrawn lir t - Noiemt-e- r I"rehenl IT. tooe. irib-HI Issued an eteiutlve all roal lam from bwatlon and t. On Alaska he in soy May IS. modified the order en aa fo permit valid wwaiion made pror lo Ihe withdrawal 12. on Novemt-lo proceed lo entry and patent prior lo that date some filed, most nf them said claims hail to ta Illegal because either made fraudulently by dummy entrymen In the Interest of one Individual or corporation. r he-- is of agreements made prior in location applicant to in deyeliipirg Ihe lands There are 11 law arrea rlairra fin each, knmrti aa lha ' iinnlnghaTi claims." which are claimed In he valid on lh ground that they were made by an attorney for XI different and bona fide claimants who. aa alleged, paid ttieir money and look Ihe prirper step lo locate their entries and protect them The represen tat Ires of Ihe government In the hearings before the land ffnre have attsi ked the validity nf Cunningham claim on the ground the) that prior ti their Walton there waa an understanding between lh claimants to pool their claims Oer Iher had been perfected and unit them In fine The trend of derision seems to cb an agreement would Inshow that validate the claims although ander Ihe a.ihsenenl law of May I1". Ihe of au'h claims was permitted, af'er Pwation and entry. In trait of t 'Ah acrea. It would be. f rourse. Improper for me r Int. mate what Ihe result of the Is sire ss lo . lha Cunningham and other Alaska rlaio-- is to be. but It oucht tr tie d stinctlr understood thai ho private claims for Alaska coal lands bare as ye been allowed or perfected, and alo thai whatever Ihe result wlth-deawl- len f. betnt'e 1 t. 1 ky to pendirg rlaims, the existing lawa of Aleka ae rrtt ontlfse-to- y sod should be radially amended To tftr n with, the purchase price of the rare of land Is a per aere. although, aa we bar seen, the estimate nf f Ihe geological survey would the agent a oral-lan- fl d carry up the maximum of Talus to l 500 an acre. In my Judgment It la In the proper development of Alaska that these coal lands should be opened, and that the l'acltlc slope should be given the benefit of the comparatively cheap coal of fine quality which can be furnished at a reasonable price from these fields; but the public, through the government, ought certainly to retain a wise control and Interest In these coal deposits, and I think It may do so safely If congress will authorize the granting of leases, as already suggested for government coal lands In the 1'iilted States, with provisions forbidding the transfer of the leases except with the consent of the government, thus preventing their acijul-sitio- n by a combination or monopoly and upon limitations as to the area to be Included In any onejeaae to one Individual, and nt a certain moderate rental, with roynlties upon the coal nilnod proportioned to the market value of the coal either at Seattle or at San Francisco. Of course such leases should contain conditions requiring the erection of proper plants, th proper development by modern mining methods of tlie properties leased, and the use of every known and practical menns and device for saving the life of the miners. , Oil and Gas Lands. In the last administration there were withdrawn from agricultural entry acres of supposed oil land In California; about a million and a half acres In ,S(0 acrea IxJUlslana. of which only were known to ha vacant unappropria7!i.btu In acres ted land; Oregon and 174.-acres In Wyoming, milking a total of ne.irly t.iiiu.ticO acres. In Peptember. IK;. I directed that all public oil lands, whether then withdrawn or not, should be withheld from disposition pending congressional action, for the reason that the existing placer mining law, although made applicable to deposits of this character. Is not suitable to such landa, and for the further reason that It seemed desirable to reserve certain fuel-oi- l deposits for the use of the American navy. Accordingly the form of all existing withdrawals was changed, and new withdrawals aggregating 2.7SO,iot acres were made In Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, I'tah and Wyoming. Field examinations during the year showed hat of the original withdrawals, :.l"ii.-'Hr- ti acres were not valuable for oil, and they were restored for agricultural entry. Meantime, other withdrawals of public oil In nils In these stall's were made, so that July 1. I'.'l". the outstanding withdrawals then amounted to l.OVi.om) ai res. The needed oil and iznn law Is essentially a leasing law. In their natural occurrence, oil and gas cannot be measured in terms of acres, like coal, and it follows that exclusive title to these products can normally be secured only after they reach the surface, oil should be disposed of as a, commodity In let ins of barrels of transportable product rather than In tores f real estate. This Is. of course, the reason for the practically universal adoption of the leasing system wherever oil land is in private ownership. The government thus would not be entering on an experiment, but simply putting Into effect a plan suceeesfully operated In contracts. Why shotiM not the privalo government us a landowner deal directly itli tlie oil producer rather than through the Intervention of u middleman to whom tlie government gives title to the land? The principal underlying feature of such legislation should lie the exercise of beneficial control rather than the rollec-tloof revenue. As not only the largest owner of oil lands, but as a prospective large consumer of oil by reason of the Increasing use of fuel oil by the navy. Ihe federal government la directly iMith In encouraging rational development and at the same time insuring the longest possible life to the oil supesse-Hla- .KLXi,-"- n con-c-tn- ply. tine of the difficulties presented, especially In the California fields. Is that the Southern I'liclIW railroad owns every of land tn the nit field, other nnd in those flcldr the oil oe:n to he In a common reservoir, or aeries of reservoirs, communicating through the oil sands, so that lha excessive draining of oil at one well, or on the railroad territory generally, would exhaust the oil im-In Hence It Is Ihe government land. portant that tf the government Is to have Its share of the oil It should begin Ihe opening of wells nn Its own I property. believe the It has been suggested, and suggestion lo be a sound one. that permits be issued to a prospector for oil giving him the right to prospect for Iw-years over a certain tract of government land for the discovery of oil. the right In lie evidenced by a for which be a small sum. When Ihe nil la d title lo a cerrovrrl. Ihenmuchhe Inaennlrea the same way aa he tain tract, would arqu're title under a mining law. Of course if the svstem of leasing la adopted, then he would te given the twneflt of a lease upon terms like that said In almve auggestcd. What has t to oil applies also to government Iys -- la-e- n re-r- w i-- gas lands. Phosphate Lands. Phosphorus la one of the three Mala lo plant growth, the oihr elements of ln dng nitrogen and potash. thre. phieiphorus In la bv all odd tlie element nature tl is eisily esirseted tn useful form from the phrev-phl olled rttate conand the rock, tains tie greatest known rtcpo.!s of this rork In the world They are found In Wyoming, I'tah and Florid, aa well a . in foofh Carolina, fleorgla and Tinea-eeThe government phosphate lscta are eoriflned to Wyoming. I'tah and I'l rtda there wer .onft rror to March 4. acre withdrawn from ' agricultural entrr In the ground that the land covered pro, pna'e frk Hlnee thai time. 2. 322 Owl acre of the land thus withdrawn ws fouod not to contain phosphate In profitable acres was classirpiantltles. while .R7 fied properly aa phosphate lands, thirtn baa been withthis admlnis'ratlun th-- re drawn and classified 4T7.nna aire, so that aa la there classified phosphate wit today 5.111. one acres This for k la mow! land of fertiliser In lha compoaltton Important lo imeirove Ihe eoll, and aa Ihe future ia rrrn'fl to create an enormotia demand country for fertilisation, lbririeuf this lb vspie lo the public nf such deposits aa these ran hardly b exaggerated. Cer- to the al'dv with deposits ear. ful policy of conservation should be A law that would provide a followed. leaslt.g system bar th phosphate dPe-Ita- . together wiih a provision for Ihe separation of the surface, and m'neral rights aa is already provided for In Ihe caae of coal, would seem to meet the need of depremoling lb development of fro posits and their utilisation In lh II lands of the If thought dealrable lo dls-- ourae Ihe exporand 1h saving tation of phosphate of II for our own landa. this piirp tae e.tj. al l. agri-enlttir- al li cPld accomplished hy eondHion In granted by fb government tf Its eaeea. of eourae. finder Ihe rmti-Itjito- n Ihe government emild not las and rould not prohibit lb eaporfa'ion of prVpbat. but aa proprietor and owner nf Ihe landa In which Ihe phosphate Is dep. si'led it could Im raise core!! Hon upon lh kind of sale, whether foreign or which lh might make nf Ihe phosphate mined. b Ihe leas c. lsaes Water Power Sites. Prior lo Msrch tn. there had on lb recommendation nf lb re tarnation aervie. withdrawn from agri uitnral entry, bersuae thev were regard! as useful for water power aftea Hoi not lo h disposed ef a rieiilrl lands, tracts amounting lo Sou fblllon arrea. Th withdrawals were and Included a great deal of land pad waa f not useful for lbs; s'le. the pwey They wf re Intended to n n fivers In Pine states fttnr-ii e tn, that time 1,475, 43 acres have been restored for settlement of the original fou million, because they do not contain pow er sites; and meantime there have beer newly withdrawn l.!45,92 acrea on vacan' public land and 211,007 acres on enterec public land, or a total of 1.46..H99 acres These withdrawals made from tlms tr time cover all the power sites Included In the first withdrawals, and many more, on l:X rivers and In 11 states. The disposition of these power sites Involves one of the most difficult questions presented In currying out practical conservation. The statute of 1891 with Its amendments permits the secretary of the Interior to grant perpetual easements or rights of way from water sources over public lnr.ds for the primary purpose of Irrigation and such electrical current as may be Incidentally developed, but no grant can be made under this statute to concerns whose primary purpose Is generating and handling electricity. The statute of 1!KU authorises the secretary of the Interior to Issue revocable permits over the public lands to electrical power companies, but this statute Is woefully Inadequate because It docs not authorize the collection of a charge or fix a term of years. Capital Is slow to Incest In an enterprise founded on a permit revocable AWFUL. Stranger I suppose you peopla In this town think you have the grandeul climate In the country? Man With a ColdNo; but we claim the greatest variety. at will. It Is the to see to It plain duty of the government that In the utilisation and development of all this Immense amount of water power, conditions shall be posed thut will prevent monopuly and will prevent extortionate charges, which are the uccompanlment of monopoly. The difficulty of adjusting the matter is accentuated by the relation of the power sites to the water. Ihe fall and flow of whhh create the power. In the states where these sites are. the riparian owner does not control or own the puwrr In the water which flows past his land. That power is under the control and with In the grant of the state, and irenerally the rule Is that the first water user ts entitled to the enjoyment. Now, the possession of the bank or water-powe- r site over which the water ts to be conveyed In order to make the power useful, gives to lis owner an advantage and a certain kind of control over the use of the water power, and It Is proposed that the govern mrnt In dealing with Its own lands should use this advantage and lease lands foi power sites to those who would develop the p er, and Impose conditions nn the leasehold wlili reference to the reasonableness of the rates at which the power, when transmuted. Is to be furnished tithe public, and forbidding tlie union of Ihe particular power with a comhltmt Ion of olhers made for the purpose of monopoly hy forbidding assignment of tin save by consent of the government Serious dllliciiltles are anticipated by some In such an attempt on the p:rt of the general government, because ef the sovereign control of the slate over the water power In Its natural condition, and Ihe mere proprietorship of the govern-prd In the rlpnrltn lands. It is contended that through Its mere proprietary rl :bi In the site. th central govern, i.coi bns no power to as'empf to exorcise police Jurisdiction wllh reference to how the water power In a river owned and controlled by the state sonll be used, and that ll Is a violation of the state's rights. I question the validity of thl-- i objection. Tlie government tin" Impose nny conditions that It chooses in lis l..;is.t of Irs own properly, even though It may have the same purpose, and In effect accomplish Just what the state would accomplish by the exercise of lis juiverelgnty There are those (ami Ihe director ol the geological aurvey, Mr. Snilth, who has given a great deal of ut'ciiilnn lo this matter. Is tine of them) who Insist that lids matter of transmuting water power Into electricity, which can tie conveyed all over the country anil across atn'e lines. Is a matter that ought tn lie retained by the general government, and that it should avail lis If of the ownership of these power slles for '.he very In one general purpose of from these plan the power HOW SCALP CURED DISEASE "When I was ten or twelve years old I had a scalp disease, something like scald head, though It wasn't that. I suffered for several months, and most of my hair came out Finally they had a doctor to see me and he recommended the Cutlcura Remedies. They cured me in a few weeks. I have used the Cutlcura Remedies, also, for a breaking out on my bands and was benefited a great deal. I haven't bad any more trouble with the scalp Miss Jessie F. Buchanan, disease. IL F. D. 3, Hamilton, Ga., Jan. 7. 1909." Kept with Barnum's Circus. P. T. Darnum, the famous circus man, once wrote: "I have had the Cutlcura Remedies among the contents of my medicine chest with my shows for the last three seasons, and! can cheerfully certify that they were very effective in every case which called foi their use." The man whose bluff Is not times called never existed. u some- Dr. Pierre's Pleasant Pell.u regaia'a and sloitiacti. liver ami Ismclh. augur-coal-!, Ki take si casuj. uur gnuiuis. Inrlc-or- 4t The days ure not mero rppotliions of themselves; tomorrow will have a better meaning. T. T. ..lunger, D.D. Depend not on another, rather lean upon thyself; trust to thlno own exertions, subject ion to another's will gives pain. Manu. Partly Made Over. "Weren't we engaged last summer?" Inquired the girl. "Your face Is familiar," faltered the man. "Well, I'll forgive you for not recognizing me. My hair and figure are new." gem-rate- owned sites. government A DOCTOR Arguments Against Idea. On the other hand, it is contended that II would relieve a complicated situation site If the control of Ihe water-powe- r and the control of Ihe water were vested In the same sovereignty and ownership, vis., the states, ami Ihen were disposed of for development to private lessees under ihe restrictions needed to preserve the Interests of the public from the extortions and abuses of monopoly. Therefore, A Busy Life. SubKdltor A dispatch from the penitentiary says the convicts have struck and refuse to work unless they can have pie twice a day. Oreat Editor (busily) Counsel mod ration and arbitration. New York Wct-kly- bills have been Introduced In congress providing thai whenever the state authorities deem a water power useful they may apply to the government of the l'nlted gtates for a grant to the stale of Ihe adjacent land for a water-powe- r sue. and that Ihis grant fr-the federal government to the slate shall contain a cnnditWin that the state shall never part with Ihe tMle to the water-powsite or lha water power, but shall lease it only for a term of years not exceeding ffty. with provisions In Ihe leas by which tlie rental and Ihe rates fir which Ihe ower Is furnished lo th public shall be readjusted at .r1oda than Ihe term of the leas- - . say. every ten years The argument Is urged azilnsl Ihis disposition nf power siles thai I iris- Pi tors and state authorities are more sub- - j Influence and control Je I In rorporat than would be Ihe central government, In , la claimed that a tadj istmrr.t reply ten years of the terms of leasehold every would secure lo the public and Ihe stats Just and equitable lertns I do no express an opinion upon lha controversy t,us mad or a preference as lo Ihe two methods nf treating water-powsues. I shall submit lh mailer In mmrre and urge that one or Ihe other ; of 111 two plans ts-- adopted. I have referred tn lh course of lb lat administration and of tlie preent on In wala of government lana making from entry under homestead and other j lawa and of rongre in removing all! wuh-don . as lo th validity of drawala aa a great step in lh d tl .n of prartlisl cmervatioi I'ut II only t r.ec-irone of e'er to efert what i j should be our purpi.se. It bss prod-eea sisliis quo and prevented wsst and Ir- nf until Ihe lands reyorahl disporiiton d lh method f.tr their ran be formi.lated Hutprefer It la of the utmost Impurtsnr that ruli withdrawal shoull hot l regarded as Ihe final step In Ihe r our of eonrvti,m. and thai lb Idea should not be alio ad to spread t hat conaervatlofl la Ihe lying up of in natural reaourr es of lh government frir Indefinite withholding from ne and the remission to remote generations In deride wnst might to tie don with the means of promedlng present general human comFor. If so. II ts certain fort and to arouse the greatest oppos'i ion to eon serration as a cause, and If II wore a of the piirpo of Correct It ought to a mo this opA I said have ths position problem la how lo aave and how in ntlb Ire. how In conserve and srill develop: for no sane person ran thai It Is for Ihe common good thai nature a Inga should e stored only for unborn er ls I . Slightly Confused. All of us become confused and all of as mix our language sometimes, but Ihe preparation of an old negro preacher's sermon was the greatest confusion of metaphors I ever heard, says a traveler. When the lengthy discourse) was Hearing Its close and he bad reached tils "Twenty-thirand lastly, brethren," be wound up by the , following elaborstt figure: "Everywba. bredren. we soo de Almightyall down de untrodden paths of time, we see de footprints of de Almighty band." Human Ufa. 1 N0 FRILLS" Just Sensible Fod Cured Him. i er i ii 1 rf to i i progr. pt-no- w e"whr, reir-ten- hi. generations. I beg nf yon, therefore. In vo.rr deliberations and In your tnferr-nd'uiona when men corn forward to irrtl eyiit thai the prmmot'ert of eonaervation H fa remedy, that tew invite fhen tf poled Ti out Ihe and the rpr IV thai Von irvtte fi.em tff come remedies; pife n down to dfsH in dr that mar fow fnio rhan1 that shad h osef'i! ra'ber than into that shall wirhiuf h. elovjiiertt rd enteeia'nr. gfced'Peg real Psht nn th S if.wf Tb nl thr d'w-n-io- rin por. tvT!.H h s:crwe eseiiir what i reeded In cr-thl IHry t ! . fKit In tat atlt legislature i fhe'r ivrr'i-:,- ! l.'I.!-- i reri-eee- d-- Sometimes a good, healthy commercial traveler suffers from poorly se leried food and Is lucky If he learns that rirapeNuis food will jiUt him riht. Cincinnati traveler says: "About stomach got In a bad headache tnnt of the time and suffered misery. For several months t ran down until I lost about 0 pounds In weight and finally bad lo give up a good posiyon and go borne. Any food that I might use seemed to nauseate me. "My wlf. hardly knowing what to do, one day brought borne a package nf Grape-Nutfood and coaxes me lo try IL t told ber It waa no use but finally lo bum or hep t tried a little, and they strtifk my tsata. it was ts first food I had ealen In nearly a year that did not cause any suffer-l-o A ysr tagobadmya way. a s j,t "Well, to make a long story short, I Improve and stuck to I went tip from is; pounds la o ruber to pounds the following bgaa to Df-- (irap-Nut- s. j, October. "My brain la clear, blood all right and appetite too much for any man's porktbook. la fact. I am thor- oughly mad over, and owe It all to OrapevNuts. t talk so much about wbst trspe-Nuf- s will do that some of tho men on the road bare nicknamed me GrapoNuta but I stand today a man a pretty healthy, gox4 tamt.ie of what the right kind of food will do. "You can publish tflrs If yoa wsnt to. It Is a truo statement without any frills." Read the lit tlo book, "The Road to WellvUle-l- a pkgs, "There's a r.e aaw teeter f A we fhe reis we ewr frees tinea tlaaev T key re sieaaiisHS, trwe, aa fall wf taasaa roy-cbeke- d on twfert. |