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Show THE LEIII cttk LEHI. UTAH UMT Puts N ew Face on Id Army Universal Training Program Called Modern, Democratic By BAUKHAGE News Analyst d Commentator. (Why should universal military training be necessary at J.wJVth' present plan differ from the -draff f Ibis is the second m a serves of articles on this pertinent sub ject.) WASHINGTON. What is universal military training? The more I learn about it, the more I am convinced that most of the people both UMT's supporters and opponents-have opponents-have very little idea of what it really is. I'm more interested in the people who oppose UMT because I think they are doing themselves and their children a great injustice by allowing allow-ing their thinking to remain out of focus. I'd be willing to Del wai nine tenths of the general public who dis cuss the question are looKing pasv the object of dis- cunion, their ' Ideas focused on something which j no longer exists. They have not examined what is actually in front of them, and therefore are arguing ar-guing from a completely wrong hypothesis. Old ideas stick. In other words, many peopie ao not realize what UMT is NOT. It is NOT anything like the military service serv-ice (conscription) which some of us knew from personal contact in the past, and others knew from hearsay. UMT, as proposed in the national security training act, is totally different dif-ferent in many essential principles from the "draft" under the selective service system. First why Is it necessary? Let me quote the reasons given by the house of representatives armed services committee, as digested in the November issue 01 uie Ann j (which article should be read in , Its entirety for a real grasp of the subject): I wgw , , , . , ,,. ,r --r;. ,wr 1 Laukhaje i The United States has tradition 1 . ally depended heavily upon the civilian reserve components, in ev ery major war, the regular forces have constituted less than 10 per cent of the total strength. These Vinvo heen foucht by citizen soldiers, directed and organized by a small nucleus of professionals. 2 In the past, geographical isola- tion has provided adequate time for training and equipping large numbers of Americans fresh from civil life and unskilled in the art of war before it was necessary nec-essary to send them into battle. In any future emergency, however, no such cushion of time can be expected. expect-ed. There must be sufficient trained forces in being on any future emergency emer-gency day. 3 The regular forces today consti-. consti-. tute no more than the traditional tradition-al nucleus of professional military skills. Furthermore, they are spread thinly over a large area of the world, engaged in occupation duties. In the circumstances, the size and degree de-gree of readiness of the reserve components com-ponents become matters of the most vital concern. For if these reserve components are not adequate, the overall military strength of the United States is a hollow shell. 4 The reserve components are far below their authorized strengths and are without hope of filling their quotas by voluntary means alone. These authorized strengths represent repre-sent the barest minimum estimate of manpower requirements, 5 The national guard is at approx-. approx-. imately 16 per cent of its authorized author-ized strength, the organized units of the organized reserve corps at 14 per cent, and the unassigned reserve pool at 85 per cent (summer of 1947). The 1,200,000 members of the unassigned reserve pool are merely names on paper, untrained and unorganized. Z UMT would build up the reserve O. components to their authorized strengths, and would achieve a sta bility and an increased efficiency of our ready forces that do not now obtain. The alternative would be regular army of about 4,500,000. 7 Consideration was given the . claim that future warfare would be of the pushbutton variety requir ing "only a handful of scientists This claim is a dangerous illusion. If there is another war, it will be more "total" than the last, and will Involve a greater number of human beings without any hope of distinguishing distin-guishing the combatant from the noncombatanL The war in all probability prob-ability will come into the cities and the homes of the people of the United States. In such event, the survival or recovery of the nation might well depend on the presence of well-disciplined and able-bodied men in every community. The foregoing, then, were some of the reasons which guided the armed services committee com-mittee of the house to vote out a national security training act. The act would set up four agencies: NjnnVAL SECURITY TKAIN- iv'i rrnHPS. consisting of all aim. . - young men to be trained. Although these young men, legally, wouia have military status, they would not be members of the armed forces, would be subject to no duty other than training and would become members of the military establish-ment establish-ment only in a national emergency. NATIONAL SECURITY TRAIN ING COMMISSION, which would set the policies, standards, suh stance and character of the train ing program. The commission would consist of three paid members ap nninted hv the President two members, including the chairman, to be civilians, and one to be from the armed forces. GENERAL ADVISORY BOARD, which would provide the commission commis-sion with the best technical advice on the moral, religious and educa tional phases of the program. The board of 10 to 25 members would be composed largely of civilians, serving part time (with pay), but would include at least three members mem-bers of the armed forces. It would have no policy-making authority. SELECTIVE TRAINING SYS TEM, similar to the selective serv ice system of World War II, which would register, examine, classify, assign, defer, deliver and maintain records of men registered under UMT. As you note, although military training (in the modern sense which is more than ever training in many valuable civilian skills) is the basis of the national security corps. is devoid oi many zaciors wun-u have made universal service in the past traditionally objectionable to the American people. In these days, any military training train-ing insofar as it involves killing is objectionable to the balanced personality. per-sonality. But, since we have not LEADERSHIP CHAMPIONS ... Pat Wall, 18, (left) of Sa J and Le Roy Donnay, 20, of Glencoe, Minn., were named nationa leau ership champions at the 1947 national 4-H club congress in Chicago In addition to the trophies with which they are shown, each receiveo a $200 scholarship. NEWS REVIEW Defense Pact Ratified; Inflation Bill Offered This is. as Sen. Arthur Vanden- berg (Rep., Mich.) told ms ieuow senators, "a significant moment to demonstrate the solidarity of this hemisphere." ' And with the knowledge- oi inai certain fact uppermost in meir minds members of the U. S. senate voted 72 to 1 to ratify the inter- American defense treaty agreed to by 21 American republics at the kio conference last summer. The hemispheric agreement lor mutual defense of nations in ine Americas embodies three main points: Iln case of armed attack from . outside the hemisphere, all nations na-tions have the automatic right to meet the attack with military force. 2 If attack occurs inside the . hemisphere. American nations may go voluntarily to the aid of the victim, with consultations to iouow, If attacks occur both inside the hemisphere and outside the se- niritv reeion immediate consulta tions will be called. Virtually unanimous approval of the treaty by the senate was a good indication that congress was fully continue export controls; but administration admin-istration spokesmen admitted that the allocation powers provided for would authorize the government to impose consumer rationing and even to buy up entire grain crops if it saw the necessity tor sucn acuu. And throueh the welter of the ad ministration-Republican melee over what to do and how to do it mere came at least two charges of "socialization" "so-cialization" from top U. S. businessmen business-men leveled at the government's avowed program. 3., 1 Some of the 650 teenagers teen-agers from all states who are trying a six-month six-month UMT experiment experi-ment at Fort Knox. 3 4 HIMI1,H,I Til ,OM BlffNH IOHI1 M.I. CAN.L 10 . f if A fTS?PW .,,...;....it'tf.. J, 5. eliminated the predatory forces in the world, have not even isolated them, certain measures of self-protection like UMT are necessary. What ere the features of military mili-tary training which stick In the craw of the average free American? Probably the first (the thing that used to overwhelm me at certain moments in my early months in the army) is the lack of freedom. No longer was I a free man whose lib erty could be curtailed only after a jury trial and the judgment of my peers. Suddenly, I was confronted by the Articles of War, the court martial system, and in some cases (although I personally never suf fered much from it even in war time) the petty tyranny oi a supe rior in rank. But the trainee under the pro posed national security training act is not subject to the Articles of War at all during the first phase of his training and only conditionally dur ing the additional six months of service, depending on which option he may elect aware of the cardinal principle of successful foreign relations that commitments abroad are worse than useless unless the nation forms strong and lasting alliances to sup- Dort those commitments. The nem ispheric treaty had in it the makings of a eood foreign policy. Meanwhile. President Truman had some thoughts on now inter American defense could be ad warned from theory to the realm of actuality. He proposed to con that the Panama canal be converted into a sea-level water way (see map), and that a unified command be establishea in ine Atlantic At-lantic area with Adm. H. P. Blandy in authority over army, navy and air forces from Iceland and Green land to the Caribbean. CHALLENGE: Accepted Republican leaders had issued a direct challenge to the administra' tion to offer a bill incorporating President Truman's ration-and-con- trol recommendations for combat ine inflation, and the measure which the administration finally proposed was neither more nor less than any one had expected. Handed to the senate judiciary committee by Averell Harriman, secretary of commerce, the specific bill called for expansive powers to ration food, gasoline, sel and other scarce commodities. - Theoretically it was a bill to allo cate materials to essential users, rnntrnl business inventories and I FODDER Spuds for Cattle A New Jersey cattleman, Eugene K. Denton, has a theory that might go a long way xowaru easing u grain shortage. His idea Is to feed cattle raw po tatoes Instead of grain. Experimenting with 20 yearlings purchased especially for the purpose, pur-pose, Denton fed them on a special diet, based on ground potatoes, sail and molasses, for 25 days. The steers, which averaged 667 pounds when the experiment began, showed an average gain per steer oi 1.4 pounds a day or 25V pounds per steer for the test period. Prof. William Ljundahl of Rutgers university department of animal husbandry called the experiments a success. Denton made public this simple formula: To every 100 pounds oi freshly sliced potatoes add one handful of regular salt and one gallon gal-lon of molasses water. The molasses water is prepared by adding one pint of molasses to one full pail of water. LANDON: Big Medicine Alf M. Landon, the Kansas budget-balancer who might have been president of the United States if Franklin D. Roosevelt hadn't defeated de-feated him by a landslide in 1936, has come out publicly in favor of Gen. Dwight Eisenhower for President Presi-dent in 1948. Landon was known to have joined forces with Roy Roberts of the Kan sas City Star to push the Eisenhower Eisen-hower bandwagon. In Chicago to address ad-dress a Kiwanis meeting, Landon said, "The Kansas delegation to the Republican national convention will be for Eisenhower." That, coming from the shrewd former governor of Kansas, was strong political medicine. 'I don't , think any of the politi cians in my state will get out of line on that I think I know what the general's social, economic and po litical views are. He hasnt said anything to me about the presidency directly or indirectly but it's my guess he will make his views known when he leaves the army and they will be all right." Meanwhile, it was announced that Eisenhower was scheduled to take over his scheduled position as president presi-dent of Columbia university next June 7 just about two weeks before the Republican national convention is supposed to convene. He Still Has Time on His Hands After Hall Century at Trade 'T. inZ "united States there may FT GIN ILL.-Somewhere in the " j0b-like patience exiSn untutored .ndggj f t ctld put together a who, after months of pamstaKint watch that would run. one.million-to-one that it would But the odds are ust about one ju fing watches fall for short of the perfcg Melius, directorofElgn trtrfnv. in tne opimu" . Watchmakers coueKc. Samelius ought to know He , ha. made watches for more than 50 years. Now teaching others the profession pro-fession at the Elgin school he re-ceivod re-ceivod his first introduction into the lore from his father, who at one time was the royal watchmaker J Sweden. Samelius came tc lAmenc as a lad in 1881. Today he is still " ... i- nrnfession. an honor- active xi f ... . a ary member of at least eight state horological associations and the dean of American fine watchmak- Always ready to talk about his life's work, Samelius explained . ., - ,v,v making a some oi ine reaauua -watch is not the easiest thing in the world. "Our students learn that the best watches must be within a limited lim-ited tolerance of time, fast or slow, before they a" released from the factory," he says. "They learn to maintain tolerances of .0001 of an inch to fit parts into precision watch movements. They master all the individual in-dividual manufacturing operations necessary to restore a watch to its timekeeping ability." An idea of how small these tniprances are can be gained from the fact that one-ten thousandth thou-sandth of an inch is the size of a human hair after It has been split the long way 30 times. Samelius students also work with roller jewels that are so small that 4,666,000 weigh a pound. Some of the screws used in watch manufacture are so tiny that 20,000 of them just barely fill an ordinary sewing thimble. Despite their size, each screw has a perfect thread and its head is perfectly slotted. Some of Samelius' students become be-come proficient in the watchmaking jn o norinH of from 11 to 14 aik ... r months. Although he has been in the watchmaking business for more than half a century. Samelius still manages to keep posted on latest developments in the field. He admits that making watches today is considerably con-siderably easier than it , was 50 years ago. He attributes this in part to innovations in repair equipment and parts. r .. .x At '- w V f ii tt? ' , j, Tin 4,tT- Honesty Still Pays, Jailed Youth Learns ' ST. LOUIS, MO In jail because police caught him breaking into a building, Robert Tolhver, 18, has re ceived a $5 reward for honesty. When a class from Fontbonne college had inspected the jail, one of the students lost the mechanism from her watch, a family heirloom, She informed Warden E. E. Hensley of the loss, leaving $5 for the finder, Tolliver found the mechanism in a box of trash, turning it over to Warden Hensley. "Had Tolliver hocked the works, he wouldn't have received more than $1," the warden said. "By being be-ing honest he gets $5." DEAN OF WATCHMAKERS . . . William H. Samelius, director of Elgin Watchmakers college, Is shown here inspecting a clock made by William Geognagen, one of his students. Driven by an electric elec-tric motor, the nine-dialed clock shows the time In Bombay, London, Lon-don, Hawaii, San Francisco, Yokohama, Yo-kohama, Shanghai, New York, Moscow and Elgin! It Took Seven Years, But He Got Big Fish NEHALEM, ORE. After spend ing seven of his 79 summers hopefully hope-fully rowing up and down the Ne-halem Ne-halem river in quest of a salmon, Charles L. Judd finally hooked his fish. His patience was rewarded when the catch proved to be a 30-pound Chinook. A battle lasting for an hour and a half was required, how ever, before Judd finally landed the fish. Almost too weary to hold the fish up for a picture, Judd said, "My family thought I couldn't catch a salmon, so I had to show them." PROFITABLE DUST BOWL Idaho Gashes in on Phosphate Out in Idaho they have a "dust bowl" that not only is not worrying the good people of that state but stands to bring them in a lot of money. They're even planning for its expansion, ex-pansion, for in that dusty, sagebrush-covered expanse of land lies 60 per cent of the known American supply of phosphate rock, source of phosphorous, one of the three primary pri-mary plant foods. Experts say that the dusty treasure treas-ure which Idaho is shipping here and there in an ever-widening range holds the key to a new and broader agricultural economy In the entire intermountain and Pacific West In ages past the Rocky mountain area of southeastern Idaho, north eastern Utah and southwestern Wyoming Wyo-ming was a tropical playground for countless prehistoric monsters. In passing on to whatever reward was in store for them, these monsters bequeathed themselves to posterity in the form of rock phosphate, some six billion tons of which are estimated esti-mated to be underground in that Idaho-Utah-Wyoming sector. Prior to 1934 use of phosphate in the West was negligible. The rich, volcanic soil was in little need of fortification. Also, the limited sup-plies sup-plies of the commercially manufactured manufac-tured fertilizer were being used almost al-most exclusively in the eastern and southern states. Then, during World War n. one Idaho landholder, J. R. Simplot, be came worried because he could not obtain sufficient fertilizer for his vast farm lands. So In the spring of 1944 he began construction of his own superphosphate plant in Poca- tello. Originally designed to turn out 60,000 tons annually, Simplot's plant has been expanded to the point where now it Is producing 2)0.000 tons a year of "18 per cent" super phosphate. The "18 per cent" means that when the phosphate rock has been pulverized to dust and treated with sulphuric acid, 18 per cent of the phosphoric acid in the rock is made available for use by growing plants. Mechanical Picker Dooms Husking Bee To Romantic Past AUDUBON. IOWA. The familiar thud of corn against the wagon bang boards Is being relegated to the ro mantic past on Iowa farmlands as the machine age muscles in on old- facViinnprf corn huskins bee and corn husking contests. Romanticists notwithstanding A- .1 WA man can t compete wiui me chine when it comes to picking corn, and as a result those popular pastimes pas-times of the past are being dis carded. A two-row corn picker can har vest 500 to 800 bushels a day while a man, working alone, can pick only 80 to 100 bushels. Mechanical corn pickers are becoming increasingly available to do the harvesting job in the tall corn state. The number of machines has tripled tri-pled since 1939, when there were 20,029 mechanical corn pickers to harvest nine million acres of corn. Now, it is estimated, there are more than 60,000 pickers, an average of one machine for every 158 acres of corn. Despite the invasion of mechanical mechani-cal pickers, Elmer G. Carlson, king of the nation's corn huskers in 1935 and now owner of a hybrid seed corn company here, doesn't believe the corn husking contest Is gone forever. "Corn husking is a farm sport and mechanical pickers do not detract from the glamor of the old-time contests," Carlson contends. He believes husking contests would be as popular as ever. His brother, Varl, whom he dethroned as national champion, agrees that the national contests should be revived. re-vived. But even the former national champions have given way to the machine age. Both nse mechanical me-chanical pickers in their own cornfields! This la a Christmai u.' quest something for alitk. oi tne earth. . . , yt r entitled to the truth aboi!: So let us ten them, SanK It Is dangerous not to. Teu them that not only b that there is a Santa Clam l that the Christmas spirit true thing In the worli t,j each other, as each of ft. ' aiuiig niui jfuu. Santa, please do not dm, Issue. ... In this 20th cent nave Buupiy gui io stand m rights of hundreds of miniZ' wen who ueueve in you, know, ana I know, that tw. world Is phony. But it ii tw the adult world lived up to on the Christmas tree, Instead tinsel in its heart. Tell the children of the J tsama, mat ail boundario iu.es. . . . anq mat a y,. a map means a I a heart. . . . Tell them man Is an enemy of Sa: nuu tiuuikB tuav ue can Detl Christmas spirit by a toy In a child's hand-Ins, of putting love and trust soul. Santa, please tell the fc: truth. That your reindeer blind. . . . That they cam: and that they do not care, it's a little Chinese boy in sampan, a Negro child in soc bama cabin, an Indian girl warn or a New York boy la water tenement. . . . They or. different to the greedy a4i: crawl the earth. But they the same to the children, Claus, to his reindeer and I And, Santa, if there ii left over, give us grownups fc er to live up to the love of dren for us. . . . We have hope for them, and the; much trust in you.-W. H Headline: "VisbinskySdt Bum Voyage! . . . World World War 11 supposedly tis lesson. And they did. Ihtti add up to III. . . . On Wiii ieacing Nazis is that we met (as allies) in war against hu times don t change! Ntmv lain inked the Munich tm same reason. . . . Top uup gr's Dieest: "While anxioii gathered at a lawyer's ta will, the- beard: 'Being jw. and mind, I spent til my nm alive.' " Washington Ticker: Insider) the "feud" between the P: and Bob Hannegan (which b tut-tut and poo-poo) i " that Hannegan won't eve) from the sidelines" during;: campaign. Hannegan,' incit is the first politician ever ti Missouri from Washington -switch. Ed Pauley, the? te no part of the St. Louis & But he was the one "wto r the loan" which Hannegan s cate floated via a St M . Senator Capper oW sponsor legislation (qtuw hibiting hooch adverts b mags and over the atones, Space Is Relative HAMILTON, MONT. All of Mon tana isn't wide open spaces. A lawsuit law-suit has been filed to clear title to a strip of land two and a half inches wide and 140 feet long. . The sliver lies between a theater and a store. This Street Removes Porch Steps at Night BALTIMORE, MD. Fountain street, near the Baltimore docks, takes in its steps at night and often turns them up during the day. it is a street of red brick row houses, many of which have two white wooden steps leading up to the front door. They are fountain street's version of the white marble steps lor which Baltimore is noted. Families often sit out on them in the evening for rest and gossip with the neighbors. Residents disagree as to how the custom of turning the steps up against the wall during the day and taking them in at night started Women Can Vote If They Tell Age LINCOLN, NEB. One of woman's wom-an's age-old prerogatives will fall by the wayside when Nebraska Ne-braska women register to vote. The state attorney general has ruled that it won't be enough to say "legal age." Registering women will have to say exactly how old they are. Frederick Wagener, Lancaster county attorney, requested the official opinion after some worn-en worn-en declined to give their exact age. Fnnnv thine: Since iref A-bomb (history'" suit f weapon), Americans so Insecure There i fier In the current IP tionss World mag: The bomb Is 50 times m than the one that m..T,ln1 Masco I' please copy. The Late Watch: Since ftf Rm. Bennett Meyers, i force one-to-four starreri i ing their civvies oil ! po when shopping, to disco comment about war-F-generals. ... A staflei mag d a Mtte reseat -. m.hnk letter 8s ratesafeneralrap) Willi uu . j;,E UUVCJ.9 -J nrA f Yankee crew they can't spend W Fcrm Vifs Launches Country Store SHELLSBURG. IOWA.-Markin a rebirth of the country store in Benton county. Hobby Harbor has been launched as a typical old-time mercantile business establishment by a farmer's wife in her farm home near here. Mrs Opal Gardemann. a former school teacher, who wanted to start the venture "in a small way" thought S500 worth of merchandise would be enough to stock the store erty" is ab011 5, Equity members i- the'; is about' ft litis lies ;ijer flrerru 'tent ;ris " if the As in this Mjsli Seiberi arpla1 until i uvern .ted otf tt wou tors, w. ) decis . IT f ' ill at de! f of I bad uce c a the posies jtage : j!hest jSops. Jeadlix B it's 'i ppre 1 aut ifi hia Si Esynd ut fi I m )lu miry' is oi Jtth all TT. ! Self rAen nW sjme ta. te ;ish ilal t and ''Mil TSth flaini i! sT f i fe 'lie kt b as I ?or: bar Ms Mh "fslem . opei orld I Ma: iMSpl p ma Nth I and se taii -,al I 1 Oil HQS Tei i no face. 1.T I Seek th 'tees as -nef cc '! cr firs. tha Now her stock inventory is about $5,000. and she already has made plans to remodel the farm home to provide additional merchandise space. Farm families in the vicinity and motorists attracted by the sign tacked to a telephone pole near the entrance to the Gardemann farm are amazed to find they can buy radios, washing machines, and countless items that are hard to gat te gos notices tW were "the le" tet tjus with four un Tale! Akron, Ohio, f discontinued Its togs. "Too much na columnists!" ar Inuh reeled up to W Roberts and p: yankees. She his grandad wa.- .r ., you can Vs v almost n"resd' fkaa on meatless , chap who flm,'K is anttoOscarit ,pow Canadian ijM t rillions. ifL ?m at tains. John gpeaksntaelanfff aid coin tutor" c0" SI ra |