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Show Presidential Veto Roosevelt Said, 1 Forbid' 631 Times for New Record By BAUKIIAGE News Analyst and Commentator, WASHINGTON.-"I forbid! " said President Trurnan. He said it 74 times to the 79th congress while Democrats were still in control. The score for the Republican-controlled 80th is not quite complete at this writing. Every American president is permitted to say he forbids, but he has to say it in Latin. The word is "veto." Of course the congress can saj "So what?" right back, as they did so emphatically this session in the case of the Taft-Hartley labor act, but they have to say it two-thirdf strong, a strength they aren't always able to muster, as history has shown Why the founding fathers were so$- generous with presidential power, which they never conceived as expanding ex-panding to its modern breadth, we don't quite know. The veto is written writ-ten down in Roman law, but Latin is a dead language. In England, the crown has a veto power over parliament, but it is almost as dead as Queen Anne, since it hasn't been used sines her time. It seems to have flourished on American soil. In fact "We ought to call it National Veto Week," House Majority Leader Halleck is reported report-ed to have remarked re-marked when the third presidential veto in one week of June bounced back Into the lap of the 80th con-gress. con-gress. Others studying headlines head-lines "President Nixes Tax Cut," "Truman Vetoes Labor Legislation," Legisla-tion," "Wool Bill Turned Down," shook their heads and opined that Baukhage Harry S. Truman was the veto-Ingest veto-Ingest president yet. Nonsense, said capitol old-timers. Harry Trurnan, according to the record, has been very sparing of his veto, and has a long way to go before he attains the really big-time veto statistics racked up by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt (who had more time than anybody else to exercise ex-ercise his thumbs-down power), Grover Cleveland (the veto runner-up), runner-up), and Ulysses S. Grant. "Why," the old-timers grunt, "when FDR was president, it seemed as if we had a veto on something or other alrjost every ev-ery day." And the record shows . that he said, "I forbid." or . achieved the same end by the pocket method in 631 instances. (A "pocket veto" comes about in this way: The president has 10 Historic Trees For years now I have walked back and forth to my labors under a Gothic roof of green, formed by the Interlacing elm branches which, since Civil war days, have made my street one of the world's most beautiful avenues. Today there are some rude gaps in the raftered ceiling ceil-ing where huge branches have been ripped away by the wind and storm. But now there is a threat of greater devastation for our anu other elm trees, ancient and historical, or merely beautiful, for the dreaded dutch elm disease, has descended upon America two cases of virulent viru-lent infection have been discovered within the District of Columbia alone, and no cure is known: My generation found nothing exotic in the Idea of the village smithy under the spreading chestnut tree. Today the smith would have a tough job finding a chestnut tree nnder which to build his smithy, even if you could find the smith. For, thanks to the infamous chestnut blight, a horsechestnut tree in this country is now almost as rare as a horse. Must the elms go that way? I talked this question over with a member of the American Forestry For-estry Products Industries, Inc. (a private industrial association). He said: "A recent house action reduced re-duced the federal appropriation for the control and research of the European Eu-ropean beetle and dutch elm disease dis-ease to $51,000. If the cut is approved ap-proved by the senate, it means the end of the dutch elm disease laboratory lab-oratory in Morristown, N. J., where the department of agriculture's bureau bu-reau of entomology and plant quar-antine quar-antine has conducted extensive research re-search into the control and possible prevention of the insect and fungus. An elm, according to official classification, is a "prized shade tree in the northeastern and central United States." But passing over its esthetic value, consider that its "wood is used for variety of purposes pur-poses especially slack cooperage, market and bushel baskets, for heavy crating and for veneers. . . ." but what does an economaniac care for all that? Consider the White House grounds, for Instance. In these quiet 18 acres there are something less than 350 trees comprising some 90 species. The two great magnolias planted close to the rear portico were placed there by Andrew Jackson. Jack-son. Nearly every president planted plant-ed a tree there is the Benjamin Harrison oak, the Harding beech. Y ; k ri r " I r days, not including Sundays, to act on any bill. Congress sends a bill to him. If congress adjourns before be-fore the president's allotted 10 days are up and he still hasn't acted on the bill, it cannot become a law. That is considered a "pocket veto.") Cleveland, during his two terms in office, used his veto power 584 times, and was overridden only twice. The majority of the Cleveland Cleve-land vetoes were personal pension bills, many based on utterly absurd ab-surd claims growing out of the Civil war. At first, Cleveland's forthright refusal to permit these myriad, lili-puian lili-puian treasury raids infuriated Civil Civ-il war veterans. Later, however, the GAR came to consider him its friend. Ulysses S. Grant, a poor third to Roosevelt and Cleveland, vetoed ve-toed 92 bills, was overridden four times. All told, the veto power has been used more than 1,833 times by presidents. pres-idents. George Washington started it ofT by killing two important acts-one acts-one having to do with legislative organization; or-ganization; another which would have reduced the size of the army. He was not overridden. There were eight other presidents who never experienced a veto upset by congressional con-gressional action Madison, Monroe, Mon-roe, Jackson, Polk. Buchanan, Lincoln, Lin-coln, McKinley and Harding. Un tne otner nana, mere were several presidents who scorned the veto entirely; John Adams, Jefferson, Jeffer-son, John Quincy Adams. Van Bu-ren. Bu-ren. William Henry Harrison, Tay lor, Fillmore and Garfield. Perhaps because all was harmonious between be-tween executive and legislators in those days. Perhaps because, as some students suggest today, a sustained sus-tained veto is a . contradiction of the principle of majority rule a rule of a minority of one-third of either house plus one, plus the president pres-ident who is not supposed to have a vote. (It takes a two-thirds vote to kill a veto.) Threatened the Coolidge birch, several species set out under Hoover. Maples predominate, but the elms are next, and many have historic memories. Just southeast of the south portico is an elm said to have been planted by John Quincy Adams. There are others planted by Lincoln and McKinley. Under these trees history lives, but for beauty nothing surpasses the high arched cloister, clois-ter, thick-tapestried in summer, stark but graceful in silhouetted line in winter, which roofs my avenue. A wilting and partly defoliated 30-foot American elm severely affected af-fected with dutch elm disease. INDEX HIGH, TOO I , AvA?v A A I AV i f AA- l A j ? ! i ' : Gain Shom in Farm WASHINGTON. Farm income during the first six months of 1947 was 30 per cent higher than that of the corresponding period last year, it was revealed in the agriculture department's monthly review of farm income. Farmers netted $11,700,000,000 from the sale of their products during dur-ing that period, with the total increased to about 12 billion dollars through government payments, the report showed. Largest increase was 70 per cent registered in sale of meat animals. Cash receipts from dairy products were up 30 per cent from the corresponding cor-responding period last year. Poses Problems a ' . f FIRE'S TRAGIC AFTERMATH . . . The tragedy which invariably follows fol-lows in the wake of fire is typified fn this picture of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Tate of Chatsworth, Calif., standing in the charred ruins that once was their home. A brush fire that swept the area destroyed many bouses including some under construction. NEWS REVIEW Mine Pact Draws Fire; New Aid Parley Opens BETRAYED: Mine Pact Rep. Fred A. Hartley (Rep., N. J.), co-author of the Taft-Hartley labor la-bor act, has. charged big business and big labor with betraying the public in negotiating the latest John L. Lewis coal mining contract. Hartley's attack followed shortly after southern coal operators followed fol-lowed northern and midwestern operators op-erators in signing soft coal contracts con-tracts with the 400,000-member United Unit-ed Mine Workers. He told the house that "at leat one clear violation of the law" was contained in the contracts, referring to the section providing for a "checkoff" from the miners' wages. The Taft-Hartley law, he saidv permits a checkoff only for union dues, but the contract calls for a checkoff of initiation fees and union assessments. Hartley added that other sections of the contract "violate "vio-late the spirit and intent of the law." Noting that the contract afforded a "prime case history of the evils of industry-wide bargaining," he said that there was evidence of "collusion between the mine operators opera-tors and the UMW with the intention inten-tion of violating the law." Paris Parley Pro-Communist Hungary turned down its invitation to attend the Paris conference on European reconstruction re-construction as 17 other nations lined up to participate in the talks, first step in carrying out the Marshall Mar-shall plan for aiding prostrate Europe. The conference, previously boycotted boy-cotted by Russia on the grounds that the Marshall plan will be a foothold for American intervention in the internal affairs of Europe, will attempt to set up a scheme whereby Europe, with the aid of American dollar credits and supplies, sup-plies, will be able to lift itself from its economic morass by its bootstraps. boot-straps. In addition to Hungary, four other Communist-inspired governments those of Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania Ro-mania and Bulgaria also refused the invitations sent out by Great Britain and France. As the deadline dead-line for replies approached, Finland and Albania had not yet been heard from. NAVY RESIGNATIONS GROW Higher pay and a more satisfactory satisfac-tory home life are the two main lures which have drawn the most bright and capable young career officers from the navy and army into civilian jobs at what is called "an alarming rate" during the past year. In the last 10 months more than 1,700 naval officers have resigned commissions won at Annapolis to take higher paying civilian jobs. During the same period, the army lost only 259 West Point officers via the resignation route, but they are men whom the service can 111 afford to spare. Cash receipts from crops were around $3,800,000,000 in the first half, or 20 per cent above the corresponding cor-responding period last year. Most of this increase was in grains and tobacco. Preliminary estimates for June show that farmers received about two billion dollars from marketings, an increase of 30 per cent from June, 1946. Receipts from livestock and their products were up about 50 per cent on the same basis of comparison. compari-son. "Demand for meat for domestic consumption and for export continues con-tinues unusually strong." the agriculture agri-culture department's statement THE LEW SUN. LEIII. UTAH ? ? 5 - f " 4 i A ".' , .? - 7. vf A 1 FARMERS PROSPER Both farm assets and farm income in-come have expanded tremendously since the outbreak of World War II, according to a late report released by the National Industrial Conference Confer-ence board. Total assets increased about 90 per cent from 53.7 billion dollars at the beginning of 1940 to 101.5 billion dollars six yars later. Gross income from agriculture shot up 124 per cent over the same period. That income, plus government payments, totalled about 11 billion dollars in 1940 and only a little less than 25 billion dollars In 1945. Virtually Virtu-ally all the gain was registered by Income from agriculture. Government Gov-ernment payments were not changed during the years covered by the report Cash receipts from farm marketings rose from 8.3 billion bil-lion dollars in 1940 to a very considerable con-siderable 20.8 billion in 1945. Real estate was by far the largest item among farm assets, rising from 33.6 billion dollars in 1940 to 56.6 billion in 1946. ROMANCE: Royal Road Princess Elizabeth, 21-year-old heiress presumptive to the throne of England, and Lt. Philip Mount-batten, Mount-batten, 26, former Prince Philip of Greece, are formally engaged to be married this autumn, probably in October. L King George VI and Queen Eliza beth cleared the road to royal ro mance by giving unqualified approval approv-al to the match and .announcing the engagement en-gagement in a traditional tra-ditional court circular. circu-lar. Lt. Mountbatten is a second cousin to the king and a great grandson of Queen Victoria. As the husband of Princess Prin-cess Elizabeth, he will be Britain's Princess Elizabeth first prince consort since Queen Victoria's Vic-toria's husband. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg. He cannot become king, but probably will be given a dukedom shortly after the wedding. King George is expected to ask parliament to increase Princess Elizabeth's income and perhaps give her husband a special allowance. OIL EXPORTS: Supply' Russia A special export license for the shipment of petroleum products to Russia was granted by the department depart-ment of commerce hours after Representative Rep-resentative Weichel (Rep., O.), chairman of the house merchant marine committee, demanded the license be refused. Weichel previously had telephoned tele-phoned William C. Foster, undersecretary under-secretary of commerce, urging him to halt the movement of 248,000 barrels bar-rels of petroleum being loaded aboard three tankers on the West coast Income said. "Meat animal prices in mid-June mid-June were about 50 per cent higher on the average than a year before." The declining wheat prices are expected to continue Into August or September. "Because of the very large export demand, however, the price decline will be less than is usual when a very large crop is marketed." Prices paid by farmers for their needs in June averaged 230 per cent of the 1910-14 average. Prices paid for feed advanced to the highest level since last August In general, the statement concluded, conclud-ed, the index of prices paid by farmers is expected to continue at high levels in the next few months. 'FIRST AMERICANS' Park Ruins Unfold Fascinating Story oi Prehistoric Indians WNU Features. More than one hundred centuries ago the first immigrants set foot on the shores of North America. These early people, archeologists believe, crossed the narrow strait which divides Asia from Alaska, and from Bering sea they traveled eastward and southward. From time to time in the centuries which followed fol-lowed new bands of people crossed from Asia and the earlier settlers were compelled to push onward to more remote sections sec-tions of the continent. It is possible that some of these people migrated down along the Pacific s coastline, but the greater mass of them, it is thought, crossed the mountains and continued the southward south-ward trek along the east side of the Rockies. Lone before the time of Colum bus, the copper-colored Inhabitants of the Western hemisphere, whom we call "Indians," had fanned out and occupied all of North America, Mexico, Central America, South America and the islands of the West Indies. Under the administration of National Na-tional Park service are many areas connected with the life of the ancient an-cient Indians. Mesa Verde National park and 14 national monuments mon-uments have been established estab-lished to pro National Parks Twelfth In a Series tect significant ruins in the states of Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. There are also Mound City group national monument in Ohio, Ocmulgee national monument in Georgia and Old Kasaan national monument in Alaska. In addition, many other national parks and monuments, mon-uments, created primarily as scenic or scientific reserves, also contain evidence of Indian occupation. Unfortunately, the Indians, during the long pre-Columbian period had no written history, but the records of their wanderings wan-derings and the story of their cultural and political progress gradually is being put together by archeologists from the tangible tangi-ble remains the campfires, the dustheaps, and the ruins these people left behind. The story as it unfolds is fascinating, the record of achievement is impressive. im-pressive. Originally nomadic hunters, the first Americans, learned to cultivate culti-vate the soil. To Indian farmers we owe such staples in our diet as corn, Irish potatoes, yams and cocoa. co-coa. The Indians also developed tobacco to-bacco and taught us the use of EVOLUTION . . . Ocmulgee national na-tional monument in Georgia contains con-tains outstanding remains of Indian In-dian mounds and prehistoric towns, representative of the cultural cul-tural evolution of the southern mound-builder civilization. This Council- Chamber mound has been restored by National Park service. serv-ice. quinine. They learned to make pottery, pot-tery, woven textiles and delicate Jewelry from gold and silver. Thev built fortresses, temples and cities, and in Central America Mayan mathematicians Invented the use of 'zero" before it was known to schol ars of Europe and Asia. EARLIEST EVIDENCE of man in the New World was discovered a few years ago at a site near Fol-som, Fol-som, N. M. Here peculiar grooved stone spear points were discovered in association with the fossil bones of animals which have been extinct ex-tinct for thousands of years. The skeletons of the men who used these weapons have not yet been found. but similar grooved points have been discovered in many places as far east as Virginia. This earliest American has been given the name of "Folsom Man" and he lived at a time when mastodons and sabre toothed tigers roamed the forests and plains of the United States. After the "Folsom Man" there is a long gap in our knowledge of ancient Americans, but in Central 'Smokies' Rank as WASHINGTON. Ranking as one of the favorite vacation spots in the East, Great Smoky Mountain National Na-tional park embraces' the greatest mountain mass east of the Black Hills. The "Smokies" derive their name from the deep blue haze hovering about the peaks that for 36 consecu tive miles are more than 5,000 feet high. The park is 54 miles long and a maximum of 19 miles wide. T7-A A$W' - 3$!k 'AAA America the Mayas, who had In vented a reliable calendar, were carving dates on stone monuments as early as 600 years before the beginning of the Christian Era. IN MESA VERDE National park and In the southwestern national monuments one may obtain a fairly clear picture of the life of the In-dians In-dians through a period extending back nearly two thousand years. Here, although the Indians had no calendar and carved no dates on monuments, it has been possible to assign fairly exact dates to events which transpired long before the coming of the white man. For example, it is known that from 1276 A. D. to 1299 A. D. there was a continuous con-tinuous drouth for 24 consecutive years, and it also is known that about the year 900 A. D., Sunset Crater, a volcano near Flagstaff, CONTRAST . . . Prehistoric Indian In-dian ruins built at the base of sheer red cliffs or in caves in canyon walls share the limelight with modern Navajo homes and farms in Canyon de Chelly national nation-al monument in Arizona. White House ruins are shown in this picture. Ariz., erupted and covered the countryside coun-tryside with lava and ashes. The system of dating Indian ruins in the Southwest is simple and ingenious and is done by using a tree ring calendar. By starting with living trees and patiently matching pieces of wood from older and older houses, the annular ring patterns pat-terns in the Southwest have been established for a period of more Mian a thousand years. ONE OF THE MOST impressive ruined towns of the ancient Indians Indi-ans is Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon Can-yon national monument, New Mexico. Mex-ico. This town, built like a huge five-story apartment house, con tained in the 11th century more than 800 rooms and housed at least 1,200 people. A part of the pueblo was constructed as early as 919 A. D. Other ruined pueblos, which the visitor vis-itor will find fascinating, are those built in niches in the vertical cliffs of Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto in Canyon de Chelly nation al monument in northwestern Ari zona. The beauty of these wild canyons can-yons will live long in the memory of all who see them. Near Flagstaff, Ariz., are the stone pueblo of Wu-patki Wu-patki and the cliff dwellings in Walnut Wal-nut canyon. In central Arizona are Tonto, Tuzigoot and Montezuma Castle national monuments, and in the northern part of the state near the Utah border is Navajo national monument. Aztec ruins and Bende-lier Bende-lier national monuments are in New Mexico. IN THE OHIO valley and In southeastern south-eastern United States the Indians frequently built large earth mounds. Very often these mounds were constructed con-structed in the form of truncated pyramids and were .used as platforms plat-forms for temple structures or houses. One of these mound sites has been established as a national monument near Chillicothe, Ohio. At this site, known as Mound City group national monument are a large number of mounds. At Macon, Ma-con, Ga., Ocmulgee national monument monu-ment also contains a number of interesting in-teresting mounds, one of which was constructed over a subterranean council chamber. FOR INFORMATION relating to the national monuments, write to the Director, National Park Service, Serv-ice, Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C Favorite Retreat Highest peak is Clingman's Dome 6,642 feet above sea level and accessible acces-sible by a motor highway. Fishing is one of the main attractions attrac-tions for sportsmen, the 600 miles of trout streams in the park being restocked re-stocked annually. 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