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Show THE LEIII SUN, LEW, UTAH German Education Must Be Recast in Democratic Mold By BAUKIIAGE Nttci Analytt and Commentator. v 1 , 1. -M MMflfrrtlf ititft lit ' " 'tut wmft'ShJMfajl Baukhage WNTJ Service, 1616 Ej'e Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON. Whether we ere going to have two worlds or one, nni nf the hattle grounds on which j u. I .. .,111 k ? f decided Is Ger many. Lines for t that battle are forming now between be-tween one of the most powerful forces for democracy, democ-racy, the Amer-Ican Amer-Ican public school, and one of the most antidemocratic anti-democratic forces of old Germany, the Prussian educational edu-cational system. When congress meets it must consider con-sider the report of the mission of educators who were sent to the American zone by the state and war departments to study education In Germany. They came back with a careful and detailed study, Including Includ-ing a description of conditions and a set of recommendations which. If they can be carried out, will have a vital effect In building democracy in Germany. Perhaps an educational system based on the American model may not be sufficient to democratize Germany but I think It Is no ex-aggeration ex-aggeration to state that without such system, democracy never will be achieved In the Reich. I had the privilege of attending conference presided over by William Benton, assistant secretary of state in charge of public affairs, at which Chairman Zook and members of the educational mission were present. I came away deeply impressed, not only with the factual data presented present-ed (I was familiar with some of the data) but also with the importance impor-tance of the program as a means of determining whether democracy or totalitarianism will dominate western Europe and perhaps the world. System Mixture of Master, Servant We know how Germany's history, her political and social Institutions, have all tended to create a peculiar type of thinking which has resulted In a caste system with a strange mixture of super-ordination and sub-ordination on the part of the individual in-dividual German. The superficial superfi-cial and erroneous explanation is that the German is half dominating and half servile. There isn't space here to go into German psychology but there was one point in the educational edu-cational mission's report which was emphasized by their chairman and echoed by Assistant Secretary of State Benton, which partially explains ex-plains this phenomenon. It reveals perhaps the greatest single factor that can block democratic evolution in Germany. This factor, the mission mis-sion says, "has cultivated attitudes of superiority in one small group and of inferiority in the majority of the members of German society, making possible the submission and lack of self determination upon which authoritarian leadership has thrived." The bars go down on the path of democracy for the German child in the fourth grade of elementary school. It is here that.the fortunate 10 per cent who are to be the "superiors" "su-periors" leave the unfortunate 90 per cent, for at this point when the children are about 10 those who expect to attend the universities and prepare for a professional career are set aside in secondary schools. It is largely the financial or social position of the parents which forms the basis of selection for these secondary sec-ondary schools. The overwhelming majority of pupils, a large proportion pro-portion of whom deserve university education because of their ability, finish elementary school and then go on to vocational education. This makes a fundamentally "undemocratic "undem-ocratic division of the educational stream." Until they are 10 years old little Fritz and Johann have studied and played together In something ap-proximating ap-proximating the comradeship of two American boys, though one's father owns the bank and tte other's runs a tailoring shop. But when they leave the fourth grade, their ways part and each year from then on, the wall between them grows higher. high-er. Dr. Zook's voice was filled with real emotion when he described one of the many experiences he had when the mission visited the Ger man elementary schools. It was his practice to ask the fourth grade children: "What are you going to be?" And without the slightest hesitation hes-itation they would answer: "Butcher, "Butch-er, baker, clock-maker, cobbler" or whatever it may have been, never dreaming that it could be anything else, because their way already had been chosen for them. This revelation, revela-tion, Dr. Zook said, was as heartbreaking heart-breaking to him as when again and again, four out of five of the children chil-dren answered "no" to the question: "Did you have any breakfast today?" to-day?" Contrast the life of these children with the American children who spend eight years together in the grade schools, many of them four more In high school, where all cam-pete cam-pete on equal terms, where ability can be assayed, where ambition can be estimated. School Plant Hit Hard by War This Is only one facet of the problem prob-lem with which the educators who must guide German education will-have will-have to deal. There are a great many physical difficulties, too. In the first place, there is a dearth of buildings, of teachers, of equipment Many of the school buildings are rubble. Many have been requisitioned for various uses by the military government. In the winter there Is the question of heat this winter probably will be one of the worst and this Is one of the most difficult problems to overcome because of the shortage of coal in the American lone. As to teachers, more than one-half one-half of the Germans were dismissed because of their participation in the Nazi setup. There are few books. There is a paper shortage because there is no machinery to make paper. There is no machinery because there is no steel. There is no steel because there is no coal. And so the vicious circle continues, affecting the whole question of supply and equipment There are, on the other hand. some things on the credit side. For instance, the fact that the Germans have an inborn respect for learning and after a generation behind the "iron curtain" they are literally starving for information concern ing the rest of the world. I can testify to this from my own conversations con-versations with a number of the young people, as well as the older ones, who had had at least a glimmering glim-mering of the world before Goeb-bels. It is generally admitted that the first two objectives of the occupation occupa-tion forces have been realized more fully In the American zone than anywhere any-where else. I refer to denazification denazifica-tion and demilitarization. These are important but negative. On the positive posi-tive side, democratization lags. We know very little about what is happening hap-pening in the Russian zone but a nation na-tion that has progressed as far in moulding the minds of its own people, peo-ple, undoubtedly is not neglecting its efforts in Germany. The recommendations outlined out-lined in the mission's report include in-clude similar projects for the future, as well as various other steps extending beyond the schools themselves and operating operat-ing through the parents and teachers organizations and other groups. There is no intention to superimpose upon the Germans any system against their will. So far there has been excellent co-operation and educational circles cir-cles in Germany are enthusiastic enthusias-tic about the steps already taken. They hope that trained educators educa-tors will come to Germany; they would be only too glad to send their people to this country for instruction. They may not know what democracy Is but there Is plenty of evidence that they want to find out. Presumably the report as forwarded for-warded to the secretary of state will receive his approval, and congress will have the opportunity to pass upon the whole program but, as the report concludes: "The development of this program is not the responsibility responsi-bility of the government alone. Equally, if not more, important is the intelligent backing of the American people in the reorientation reorienta-tion of the German people. We have committed ourselves to a oroeram in which education plays a critical role. There must therefore be no turning back in our support of that program so vital to the enduring peace of the world." BARBS by Baukhage It's time to quit making children study maps that they have to re-color re-color with their own blood. Someone says it's a fine commentary commen-tary on radio that its most successful success-ful comedians are the ones who kid the silly commercials. Well, remember re-member the Ford jokes they did streamline Lizzie eventually. "The Iceman Cometh" has made a great hit on Broadway. Now if you could get a plumber like that when you want one. The Monsanto Chemical company has invented a doodle-proof tablecloth. table-cloth. It has a plastic protection like the inside of unbreakable windshields. WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS. Meat Prices Meet Resistance; TV A Chief Heads Atom Board; Cut Lumber Tariff for Housing Released by Western Newspaper Union (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In theto colnmne, they are Inn" ol tVrnirrn Nt. paper Union's news analysis and not ssetuarily cf tni newspaper .i '11 i 7 r y Unable to move meat at high prices, a Chicago butcher ordered his two stores to sell supplies at cost. Clerk John Donnelly holds up steak to attract customer. MEAT: Going Doii n Meat slowly came down all along the line as dollar conscious housewives house-wives offered stiffening resistance to fancy prices. In Chicago, meat capital of the U. S., wholesalers trimmed their prices of steer, heifer and cow beef by several cents per pound and cut lamb and pork approximatey a cent Continued heavy runs of stock and increasing competition among the packers contributed to the drop. Housewives' clamor for cheaper cuts and their conservative buying at high prices resulted in the reduction re-duction of retail charges. As meat piled up on some counters in the face of consumer resistance, butch ers pared prices appreciably In an effort to move their supplies. Despite the gradual decrease in prices, trade spokesmen expected no sharp drop until after the first of the year when volume will reach its peak. In the meantime, a price conscious housewive promises to keep charges within reasonable bounds. ATOM BOARD: Ready for Business Renowned for his management of Tennessee Valley authority, 47-year-old David Lilienthal was named by President Truman to head the five-man five-man atomic energy commission created cre-ated by congress to regulate development devel-opment and use of nuclear power in the U. S. Other members include Robert F. Bacher, 41, physicist who aided in the production of the A-bomb; William Wil-liam W. Waymack, 58, editor of the Des Moines Register and Tribune; Sumner T. Pike, director of OPA's fuel price division; and Lewis L. Strauss, banker and special assistant assist-ant to the secretary of navy during World War II. Gordon R. Clapp, 41, was named to succeed Lilienthal as chairman of TV A. Clapp has been associated with the huge power, flood control, navigation and recreation project since 1933. Heavy Responsibility Lilienthal and associates have their work cut out for them in the regulation of atomic energy in this country. Under the congressional act the board will own and operate all facilities fa-cilities for making fissionable material, ma-terial, and license the right to others. oth-ers. Further, it will hold a monopoly monop-oly on all plutonium, uranium and other materials with nuclear energy- It can prospect for new material ma-terial or purchase it abroad. The board's power also extends to obtaining all patents for making or using atomic power and licensing licens-ing the manufacture of equipment and devices for the use of nuclear energy. KREMLIN: Stalin s Vieivs . Because Russia ranks with the U. S. as the greatest power, the world cocks an open ear when Premier Pre-mier Josef Stalin utters his views on international affairs. Answering an American newsman's questions designed to reveal the Russian position on outstanding world problems, prob-lems, the master of the Kremlin declared: Churchill and others like him in the U. S. and Britain constitute the worst threat to world peace. In contradiction to Churchill's TOBACCO TAX: Cigarette and tobacco tax collections, collec-tions, boosted by increased tax rates, return of servicemen and more plentiful domestic supply, rose 73.8 per cent during the first half of 1946 over receipts for the same period last year. x The Federation ol Tax Administrators Adminis-trators reports Jiat collections in 31 states from January through June this year were $112,600,000 from cigarette cig-arette and tobacco taxes compared com-pared with only $64,800,000 last year. I statement that Russia has 200 divi sions on a war footing in eastern Europe, the Reds have only 60, soon to be reduced to 40. The political as well as the economic unity of Germany is desirable. de-sirable. All of the Reich's war potential po-tential must be destroyed, but the country allowed to become self-supporting. Yugoslavia possessed grounds for dissatisfaction with the Italian peace treaty, internationalizing Trieste and dividing Venezio Guilia between the two countries. , Six or seven years, possibly more, may be required for rebuilding rebuild-ing the devastated areas of Russia. PALESTINE: Press Arabs President Truman and King Ibn Saud of Arabia squared off in a lively tilt over the U. S. proposal for the immediate entrance of 100,-000 100,-000 homeless Jews to Palestine. In an exchange of letters, the king stated: Jewish designs in the Near East extended beyond Pales-" Pales-" tine to other Arab states. A flood of Jewish immigration immigra-tion to Palestine would impair Arab rights in the Holy Land and break U. S. promises not to alter the basic situation there. In reply, Mr. Truman declared: Jewish leaders would sot countenance any aggression against Arab states near Palestine. Pales-tine. Admission or 100,000 Jews into Palestine would not endanger Arab interests. Out of humanitarian humani-tarian considerations, Mr. Truman Tru-man himself would ask congress con-gress to lift Immigration bars to aid stateless Jews'. In .respect to promises not to alter basic conditions in Palestine, Pales-tine, the U. S. had called for discussions between Arabs and Jews before any action was taken. Such discussions have taken place within the past year, Mr. Truman said. a HOUSING: Push Aid With the administration determined deter-mined to get a flying start on its goal of 1,500,000 homes for 1947, President Truman removed tariffs on lumber and Housing Expediter Wyatt recommended 54 million dollars dol-lars in loans for manufacturers of pre-fabricated dwellings. Canadian lumber principally will be affected by the tariff order, which is expected to offset the revaluation of the Canadian dollar trimming dominion exporters' returns by 10 per cent since last July. Lumber coming in from across the border will be free of the duty of 50 cents per 1,000 board feet and the additional addi-tional $1.50 revenue tax. Of the 54 million dollars which Wyatt proposed for prefab manufacturers, manu-facturers, 32 million would go to the Lustrom corporation of Chicago for the production of five-room steel porcelain dwellings intended to sell for $7,000. In seeking to set Lustrom Lus-trom up for mass production in a huge Chicago war plant National Housing authority clashed with the War Assets -administration, which previously had leased the sprawling factory to the Tucker corporation for a new postwar automobile. The NHA contended Wyatt possessed pos-sessed legal authority to take all necessaiy action to speed up vet housing. , Add Latest: Canned Bread Add to the list of canned products, prod-ucts, canned bread which the army will thoroughly test in the next year to determine maintenance main-tenance of flavor, texture and stability under field conditions. Already put to limited tests, canned bread h3S stood up under long periods, proved nutritious and. most important of all. remained palatable for consumers. GERMANY: Stop Plant Grab Premier Stalin sought to calm the furor arising from reports that the Russians were dismantling many key industrial plants in east-era east-era Germany for shipment to Russia Rus-sia and forcing skilled German workers work-ers and technicians to take up employment em-ployment in the Soviet union. In response to an appeal from 20 000 workers in the famed Zeiss precision plant in Jena, Stalin was reported to have ordered jviarsnai Snkolovskv to halt dismemberment of the factory for shipment to Rus sia. In protesting against we kus-inn kus-inn nrtion. the Germans declared that removal of the plant ' would leave thousands of workers idle ana disrupt the economy of the commu nity. Hitting charges that skilled uer-man uer-man workers and technicians were being forced to go to Russia, the Soviet news bureau of Berlin declared de-clared that such craftsmen were going go-ing to the Soviet union under contract con-tract and would receive the same privileges as Russians in the same trades. At the same time, the bureau bu-reau acused the U. S. of deporting German scientists from the eastern zone before the Reds arrived to take it over. COAL: John L. in Know Bowing to doughty John L. Lewis' Lew-is' demands for reopening the soft coal contract negotiated between the government .and the United Mine Workers last May, the U. S. agreed to discuss new terms embodying em-bodying wage and hour revisions. In seeking new talks, Lewis charged the U. S. with violations of the existing contract. He said the 5-cent a ton royalty payments for the UMW welfare fund were being based on the weight of washed coal rather than raw coal, and miners' eligibility for vacation pay was being misinterpreted. Government capitulation to Big John L.'s demand followed in the wake of his claim that refusal to negotiate new terms would result in abrogation of the old contract. Because the miners traditionally do not work without a contract, a costly walkout loomed. Old John L., in demanding a reopening re-opening of the contract, showed he knew the legal aspects of the pact backwards and forwards whereas government officials appeared none too sure of its provisions. When Lewis first served a 10-day notice on the government for reopening negotiations, he said he was acting in accordance with terms of the contract. Secretary of the Interior Krug first hedged on Lewis' demand, de-mand, then reportedly changed his mind when the department of justice jus-tice advised the UMW chief stood on firm ground. i isiiniir flm itrm-3 Find Ancient Reptile 'Vie 7 X "I - Identified tentatively as a tyran-nosaurus tyran-nosaurus or gorgonasaurus, a forbidding for-bidding prehistoric monster was discovered near Anchor Point, Alaska. Alas-ka. Measuring 18 feet, 10 inches long, the reptile had a head 3 feet, 6 inches long and 2 feet, 2 inches wide, and a tail 5 feet, 5 inches in length. Believed preserved for ages In an Alaskan glacier, the monster's mon-ster's body was covered with a leathery skin bristling with hair. CUBA: Comic Revolt Jumping the gun by a month, a band of Cuban revolutionists botched up an elaborately planned uprising to overthrow Pres. Ramon Grau San Martin. The comic climax to the shortlived short-lived revolt came when Ernesto de la Fe, a former newspaper man, marched on the Mariel garrison in the mistaken belief that the revolution revolu-tion was to get underway October 25 instead of November 25 as planned. Fighting alone, Fe and his men were quickly suppressed and government authorities proceeded pro-ceeded to round up leaders in other provinces. Per the custom of revolutions in the banana republics, deposed and disgruntled army leaders were implicated im-plicated in the Cuban fiasco. Followers Fol-lowers of former President Batista, General Benitez and other former army men were charged with being in the forefront of the plot, which envisaged winning military support for a grand march on Havana. ROOFING: The asphalt roofing industry has established a new record of production pro-duction and shipments to meet the needs of the veterans' housing program pro-gram and for necessary repairs and maintenance of existing houses according ac-cording to the department of commerce. com-merce. Current production of asphalt shingles and roll roofing is at tj,e rate of almost 75 million squares for the year, an increase of 39 per cent wver the wartime peak of 54 million squares in 1942. Along the Grandest Canyon: American favorite pta-up photo Is of FDR, according to the N. x. Frame and Picture firm; 563.214 or-ders. or-ders. The record sale in 52 years. . . Alan Wilson's capsule critique: "Harry Truman is the best example exam-ple of the old adage that ANYBODY can grow up to be president" . . . Lawrence Wasser just got back from Washington where he reports the sour gripe-vine has it that Tru man will run in '48-all the way back to Missouri. ... At the Zanzl-bar Zanzl-bar someone put it this way: "The reason Truman is getting all that abuse is that he's trying to be president pres-ident and vice president." . . . Word has gone out to the actors to steer clear of all leftish outfits. . . . Charlie Char-lie Wagner (of the Mirror's litree dept.) observing that Welcher Goer-tog Goer-tog died as he should, via cyanide, cyan-ide, which is rat poison. This Is Worth Money Dept.: A New Yorker was handed a summons sum-mons Friday at Lexington avenue subway station for throwing away a gum wrapper. . . . The fine cost him $2 for a hunk of one-cent gum. . . . They are getting $4,500 for a $1,200 Ford in Okla. ... In Call-fornia Call-fornia they get double the ceiling on cars. . . . JVuto insurance in Los Angeles has gone up 30 per cent . . . That was checked with three firms. The reason: The high accident acci-dent rate in L. A. To date, the disgraceful dis-graceful total is almost 700 deaths by traffic accidents. . . . Ozzie Nelson's Nel-son's epitaph for Goering & Co.: "May they roast in peacel" Broadway Ballad: (By Don Wahn): There will be always those who seek the dark. Whose minds are misty from an old refrain. . . . There will be al ways those who seek a spark. That glowed but once and will not glow again. . . . There Is a time when wine has lost its tang. There is a time when lies have turned to troth. . . . There Is no lilt to all the songs we sang. There is no road that wanders back to youth. ... So we are lost the indolent and gay. . . . Against the tide that sweeps away the years. ... 80 we must stand disconsolate and gray. To face the sadden surge of ancient fears. . . . The girls are ghosts the inns are shuttered tight. ... A cold wind blows against the cloak of night! Mldtown Vignette: Joan Fontaine (of the moving-pictures) got out of her sick bed, to which she had been confined (with the flu) for a week. . . . Joan then went to LaGuardia field to fly to Bermuda, hoping the sun and rest there would cure her sneezes, etc. ... At the airport she learned that the plane's departure had been postponed until late afternoon. after-noon. . . . Instead of returning to her bed, Joan and nurse went to John Frederics. . . . Where she purchased pur-chased five hats. . . . Then she went to Bergdorf-Goodman's and bought four frocks. ... At six the same evening she hopped to Bermuda. . . . Practically cured. The Washington Ticker: The big feud is between army brass-hats and the general accounting office over publication of the names of army big-guns who landed terrific Jobs with the firms whose contracts they terminated. . . . Medicine is conducting experiments to determine deter-mine the ability of the human eye to identify aircraft at supersonic jpeeds Our air force now can transport 100-bed platoon hospitals, hospi-tals, fully equipped and staffed, at ?p hV . . Plenty fireworks ii toe federal DA's office (with many SlTSE? ta a brawl over the Gottfried Baking Co. case. New York Novelette: He came to The Big Town with the big heart-from a small burg As nie a fella as you ever V 6 was ,rom ute lot its grlp on herand sh looked down on him as though he were Just another sucker rave him The Eye it was oU"Si... Before she got through with him she took him or Plenty.... Her friends Mnt mmd her shaking down some of the Broadway heel fnt they didn't like th fway he gave this kid The Bnsl im'' ' nobody in tteir Cwboy didn't 'rope -hke he sho,,,,, haved. ' tbleevyo me-She'. Bran'd! ofiJ At iuuse XNazis weren't ous on trioi, werent truni- Qa' '"St BUUrLa era 7 . otc 0 WJZ ne. e Democrats hope to lick T " Boulevard- '"n, . Al Williams Lufdn'ti toe series i h,J J 7 homer in tine cr... kept Eet- BradleyV r hal-" ' - At Bob nerv- hich- "Meat mate CLASSIFY nppa t? ti . AUTOS, TRUCKsT f USED CAR MArW 111 iiiPri, ... k innLiLKH AJHEKlCjl rrsW-tTf HOMES ON WHEE. 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Plnkham's Tableta an of the greatest blood-Iron WW" ' oan buy I At all drugstore- WNU W the B'i Lieln Thr-m Cleanse ,.r n r.,l nndf VM Tour kidney are eonitmntlTjjfj; waite matter from the blood '"L kidn.y. .ometimee lac lJJ?ii not act at Nature In'dear7j move Imparl tie that, U fVV poison the aystsm ana up body machinery. s hek(" Symptoms may be 'Sast,A.I3 persistent headache, attacks oJ rtini ap Bights, swell"1;, under the eyes a feelmf fjlp anxiety and loss of pep and Utner sign ol ktaney of "atl' order are sometime bomU too frequent urination. There should be no doubt tnV j, treatment is wiser than ''t' riS Coon s Pills. Doan'$ ha bfLV ow friends for more thsn 'tic They hare a nation-wide w Are recommended br grateful P"''" country orer. Atk tour fi 1 r As H it Hi |