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Show THE LEHI SUN, LEIII, UTAH JJ Friendly Russian Element Holds Out Hope for Peace By BAUKIIAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON, D. C "America has no foreign policy"! That li one of the bromides which has always been popular among critics of eovern- ment I don't Jfri. know on what the t f remark Is based If we haven't any foreign policy to-day, to-day, then many hundreds of thousands thou-sands of words have been expended ex-pended In comment com-ment on nothing. While the recent re-cent Byrnes-Wallace controversy was raging I spent many hours trying to find out Baukhage what our foreign policy toward Russia Rus-sia was supposed to be, and if so, why. I shall report as nearly as I can what I have heard. The report will not be In the formal language of diplomacy, in which, we have been told, words are used to conceal con-ceal thoughts. I report it, compressed, com-pressed, of course, but as nearly as possible in the phraseology used by gentlemen who ought to know what they are talking about. We start with the not-too-startling revelation that American negotiations negotia-tions with Russia are complicated and difficult. They are complicated because it appears the approach must be made along two separate paths, each leading lead-ing to a separate Russian group. They are difficult because there are unusual obstacles put in the way of the diplomat, especially our representatives in Moscow; obstacles ob-stacles which, I am assured, must be encountered at close quarters to be appreciated. The two groups, since neither is homogeneous nor closely identifiable, identifi-able, might better be referred to as two elements. One comprises that great indefinable and inarticulate body, roughly classified as "the Russian people." Americans who have spent some time in Russia and who have enjoyed such contact as Is permitted with the Russian people, peo-ple, say they are devoted to their country with a Spartan loyalty, sensitive sen-sitive to its shortcomings, proud of its achievements. Many in this group, especially those who have met Americans, like us. All want to know more about us. For example, they devour de-vour the big, propaganda, picture magazine "Amerika" printed in their language and distributed by our embassy. Formerly we distributed distrib-uted 35,000 copies. Later we were permitted -to increase the printing to 50,000 copies. It is estimated that a hundred Russians read each copy of Amerika; it is black-marketed at a high price and read to tatters. tat-ters. This group admires and respects mechanical know-how, our Industries, Indus-tries, our technical skills. Officially there has been no propaganda to cry down American achievement in the production fields, but rather exhortations ex-hortations to emulate and surpass us. Soviet Officials Hate America The other Russian element which we have to consider and with which we deal directly is composed of the leaders, the party bureaucrats, the secret police. They hate America with an almost incredible hatred. Their attitude is so extreme that it does not seem real; it appears to be prompted by a policy, rather than a normal, human, emotional reaction. If either of these two elements existed alone it would be simpler to establish a line of procedure. But, my informant points out, each element ele-ment requires a separate and different dif-ferent approach, since the two contradict con-tradict each other. Because the only visible hope for an understanding with Russia depends de-pends on the semi-friendly group, nothing must be said or done in our relations with the other (now in power) which would make it seem that we are building a wall against Russia. That impression would al-ienate al-ienate any potential sympathy the semi-friendly ones might feel for us. This dual approach was exemplified exempli-fied by the Byrnes speech calling for the unification of Germany, under un-der a single government, with all four occupying countries acting together to-gether as co-directors of the whole. Byrnes made the proposal inclusive. BARBS Animal lovers were glad to learn that the blooded horses held aboard strike-bound ships finally agreed to disregard the picket lines something some-thing a well-trained army horse would hesitate to do. Annabelle tells me that every young man in a snappy suit of tweeds isn't necessarily a wulf in s ens clo-nirg 1 irf 1 1 Bitf3-iih)li)im(ltft'TliMII J Russia would participate equally with the rest The intention of the United States was firmly stated. There would be union of British and Americans, presumably the French, and the Russians too, if they consented. con-sented. If the Russians refused, the United States would go ahead with the plan but it would not slam the door on Russia. We are to be friendly but we must be firm. That is what makes nego tiations so difficult. To convince the "haters" we mean what we say, the United States must state its decisions de-cisions firmly and emphatically, outline out-line exactly what we will do and will not do; what we will permit Russia to do and not do. Our firmness has to depend on our words. We cannot use force, because be-cause we have not the force available avail-able to use. This, however, does not mean we cannot succeed, because I am optimistically op-timistically assured the Russians are weaker than we are. Although their military forces on the continent con-tinent of Europe are stronger than those of the Allies, it is believed that the Russians lack the economic, econom-ic, physical or moral strength to engage en-gage in a major war and they know that in the long run the rest of the world can develop a greater power. Politically they have not the influence, in-fluence, either, to risk withdrawal from the United Nations. They know they could not take a sufficient suffi-cient number of other nations out with them and thus, withdrawal would mean ostracism and threats from the rest of the world. This the Russians know as well as we do. Leave Door Open For Co-Operation Is there hope? My informants answer an-swer yes, but it will be a long haul. This is why: Russia cannot fight a major war for five or ten years. She might seize all of Europe temporarily, tem-porarily, but she realizes she could not hold it, that she would be defeated defeat-ed in the end. It would take five to ten years for Russia to build a force strong enough to risk a war. Meanwhile, America hopes and believes that if the door of co-operation is left open, and if by example, the haters see that co-operation will benefit Russia, not hurt her, internally and externally, exter-nally, then either the haters will change their policy, or the other friendlier element will force them to do so. This does not mean there will be a revolution in Russia. The loyalty to the present system or the power to enforce loyalty is too great. But it means that American statesmen feel they can hold back the non-co-operators without risk of war until un-til Russia is convinced that she can benefit more through co-operative methods than by force of arms. Mechanical Typewriter Latest Invention If there had been a word-counting device on my typewriter, I would not be writing this end-piece now. But it is just as well authors haven't adopted these wordometers or they might find their thoughts being be-ing regimented. The typewriter has already advanced ad-vanced far in it3 evolution. There is now a typewriter for the Chinese (with their 5,400 (believe-it-or-not) characters. It is a product of the miracle working International Business Busi-ness Machines corporation. But it is no miracle for IBM which built a gadget used at the Nuernberg trials, tri-als, whose dial we could twist to produce with equal fluency, English, French, Russian or German, regardless re-gardless of what language was being be-ing spoken. Of course human beings be-ings lightning translators are cogs in its works. The Nuernberg trials lasted too long as it was but they would have lasted four times as long, if it hadn't been for IBM. I understand a typewriter is being be-ing perfected into which you talk and which obligingly types the words you speak with no manual effort on your part. How, I wonder, would this recording typewriter spell: If you spell the word "house" on the ordinary ordi-nary keyboard it comes out that way, h-o-u-s-e. But if the machine operated by sound. ' "house", depending de-pending on where the speaker was born, might come out "ha-ows"; "idea" might appear as "idear"; For my part I should be very happy hap-py if a gadget were invented which would spell better than my typewriter type-writer can or even if the gadget would produce a synonym now and then after I had repeated the same shopworn word three times. by Baukhage In the midst of the maritime and trucking strikes, Manhattan's bar-ber's bar-ber's helpers and manicurists walked out It made little differenceNew differ-enceNew Yorkers had already bitten bit-ten their nails short over previous troubles. Some dogs and husbands won't stay home, no matter how well you feed them. .WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS War Crimes Verdicts Establish Historic Precedent; World Bank Ready to Aid Reconstruction . Raiaased by Weetern (EDITOR'S NOTE I Wbea aplnlona ara tiprea.ed In tbasa lamnt lha ara ' Waatara Nawapaaet Unloaa analyata and aa naeaaaarllt at Una aewapaaar.i WW1 t " if 'A A . "A-- ,f J ' Acting quickly to prevent spread of the squatter movement In Canada, authorities arrested its leaders, Edward Hanratty (top) and George Bleakney (bottom), on 26 counts of forcibly entering government govern-ment property and obstructing police. Despite arrest of leaders, squatters who moved into buildings expropriated or built by the government gov-ernment for war purposes showed no inclination to leave. WAR CRIMES: Pay Penalty The sly smile was gone from the face of Hermann Goering. Standing Stand-ing before the international war crimes tribunal, the former No. 2 Nazi who had risen and fallen with his party's fortunes, glared at the U. S., British, French and Russian judges with a hard, grim face. "Defendant Hermann Wilhelm Goering," Justice Geoffrey Lawrence Law-rence intoned, "on the counts of the indictment by which you have been convicted, the tribunal sentences you to death by hanging." Less than one hour later, 18 other top Nazis found guilty had heard their judgment, with 10 condemned to share the noose with Goering; three receiving life imprisonment and four terms of from 10 to 20 years. Of the 21 tried, only foxy Franz von Papen, ace diplomat; Hjalmar Schacht, financial wizard who had set up Hitler's intricate barter system; and Hans Fritzche, propagandist, were freed. Of the three, the majority of U. S., British and French judges declared For Hermann: Journey's End that Von Papen confined his efforts to diplomacy; Schacht openly opposed op-posed Nazi policies, and Fritzche did not goad his listeners to brutalities. bru-talities. The Russians rapped the acquittals. Acquittal of the Nazi high command com-mand and general staff of war crimes charges was greeted with relief re-lief in military circles the world over, army and navy men declaring that the decision freed soldiers of fear of reprisals in future wars for engaging in their countries' defenses or following superiors commands. Culminating nine months of hearings, hear-ings, the war crimes trials held at Nuernberg established a historic precedent for the legal outlawry of aggressive warfare, and abuse of populations. OPA: Neiv Hikes Consumers' food costs are expected ex-pected to soar 60 million dollars a year as a result of increases of 2 cents a pound for oleomargarine, cooking and salad oils, mayonnaise, salad dressing and shortening granted by OPA. At the same time, costs of bed linen and tablecloths were scheduled sched-uled to go up about 2 per cent and OVER THERE: Impressive simplicity and beauty characterize European cemeteries where lie the remains of Americans who died in World War II, obser-ers obser-ers told a convention of the National Na-tional Selected Morticians in Chicago. Chi-cago. They also declared that the army is using scientific methods to establish identity of remains of bodies buried permanently overseas or to be returned. lafttfSihrWfMrtBi i lli) VftMl'ii a i'TiliWyin f i Newspaper Union "i, - $ - , i ft V-M V t 15 cotton garments 1 per cent following follow-ing the fourth hike in prices of cotton cot-ton textile fabrics and. yarns since August 1. Mills received a 2 per cent boost. Secretary or Agriculture Anderson's Ander-son's monthly certification of a shortage of meat, portending the retention of price control, was another an-other item of major interest to consumers. con-sumers. Under the new OPA law, the secretary must list farm products prod-ucts in short or adequate supply to determine whether they shall con tinue to be controlled. By declaring declar-ing meat short and keeping it under regulation, Anderson headed off an industry appeal to the decontrol board to remove price curbs. WORLD BANK: Ready to Loan As war-ravaged countries shook off the first -shock of postwar dislocation dis-location and laid the foundation for economic recovery, the internation. al bank , and exchange fund set up in Washington, D. C., announced its readiness to advance credit for long-range reconstruction and trade. Asking for 600 million dollars, Poland Po-land led the early procession of ap plicants, with France requesting 500 million and Czechoslovakia 350 mil' lion. Chile announced that it would seek 40 million dollars to develop a steel industry. In its first report since organiza tion, the bank declared that with the passing of relief designed to tide recipients over the immediate postwar period of dislocation, the time has come to rebuild the econ omy of battered countries upon a productive basis. In an accompanying report, the exchange fund heralded the loosen ing of blocked accounts for renewed world trade, and disclosed it was willing to advance currency for purchases to countries still lacking adequate trade balances and pro- duction MARITIME: Another Walkout Having just settled one costly maritime strike, federal labor con ciliators were faced with the neceS' sity of ending another one. Mem bers of the CIO Marine Engineers Beneficial association and the AFL Masters, Mates and Pilots walked out at both east and west coasf ports over operators' refusals to hire through the unions. While the AFL also was asking for a 30 per cent wage increase and the CIO a 35 per cent boost, the hiring issue comprised the prur cipal bone of contention between the negotiators, and U. S. conciliators concentrated on its settlement. Meanwhile, the maritime situ ation was further complicated by the CIO International Longshoremen's Longshore-men's and Warehousemen's demands de-mands on west coast dock employ ers for new safety regulations and a wage increase of 33 cents an hour over the prevailing rate of $1.37. Full Bag for Santa Toy production for 1946 will reach 250 million dollars in retail re-tail sales despite the impact of strikes and material shortages, L. M. MacDonald, president of the Toy Manufacturers of the U. S., declared. Dolls will account for approximately approx-imately 40 million dollars at retail re-tail value this year, MacDonald estimated. Stuffed toys will account ac-count for 16 million. DIPLOMACY: Stay Tough Its foreicn policy reaffirmed by President Truman after the tem- norarv uDset occasioned by ex-Com merce Secretary Wallace's pro-Rus sian speech in New York, the U. S. made no bones about its determination determina-tion to implement that policy in the troubled Mediterranean area. Hardlv had the ink dried on the Russian note to Turkey demanding consultations between the two countries on joint defense of the vital Dardanelles straits than Secretary Sec-retary of Navy Forrestal announced in Washington that American fleet units were in the Mediterranean to support U. S. military forces and protect U. S. interests and back its policies. Previously, the state department had stated that the huge aircraft carrier, three cruisers and seven destroyers in the Mediterranean were making good will visits and courtesv calls to friendly countries. Thus, Forrestal' s blunt disclosure was further' evidence of this country's coun-try's stiffening attitude against Rus sian expansion in the area. Turks Firm Russian Insistence on joint control of the Dardanelles with Turkey after the latter bad rejected re-jected a previous demand with U. S. and British backing pointed point-ed up the Near East as a continuing con-tinuing potential trouble spot and stage for a diplomatic war of nerves. Upon receipt of the Soviet note , that the question of control was primarily a matter for Russian-' Turkish discussion and Turkish refusal re-fusal signified a distrust of the Reds, the Turkish government readied it self for any , eventuality. Declaring the country " was on a military alert, a government spokesman warned that Turkey would be pre pared to enter a war "in five min utes." Hitting at international control of the Dardanelles, Russia asserted that the Black sea countries bordering bor-dering the vital straits could only be assured of free use of the waterway if they themselves exer cised supervision. .' BASEBALL: 1946 Kingpins Nineteen forty-six was a gala year for big league baseball, with the St. Louis Cardinals and Brook lyn Bums adding a fitting climax by finishing in a dead heat for the National Na-tional league gonfalon. gon-falon. As a new attend ance record of 18,-595,032 18,-595,032 was set, diamond dia-mond enthusiasts saw Stan Musial of Stan Musial St. Louis cop the National league batting champion ship with a .367 average, and Mickey Vernon of Washington lead the junior jun-ior circuit with .353. Clubbing 16 homers in the last month of the season, Hank Greenberg of Detroit hammered out a total of 44 to head both leagues. Enos Slaughter of the St. Louis Cardinals batted in 128 runs to lead both circuits, and Pete Reiser of Brooklyn with 35 stole the most bases. Hal Newhouser of Detroit and Bob Feller of Cleveland each pitched his team to 26 victories to top the big league moundsmen. In ad- Mickey Vernon dition' FeUer whiiz-ed whiiz-ed his fire-ball past 348 batters to better Rube Wad-dell's Wad-dell's official strikeout record of 343. LIBERALS: Map Action In a meeting strongly reminiscent of the progressive era of the early 1900's, U. S. liberals met in the Hotel Ho-tel Continental in Chicago to chart their steps for the coming months and impending congressional elections. elec-tions. With the ClO-Political Action committee, National Citizens Political Polit-ical Action committee and Independent Independ-ent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions sponsoring the meet it was agreed to cross party lines in the approaching elections elec-tions to support candidates sympathetic sympa-thetic to liberal principles. The liberals drew up this platform: plat-form: DOMESTIC: Enactment of the Wagner-Ellender-Taft housing bill; federal health insurance; expansion of the ever-normal granary to all crops; establishment of a Missouri Valley authority, and tax exemption for sub-standard incomes. FOREIGN: Opposition to additional addi-tional U. S. military bases as a good will gesture; recognition of spheres of influence among the great powers pow-ers and outlawing of atomic weap. ons. DENTAL CARE: For Vets Veterans in 33 states now may receive treatment for service-connected dental ailments from their "home-town" dentists ,and 10 additional addi-tional state dental societies are completing negotiations with the Veterans administration to enter the program. Under the new arrangement any dentist who is recommended by the state dental society and who agrees to work for stipulated fees can treat eligible vets. .'(El miiij i rv i ii mil 4 1 " '01 f j," i Memos to All Editor: The antl-Roosevelts are using this: A Republican (Chicago) paper's reporter re-porter asked Bob Hannegan: "Who'll be your candidate in '48 Truman?" "Nope," Hannegan replied (don't forget this is an alleged joke), "not strong enough. The public apparently appar-ently no like." "Could it be Wallace?" pumped the reporter. "Hell, no! Can't take chances with him. They think he's a Red." "Well," said the scribe, "if it ain't Truman or Wallace, who do you think it might be?" 'Oh," said Hannegan, "I dunno! There's plenty of time. We'll dig up someone." 1 1 "Oh, NO!" roared the Republi-crat Republi-crat "not HIM!" Prof. Manne Slegbahn's trip here is for several confs with Einstein, He's Sweden's top atoman (collab-ber (collab-ber of Lise Meitner). ... The influential in-fluential members on Eisenhower's staff are for "complete remobiliza-tion." remobiliza-tion." ... Dr. Paul Scheffer (see clips in morgue) was once chief of nazi spy ring in Russia. Now very active here. One of the top propagandists propa-gandists for "getting the U. S. into a war with Russia soon as possible." . . . When Field Marshal Montgomery Montgom-ery was honor-guest (at the Barbi-zon-Plaza) a man, en route to the SOCi floor, was hauled back into the elevator and made to identify himself him-self before the law in the foyer. Said to be J. D. Rockefeller Jr. I Add significant Russ-U. S. notes: The Russian purchasing commission in Washington (which numbers about 300 expert ex-pert Soviet engineers and technicians) tech-nicians) is discharging its U. S. employees, preparatory to shutting shut-ting down Jan. 1. That means, I'm told, the Russians do not expect to buy from us any more the way things stand now, etc. Reminder: Great Britain and Russia signed a non-aggression treaty in 1941. Which side would British be on in event of conflict, con-flict, considering treaties are pieces of papyrus? . . . Big news expected from Puerto Rico during next few months. Break said to come between be-tween Luis Munos Marin, president of the senate there and most powerful power-ful political figure in islands and Jesus Pinero, Truman's appointment for the governorship. . ; . Cost of atombs are down to a mere million each. That sounds expensive, but look at it this way: The entire civilized civ-ilized world can now be destroyed for less than the war cost the U. S., 70 billion. Reason Russians so cocky lately is they allegedly have cosmic ray bomb. Plan Inviting Invit-ing Americans and other nations to a demonstration of the new weapon in their "war of nerves." . . . Insiders unimpressed, unim-pressed, claiming we have a weapon that makes the Atomb obsolete. . . . Senator Bob La-Follette La-Follette may head a non-gov't committee to study all phases of modernizing the federal gov't. This new outfit will be financed by wealthy citizens, some of whom held high gov't ' posts during the war. N. T. Novelette: The ABC network net-work had a correspondent in Tokyo. His name, Joe Julian. . v . He went to Hiroshima to do a . broadcast months after the atomb fell. ... As Julian walked along rubble-strewn streets he met a man on a bike, who introduced himself. . . . "I'm the Reverend Tanimoto," he said. . . . He was of great help to the broadcaster in getting material, etc. ... A year later Julian Cwho is also an actor) found himself jobless. . . . Last week, while wandering about Radio city he was spotted by the director of the John Hersey-Hiroshima Hersey-Hiroshima broadcast Julian was engaged to read one of the parts. ... It was the role of the stranger Joe met in Hiroshima the Rev. Tanimoto! The Late Watch: Elliott got 25 Gs for that mag series. . . . Truman (as we first hinted long ago) personally per-sonally doesn't want to run again. If he does, they'll have to drag him via the draft That explains why he is so "candid." ... The White House is spreading happiness to the Germans in Germany and to the Republicans in America. . . . Our foreign policy is about as clear as the mud diplomats have been throwing throw-ing at each other. ... Too many American leaders are arguing about our foreign policy instead of explaining explain-ing it . Mr. Peron's Austrian friend, Fritz MandL reported inquiring about possibilities of buying a newspaper here or Philly. His Buenos Aires office is working with experts on preparations for a news syndicate and newspaper chain for Latin America. . . . Argentina will use an dollar assets to purchase military mili-tary equipment and machinery from U. S. . . . British and U S. brass in JaDan not hittino it - a uii li wm lut weu. ine Tommies feel ere being treated like sojers 2nd-rate Dower. they of a 5 ftl WHEN CONSTIPATION makes . punk ts the dickens, brings on iwt upset, sour taste, gassv difw take Dr. CddweuVfamou. S to quickly pull the trigger on ?? cards" and help jou feel briehtZ chipper again. " DR. CALDWELL'S is the wenderfo J na laxative contained in good old Sm. Pepsin to make it so easy to take. MANY DOCTORS use pepsia ml tions in prescriptions to make the m ! cine more palatable and agreeabhk-take. agreeabhk-take. So be sure your laxative is J t tainedin Syrup Pepsin. " i INSIST ON DR. CALDWELl'S-th. J vorite of millions for 50 years, and ? that wholesome relief from const' tion. Even finicky children love it "f CAUTION s Use only as directed. I DRAWEES SENNA IAXAT1YE I contained in SYRUP PEPSIjj THE TIME TESTED lnhil ,he ''d. tronwit IMM1UMT """" ol L,R- -W MANN'S ASTHMAD0B the next time you have TREATMENT attack of bronchial asthma. ASTHMAD0R is inexpensive easy to use - nothing to ukt internally -s dependable, effective treatment that helps relieve the agony of the attack -aids distressed breathing. Sold by druggists everywhere under our money-back guarama -three convenient forms: ASTHMADOl powder, cigarettes or pipe mixture. of cases showed clinical improve ment after only 10 days treatment with soretone in impartial, scientific test. SORETONE Made by McKesson t Robblns Soil alls easy-tack pur iotas 50 2nd $1.00 f ouu Brush" Applkitei I JUST A BIACKIEVWJ DASH IN FEATHERS. CO MUCH fATM CHIMNtYS, ly. trnVES r. UM TS V"l c uc a i iim w -1s-- WILL NOT HARM ANY METAL TT takes so little. Just two table-1 Aspoons of XZIT sprinkled in tw nre once a week keeps your cmnuw stove, and heating unit cleared soot Soot can be dangerous, for sort often causes costly chimney fire Don't take chances. Use XZIT regularly. regu-larly. XZIT sprinkled freely in fireplace or firebox quickly and efftc-tively efftc-tively extinguishes chimney fires-Keep fires-Keep a supply of XZIT on hanf Ask for XZIT SOOT ERADIC' TOR at your grocery, hardware, drug or fuel supply store. 1 SSOO So. Hoover St., Los Angeles 4. OA 780.6 liiiiiin ti i""r a if, iA Mia with K&h 21 -5 V 5 r' SOOT ERADICATCK j J Beautify ggtffl j xz,TiAlHB0WC0iil!SlJl available at all stores ; BEAUTIFUL. NOVEL. ENCHANJ1N5 ; ' fooler tjther, udge1 ipace fcrent much to tow 5 1 do bui fticlud: Id wa kind. kernel 5ery J itioni tjiat d goods eardec very Of it. 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