Show ORCHARD SHOULD SHO LD HAVE PLACE pi c ON N FARM F M o t tN t YA N e i v V Ve i i e 6 Q Qt t R A f fu w u v r r ty L. L Frazer Apple Tree in Eastern Washing Washington ton The apple is the most cosmopolitan cosmopolitan of all nil fruits th the most valuable delicious delicious deli dell cious healthful and interesting A good orchard Is the joy of the whole family and should have n a n place on every farm wl where apples can be grown successfully SIt Jt is unquestionably the first fruit In importance in America says a n writer In Successful il Considering its adaptability to itO all sorts of climates its superior culinary qualities and its health-giving health properties proper proper- properties properties ties It Is very hard to understand how one can plan plau plana a farmstead without Including in 1 eluding at fit least least 40 40 tO apple trees In Iii spite of the wide adaptation of of different varieties of apples the per per- soual element enters into the problem m to a n very large extent With respect to apples the farmer Is more influential than soil or climate Some Soine of the best varieties may be he grown to a n high degree degree de Ide- de gree of perfection In nearly every state staten In n the Union Before deciding an orchard for family use one should study the matter with some care makIng making mak mak- ing sure that varieties are selected 1 that do not have to be grafted overBy over By careful study It is possible Ito to tomake make up a list of trees for the home orchard th that t will provide a succession of fruit from midsummer until late lute inthe in inthe inthe the winter or early spring It ils as important to know what to leave out as it is to know what to plant By testing out new varieties on single grafts rafts one can experiment with other varieties to determine If they are adapted to his soil and climate Making the Start One must understand at the beginning beginning beginning begin begin- ning that an apple tree needs cultivation tion and fertilizing just as ns much as ns a n arow arow row of corn or a n field of grain yet ret as ns asa asa a n rule nothing is so neglected and starved The first problem is fitting the ground for planting n an and I know of no better or cheaper method than plowing plowIng plowIng plow- plow Ing under a thick heavy sod in the fall planting a n hoed crop the next spring sowing a n cover crop the crop the next fall and plowing again In the spring and fitting for planting the trees The trees must have an abundant supply of phosphoric acid and potash and enough nitrogen to stimulate a healthy growth of wood The roots must be protected during the winter with a n cover coyer crop and if the orchard Is exposed to winds and sever storms It Is well to plant a windbreak on the exposed sides i A double row of or pear trees or other otner close close- rowing fruit or ornamental trees will form a n very effectual If ne has sufficient land an ever ever- evern r roo 3 n hedge IR is desirable Site for Orchard In In selecting a site for the family orchard the he best land in close proximity ity to the house other lother conditions beIng being being be be- ing favorable should be selected There is no acre of land on the farm that will pay better returns than the apple orchard Select soil that Is well drained by natural or artificial drain drain- age In selecting nursery stock it is best to buy trees that have haste been grown In your own locality It ItIs Is a n well-known well fact that trees and vines adapt themselves themselves themselves them them- of the selves to the soil and climate section where they were grown grO and I believe that it is true in to the apple tree Always get nursery stock from the same latitude latitude latitude lati lati- BO so O fur far as you can tude especially do not send far South for tor apple trees Buy your trees of ot good nod reliable nurserymen specify what you ou want be willing to pay for tor forit forit to obtain obtain obtain ob ob- It is possible it and md buy when tain them Many will not agree with buy one old trees me tae when I say Bay but I am convinced from rom experience One better results that they will give ghe older trees Is s uncertainty In buying the fact that many of them are suits culls One Scar that are carried over trees are ure easy to handle they are justas Just dust Justas the of if parts as vi vigorous orous and In many country where low heading Is practiced desired they are easier to train in the way Crops In Jn Orchard to grow in the Now Nosy as ns to crops orchard You can grow an any young thorough cultivation hoed crop that requires too toor not take up that does and anti I of ot moisture Potatoes great preat r quantities I tomatoes and all market vegetables or small fruits will do well in an nn orchard These hese crops ClOPS will help pay for the use of the theland land dand when fertilized liberally and what hat is not not utilized by these crops from year to year ear will supply plant food for ifor the young trees Such crops also serve sen-e the functions of a cover coyer crop and prevent the loss of moisture and fertility The more attention you ou give glye to cultivating and fertilizing the crops that are grown In the orchard the better better bet bet- ter care you ou are giving tl the e trees One fundamental error in orchard planting is setting out the trees too close and putting out too many varieties vane varie- ties Of course 40 feet seems a long distance apart for little trees but afew afew a n few years Is sure to bring many changes and if we succeed in growing fine trees we must give them plenty of room ito spread Pears peaches and plums nay may be planted between the trees and by the time the apple trees come into bearing they will be ready to remove Trees Headed Back Trees rees should be headed back when the they are planted The modern medium medium- headed t type pe is to be preferred If we we- we get a tree headed from three to four feet It must be a n suitable tree to begin with Select trees with a n stem of moderate height so that when It comes to Abe be the proper size you rou can have a good bearing capacity on the trees When the trees are planted prune each little branch back to within a n few buds budsin in a n way will make a good framework framework framework frame frame- work in the air nir Tr Try to build a frame around an open center If It the tree makes a n good growth the first year head it back about third one-third of the years year's gro growth th and continue the same heading back k methods as ns long as ns it is possible to reach the limbs from the ground so as to secure a n solid and compact form of a u tree Winter Vinter and spring pruning will give the best re re- suits One mistake made anade b by many growers growers' Is that of ot not spraying the young trees Dipping the nursery stock in a n mixture of sufficient u strength to kill every trace of San J Jose ose scale will do no harm and it may do a great grent amount of good sulphur Lime-sulphur is the best remedy and It will do the business Mix 1 a n barrel of the mixture and dip the trees down to the roots before planting them and get started right After that give an annual spraying with lime It not only destroys the San Jose scale and all other scales but it is good for all forms of ot disfigurement and discoloration discoloration discolor discolor- on a n tree and makes it health healthy and vigorous If we keep ahead of the numerous insect and fungus pests we must get right after them at nt the very start 1 i |