Show WELLS FOR IRRIGATION Three Absolute Essentials Given for Water Source peeper Deeper the Water Is In Well the Greater Will Be the Pressure Casing Sh Should uld Be Constructed Construct- Construct ed From Top to Bottom In giving three absolute essentials for tor any good artesian or Irrigation well rell H H. M. M Madison In the Texas Stockman and Farmer says Bays We Wo say absolute essentials for tor wo we cannot conceive of at there being a aa good goodwell goodwell goodwell well without having these throe three char char- Stated briefly they are areas areas areas as follows First The First The well must be completely complete complete- ly cased eased from tram top to bottom Second The Second The casing must be so BO set met that not only Is there no no leaks but there can cannot lOt arise any around the he outside of at the pipe t i t Third With Third With the fewest exceptions trainers should bo be put in well There are good reasons for lor each of which are herewith given A column column col col- col- col umu of water one Inch square weighs a little over oyer one half pound to the foot Water standing two hundred feet teet In a well would nearly pounds to the square Inch In other words the pressure of water standing ZOO JOO feet deep In a well would be nearly nearly nearly near near- ly pounds to the square Inch This Is a pressure fully lis as great as Is carried In any stationary boiler Jt It Is easy to see that the deeper the water In hi a well the greater will be bethe bethe bethe the pressure Where water stands 1000 feet In a well the pressure is about pounds to the square inch a pressure so great that no boiler ever bul built t would sustain It and If applied to the strongest steel boiler now built would blow It Into atoms and scatter them for Cor over oyer a mile mUo carrying death md end destruction In the path Now stop and think for a a. moment I 1 The pressure at the bottom of a 1000 foot well Is nearly pounds Suppose there was a hole or vent In Inthe Inthe inthe the side of the well wouldn't that water water water wa wa- ter be forced out through it But here In south southwest weIst Texas It Is scarcely scarcely scarce scarce- ly possible to drill a well without going through sand gravel and loose toil If there Is no casing put Inthe inthe in inthe the well Is not the enormous pres pres- sure of water going to drive much of I It out through this sand sana gravel graveland end and loose soil Government and ether other reports show that an average of one-half one of at the water of an uncased uncased un un- cased well Is lost by being driven out through the sand gravel loo loose rock and soil soU In the strata through which the well Is drilled In many ells tells there Is even a greater loss than this I Let us put It a little differently As uncased well that will Irrigate acres would if cased Irrigate acres Or put it still differently one cased well will do the same servIce service servIce ice that two uncas uncased d wells will do It does not cost as much to case a awell awell awell well as It does to drill one so there Is no such thing as sa saying Ing it will save mone money to leave a well un un- cased It would seem that an absolutely absolutely absolutely sufficient reason has been given for saying that the complete casing of at a well from top to bottom Is ls essential It would also seem that on account of Df this enormous water pressure in- in ride lide the casing that It is plain if there was any leak around the out- out I Ide of the casing the water would be forced through this leak and then lath Into the sand gravel loose rock and Boll soil around the outside of at the casing There would not be so much forced through to be sure If there was no casing but there would be a a. loss Sometimes this loss Is as great as to cause the public to think there Is a a. a failing Calling water supply There is a way to prevent this leak leakage leakage leakage age around the outside of the casing It Is usually called setting the casing cas ens- lag ing In lead We are not going Into EH nn explanation of this Just here but suffice it to say Bay no contract ought ever to be let or signed for drilling a BL w well ll that did not fully and clearly specify the casing was to be set in lead In such a a. way there was and co could Id not be any leakage around th the pipe There are some special cases where flaxseed are used to stop leakages leakages leak leak- ages Iges and there are others where the pipe can be set In cap r rock ck so well there will be no leakage But Dut set It must be so there Is no leakage this Is the second essential of a good IrrIgation irrigation Irrigation Ir Ir- well |