Show f n C iRr y p t tW k r h hS S r V MME f Salt Merchant of Morocco Whose Salt Is Also Used for Money Prepared by the tho National Society Washington D. D C. C 1 Ab Abyssinia which has VV ETHIOPIA hitherto got along without a money of Its own is taking steps toward establishing a currency and aDd coinage s system stem on a gold basis I Most Host of the citizens are now using for their purchases bars of ot salt snit rifle rUle cartridges cartridges cartridges cart cart- ridges and even en empty bottles and tin cans caDS The money necessary in International International In ln dealings has been furnished furnIshed furnished fur fur- In limited supply by Maria Marla Theresa Introduced a number of ot years ago from Austria and und by a u small email amount of ot paper mone money issued by a branch of bt the National Bank ank of Egypt established In Addis Ababa capItal capItal capital cap cap- ital of Ethiopia This bank Is to be purchased by the Ethiopian government government government govern govern- ment as a first step in its Us program to set up a currency and coinage system v- v When Ethiopia Issues her first bank ban banknotes banknotes k notes and certificates these bits of or Inked paper will represent the latest link In the ver very long chain of the evo- evo of ot money In earliest times v v. v l n man traded or bartered one product nor or article for another But the need Deed 1 i for a common denominator of value 0 1 became apparent even en with the first glimmerings of civilization The skins Z of animals served ser in this way Yay when J man was still a hunter while shells became the first money of ot tribes living v J 0 near Dear the sea When man settled down and became an agriculturist or aT u a f T hn herdsman grain and cattle came into use as his measures of values The Them 4 m ox was big money the sheep small J change There were certain disadvantages In Busing live stock as mone money For one t r V thing It Jt might walk away awny in the V V night for another it consumed much V provender euder There were es about small change for the er very purchase put pur- chase of such edibles as ns kettles of ot i fish and messes of pottage The human geography of the Near East which had been pastoral about this time got an nn Industrial urge A Away way way a had been found of extracting a n fractal m metal tal from the earth of the Island of Cyprus handily set In the eastern Mediterranean The Romans nomans later twisted the name of this Island In I such a wa way that the modern word copper was derived from It How Copper Became Money y 7 Copper pots began to appeal and like like cuttle cattle were universally prized i t Merchants would exchange whatever er they had In their stalls f for or copper pots and the 0 demand for them was more more nearly universal than for any f other object The copper pot was waa therefore money Then Into this region came one imbued im t hued buedith wIth ith an idea of importance Instead Instead Instead In In- stead of presenting pots for use In facilitating facilitating far fa fa- r barter he lie would tender the copper of which the they were made lie Ile would offer It In a convenient con form made up Into a strip which he called J oJ o olus No definite Idea of Its size survives sur es but it was said that six sis made madea a handful The marked a great advance ance toward the use of cola coin The scene shifted to the west Italy as It awoke from barbarism adopted a unit of copper as a measure of val value ne It c called the unit as a Roman noman pound of 12 or ounces and It ft came Into general use Copper served the purpose of mone money because of Its intrinsic value The Theas Theas as ns had the value of a pound of cop cop- per Human nature being the same then as now it soon came to pass that people made the time as in a weight a little Jess less than a pound and profited to the extent of ot the metal thus saved They learned to mix certain quantities of ot baser and cheaper metals with the copper copper cop cop- per per and their currency deteriorated orated Thus a step toward the development develop develop- ment meat of or actual money was forced on the nations Governing powers found It Jt necessary to step Into the breach to 0 test metals used as money to put their stamps guaranteeing quality and weight upon them and by bj this avenue copper coins arrived As B the centuries passed In the Mediterranean Medi area copper became plentiful pleat pleat- ful fol and Its purchasing power de de- creased 0 Rome nome was getting much of the earth of C Cyprus Thus It developed de that an average householder of ot ancient Rome nome going to market to buy for tor a feast day would need aced to pack a donkey to bear 1 I. t r the he weight of the copper for tor his shop shop- y plug ping 0 The metal came to be too bulky bully In to Its value Yet It held 1 R ite r flIM lm until another metal appeared i 0 that better served money purposes That metal was silver er The map of the civilized world was expanding Spain had begun to produce Civilization moved westward and Charlemagne established an empire of ot the French In the Eighth century on ona ona ona a sliver silver standard He Ile formally decreed de decreed de- de creed that the pound of silver sil should be the basic measure of ot value and a continent accepted his edict So It happens that In France toda today the word argent means money mone although Its literal significance is sll silver ver Money of England Money Ioney history began to be written In another geographical area Tho The English began to talk of ot the pound in designating a money unit This Is la lathe the time sliver silver pound of ot Charlemagne Originally pennies were made mad from the pound of sliver silver and although the pound sterling has become a measure of ot alue value and not of ot weight the relation to the old value standard continues pence to the pound sterling The English word shilling has a geographical origin that is quite differ ent It was first used by the time blonde barbarians of the North These warriors warriors war warS and their opponents were given glyen to v wearIng earing rings and arm bands made of or sliver silver or gold After battles the rings of the slain were highly prized b by the victors and were gathered and properly distributed by an who had charge of ot this division of f spoils lie He was known as the ring breaKer and andu u was as actually the first treasur treasury official of these northern tribes The rings were so made that they broke up Into bits of a somewhat uniform uniform uni uni- form size sire One fragment was called a In the North It was was waa an an earl early form of ot money and from it came the shilling so dear to the English English English Eng Eng- lish heart today The world was short of actual money money mon mono ey from Caesar to Columbus There was little progress during that long longstretch longstretch longstretch stretch and there appears to be some soundness In the theory that the absence absence ab ab- ab sence of a circulating medium of sum sufficient dent quantity to make male development de possible was In part the reason forthe forthe for forthe the stagnation Yet despite Its scarcity scarcity scar scar- city money events were taking place about the map of Europe and seem in retrospect to have been in preparation tion for the coming of better days Origin of the Dollar Toward the end cud of the time of ot shortage short age there appeared In the Interior of medieval Europe an Individual who was to write a chapter of or money history history his his- tory that has come down strangely Into into in In- to modern times and to give a new nation na nation tion of the West a currency unit that thai was to have a profound effect This man made the first dollar In iii all the world and gave It a name which name though the etymology Is not apparent at a glance becomes upon examination the lineal ancestor of the word dollar dollar dol do lar tr The com count l of for tor such was his title dwelt In St. St Joachimsthal Joachims Joachim's Dale a mining region of ot Bohemia The patron saint of the community was St. St Joachim Here the count of or in 1510 1010 appropriated a n silver mine As his retaIners retainers re re- re- re took out the precious metal the master laid his finger to hits his teme temple tern tem pIe and considered the purpose to which he lie should put It lIe He must have been a man of perception for he seemed to realize that he dwelt In n a I Imone mone money hungry hungry world and that his silver silver sil sll ver would serve best If made Into coin cola At any rate he devised a new one oneall oneall all nil his own On its face tace appeared a reproduction of ot St. St Joachim and It H was named after that personage and the community which gave It birth hirth- hirth It was the first dol dol- lar Now note the evolution of ot the word dollar from this Its pol polysyllabic s 's ancestor an an- When the found Its way into medieval Germany It was warmly welcomed A practical cal people however howe soon tired of the tha length of ot its name and by a Judicious dropping of ot s syllables it became the thaler The word In that form still sUlI survives in Germany When the thaler passed Into the Netherlands its pronunciation was somewhat changed Ther Timer It was called the u dater daler Then It crossed to England Eng land where by use of ot the broad brond a Baler daler became dollar Under this modified name and geographically transplanted the of ot the count of ot has hns grown and imd i j prospered I |