| Show the site of nearly community dwellings in its original condition the lie aztec ruin itself was a stately sandstone structure V by feet three t V stories high and built around a rectangular court tile specimens already ro covered co vereil constitute kor W probably the most co complete in p 10 t e collection representative of a prehistoric north american culture R mount moun t gatmai a big alaskan volcano blow off its head in 1012 covered it vast peninsula with sing eang and darkened the skies nil all over tile world with dust rile ex explosion also created tile vill ley ot of ten thousand W smokes 9 ono one of tile M wonders of tile the world av it la is live volcanic ground cracked by fissures and pitted by millions of fuma fumarol roles cs of every liuo which bubble and belch and bend up steam and smoke 7 14 1 and so BO it goes Is euch ench na not t I 1 ion 0 n a ill I 1 monument lias has its own story and new national monuments oro are being ere created ono of tile the newest Is carlsbad cave cava V in new mexico it has been only partly explored lift but Is stated aa 1 CA by experts far to ourt surpass T 0 cavo cave t C mammoth dimoth in size it and nd in magnificence xa v ence enco and variety or of decoration T the 0 latest addia addit addition ton to t tho 0 P list of monuments la Is the craters of tile the moon in idaho where 4 40 square miles IWO havo been set aside by president coolidge it la Is a lava wonderland with cones tunnels by JOHN DICKINSON of sorts sorta caa caves es and nil UR national monuments a dundr twisted and contort contorted cd years from now will be number forms of hardened volcanic among the priceless possessions of canic flow th they eyare are pretty much neglected both by the federal government and by the people there tire SO 30 or more in charge of the interior department and congress gives the national park service but to care for all ot of 11 them 1 em visitors to the 18 where records were kept n numbered but last season but that Is because the people know almost nothing about the national monuments some day these natto national D al monuments will be made easily accessible and fixed up tip then the people will flock to them for all of them tire are well worth seeing and many of them are among the wonders of the world with national parks parka end and national forests and liati national onal monuments etc etc the public la Is naturally mixed up on what heres the right of that thal V there are 19 10 national parks ench each established by a separate parate fcc act of congress and all in charge of tile the national park service of the interior department primarily they contain scenic features of national importance though two hot springs in arkansas and platt in Okla oklahoma boma are medicinal they are kept ept as far as possible in their original wild state anti and are wild life sanctuaries they tire are protected against commercialism ra familiar camillar millar names in the national park system are yellowstone yosemite rocky mountain and grand canyon lafayette on ty t const coast of maine Is we the only scenic national park east of tho the 1 mississippi congress will not purchase land for national park purposes and the only public lands are in tile west lafayette was presented to the nation by public spirited d citizens there are six national military parks gettysburg tint and vicksburg are familiar examples under control of the war department there are approximately national forests under tinder control of the forest service of the department of agriculture they were established for scientific lumbering and for grazing and were originally purely commercial propositions the agricultural department however in its persistent efforts to get control of the national parks has set act up recreational features in many national forests in with the national parks now we come to the national monuments notional landmarks would be amore a more fitting filling designation nit tion previous to 1000 the united states had no provision for the establishment of national monuments public insistence became so great faithe for the protection of natural wonders from vandalism that in 1000 the act for the preservation ot of american Americ tin antiquities was passed by congress tills this net act provides tor for the punishment of ism and for permits to excavate excava ie and collect section 2 ot of the the act reads i that the president of 0 the united states is IB hereby authorized in hla his discretion to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks hist historic orld and pre historic structures anil and other object historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the government of th the e united states to be national monuments and may reserve as a part thereof parcels of 0 land the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the small est area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected under this net act about 50 national monuments tire anro row established about SO nrc are in charge of UK the nat national loial park service and about 15 under control of the forest service tile the war var department con trots alree tt ree exact perres cannot bo be given no cli changes tinges are constantly occurring of those controlled by tile the forest service the largest Is mount olympus in washington which la Is a remon of mount mountains forests and glaciers and the alio home of tile the olympic elk bandelier Ban dolier in new mexico contains vast ast numbers of prehistoric cliff dweller ruins and Is presumably slated tor for national park lion honcia bryce canyon in utah of which more later Is an erody canyon of Q acres the 1023 report of director stephen ir mather of the national park service to the secre secretary taly of the interior gives in addition to devils tower ell el morro and re petrified trIfled forestor Fore wille which 13 more later inter as the list of the national monumental monumenta enta erts under ahls charge they have been grouped by this writer the list Mon temma castle arizona 1608 2006 cliff dwelling acres chaco canyon new mexico 1907 numerous pueblos and cliff dwellings acres navajo arizona 1909 prehistoric pueblos and cliff dwellings acres utah colorado 1923 prehistoric towers pueblos and cliff dwellings 2811 acres arizona POS 1908 ruin of 0 seventeenth century F franciscan scan mission 10 acres gran Qu quivira ivira new mexico 1909 ancient pueblo and early spanish mission acres casa gande gr ande arizona prehistoric relic 80 acres yucca house colorado 1119 1919 prehistoric re lello c 10 0 acres aztec ruin now new mexico 1923 prehistoric pueblo ot of rooms 5 acres ripe spring arizona 1928 1923 old stone fort and spring of 0 pioneer days 40 acres aluir W woods california 1908 fine redwood grove ac acres pinnacles P 1 nn acles california 1908 many spire ilke lelce rock formations to 1000 feet high 2653 aeres acres natural bridges utah aree three very large natural bridges 2740 acres rainbow bridge utah 1910 height toot feet span feet acres sitka alaska 1910 park of historic association 16 fine totem poles 67 57 acres colorado colorado colored Col orad 1911 wonderful example ot of erosion many lofty monoliths acres papago saguaro aro arizona 1914 characteristic desert flora and many graphs 1940 acres lewis and dark clark cavern Blon montana tana 1908 2908 immense limestone cave acres shoshone gho shone cavern wyoming ng largo limestone cave acres dinosaur utah 1916 deposits of fossil remains 80 acres ayad south dakota 1922 deposits of plant fossils acres capulin mountain new mexico 1916 cinder cone of 0 geologically recent formation acres raemal alaska 1918 volcanic phenomena including valley of ten thousand smokes 1940 1140 acres Veren verendrye drye north dakota 1917 includes crow high dutte butte from which the famous french explorer first saw trans territory acres scotts blurt nebraska 1919 point or of historic interest I 1 in n winning of the west 2053 2063 acres pages of interesting matte could be written about these national monuments take for ex timple those of arizona new mexico and colorado they illustrate the history of tile american southwest from the prehistoric times of the cliff dwellers down through the many years of frantic searching for gold by the spanish soldiers and the colonizing and by tile the spanish priests cortez conquered mexico for spain in 1510 21 it was soon looted the spaniard then turned his search for gold toward peru which Is nother li story and toward the unexplored wilderness to the north the air was full of northern treasure myths el dorado tho the gilded man and a whole people clothed in gold the seven cities of cibola with their golden domes Qu quivira IvIra fhe he city of gold side by side soldier and priest invaded the ai aart each despised the other each cadi used the other coronados Coron ados expedition from mexico in 1510 1540 that penetrated ns as far as Is one ot of the most romantic in nil all history gran sulvira was once onca the pueblo city of k believed to be by the spaniards it was discovered in 1581 by francisco banchek do de chamuscado Chamu scado francisco do Ape devil founded the mission in 1028 alio apaches wiped it t out about 1070 the ancient pueblo held about 1500 the great stone church was built in 10 1014 14 both still stand la in this ghost city of the long ago Montc zunia castle la Is one of the ho relics of the i prehistoric people called cliff dwellers dw ellers ciul anti Is very rem old it Is IB a communal house of 25 2 rooms baill buill in a shallow in the face of a lofty cliff casa grande great house la is ft a prehistoric mystery it was already a ruin when pray fray marcos discovered it in IWO 1539 it Is a n largo building of a natural concrete called cul eclie smoothly plastered within it stands in a large compound of outlying buildings enclosed in a rectangular wall aztec itula was presented to tile tho nation by archer al of the american Aluse museum of natural III history story it Is being extensively attentively excavated end and restored Cent centuries urles before columbus ol ow j of the richest centers of prehistoric civilization apa I 1 tho the valley of the alimas river in northwestern new mexico there within the radius of a single eingle mile vast mounds of earth and fallen stone mark marb I 1 of tho the national chosen for or illustration bryce canyon lias has just been given national park honors A bill for its creation its aa the utah national park was passed in tile lie closing hours ot of the last session of congress its feature Is a box canyon three miles long and two miles wide cut 1000 feet into the plateau of southeastern utah there Is it wonderful variety of 1 erosion ik jol jolin form in which are painted in evera every color i I 1 shade and tint of tile the spectrum reds pinks i creams tans lavenders lavendera lav enders purples blues greens 1 chocolates and whites it takes high rank among natural wonders tho the act provides that before bryce canyon becomes utah notional park all lands in the area must be conveyed to the united states utah and the union pacific own acres the Pe petrified trIfled forest contains tho the most wonderful collection of petrified trees in tile the world these trees lie he in three groups which really are not forests at all for most of the trunks were to their present positions on an eroded plain by prehistoric bloods from forests far away many of the trunks exceed feet in length one log ill III feet long bridges a canyon 45 feet wide the state of of tile wood almost places it among the precious stones not only are chalcedony and agates on view but even and onyx the devils tower Is tin an extraordinary mass of igneous rock and Is one of tile the most conspicuous features of the black hills region of wyoming it has been it land landmark maric from prehistoric times first there Is 18 tho the level plain then alien a rounded wooded hill GOO COO feet high and on top of that the lie tower lower COO feet high and n mile in circumference its sides tire are fluted by great columns which stand perpendicular di except where they flare out tit at the base end and in tit nt the top cheso o columns about 0 6 feet in dia diameter are mostly penti pentagonal ligonal but some are arc four a sided aided and some six sided el morro national monument la Is a landmark ric to thrill it good american two enormous enor moui connected rocks of 0 vurl varl colored eroded sandstone rise abruptly front from the arld arid plain ono suggests a castle and Is called el morro the other Is railed inscription rock because it bears priceless historical records for nearly four centuries ent urles ago these walls echoed the clank of the steel harness of conquistadores and tile prayers of franciscan martyrs there was a spring there and n shallow cave and soldier and priest turned aside to them thein from the old zuni trail and there they cut their names and the why and wherefore of their coatings coin ings and goll goings an inscription perhaps its aa important no as any Is this cut by don juan de onate 14 years before the Pil pilgrims grimi landed on plymouth rok paso por per abul do da adelantado adelan lado tado don juan do de onate del do de la lamar mar del sur our a III 10 el april del 1606 parsed by here the provincial chief don juan do de onate from the thedla discovery covery of the south sea on the leth of april 1006 this approximately fixes the date of the founding of santa re fe ns as it Is known onate fixed hla lits capital there upon ills his return front from the gulf of california scarcely less interesting la Is the inscription herewith reproduced by don diego de vargas zapata lujan ponce do de leon abul estaba el ei geril do do da vargas quien con quisto a nestra neatra santa is fe y la ia real corona todo el 61 nueva mexico a su au costa ano de 1092 here was wag the general don diego do de vargas vara who conquered to our holy faith and the royal crawn all new Ilex mexico leo at hla his own expense year of 1692 the indians had risen against the spaniards in santa fe in 1080 massacred them and driven them out and destroyed us as far na as possible all traces of civilization and christianity for twelve years they enjoyed their ancient independence it was diego do de vargas who the region in there are more than CO 50 of these inscriptions they contain names great in those times thines nieto aleto who escorted the first missionaries to zuni in 1023 29 lujan who avenged the murder mii riler of fray francisco letrado in 1632 archuleta Url uribarri barri and so on down into the be first arst half of the I 1 eighteenth con century tury where in all the world la Is there a more fascinating historical relic than inscription rock i |
