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Show u MOAB, UTAH THE TIMES-INDEPENDENT, zt: Fredericksburg, Va., Colonial Home bo " Dy, Neal - Washington Wouldn't Take It, But He Didn't Oppose the Idea Tom Holds OSCOW.-Soviet Russia is ruled from within a mysterious city in the heart of Moscow, the vast Kremlin whose inscrutable goings-on are hidden behind a 60-foot wall, armed guards and drawn curtains. All the secrecy of the vanished Russian Orthodox church-and more-lies protected inside this palace which Year Term; Hayes Indorsed It. ing the development in American his- four or six years. Five years later he sent another message to congress which contained this paragraph: tory of the third term issue. hat did Washington think about it? Jefferson? Andrew following during article, especially pertinent the presented present election as a strictly year, impartial view of the third term subject, no stand for or against it. Il. is re- taking PRECEDENTS AND VIEWS OF THE PRESIDENTS F YOU are opposed to the idea of any President seeking to have more than eight years in the White House, the chances are that you will cite the case of George Washington as ment. your strongest argu- "The father of our country declined to run for a third term. So why depart from the precedent which he established?"' you will ask. If, however, you believe that there is no real objection to having a Chief Executive serve more than two terms, you will also turn to the first President. You will point out that Washington retired after two terms not because he was opposed to a President serving more than eight years but because he was worn out with the labors in the service of the nation and looked forward to a peaceful old age at Mount Vernon. Differed With Jefferson. More than that you will quote this letter which Washington wrote to Lafayette on April 28, 1788: "‘Though I cannot have time or room to sum up the arguments in this letter, there cannot, in my judgment, be the least danger that the President will by any practicable intrigue ever be able to continue himself one moment in office, much less perpetuate himself in it, but in the last stage of corrupt morals and practical depravity, and even then there is as much danger that any species of domination would prevail. Though when a people have become incapable of governing themselves and fit for a master, it is of little consequence from what quarter he comes. Under any extended view of this part of the subject I can see no propriety in precluding ourselves from the services of any man who in some great emergency' shall be deemed universally most capable of serving the public."' The President who, even more than Washington, established the ‘no third term'' tradition was Thomas Jefferson. Writing to Washington on May 2, 1788, in regard to the new Constitution, the ‘Sage of Monticello" expressed his dissatisfaction with ‘the perpetual re-eligibility of the President," because Thomas he feared that it Jefferson would ‘‘make an office for life."" So he said he hoped that ‘‘before there is danger of this change taking place in the office of President the good sense and free spirit of our countrymen will make the change necessary to prevent it.'' Toward the close of his second term in office, when the legislatures of Vermont, New Jersey and Pennsylvania sent him resolutions asking him to be a candidate again, Jefferson replied to all of them with a letter which contained this paragraph: "That I should lay down my charge at a proper period is as much a duty as to have borne it faithfully. If some termination to the services of the Chief Magistrate be not fixed by the Constitution, or supplied by practice, his office, nominally, four years, will in fact become for life, and history shows how easily that degenerates into an inheritance. Believing that a representative government responsible at short periods of election is that which produces the greatest sum of happiness to mankind, I feel it a duty to do no act which shall essentially impair that principle, and I should unwillingly be. the person who, disregarding the sound precedent set by an illustrious predecessor (Washington) should furnish the first example of prolongation beyond the second term of office."' During "Old Hickory' Jackson's first administration, he sent a mesSage to congress in 1829 recom. mending that the electora] college be abolished, that the President be elected by direct vote and that he be limited to a single term of either Jackson's recommendation of a single six-year term for Presidents was echoed 40 years later when Rutherford B. Hayes in his inaugural address said, ‘‘In furtherance of the reform we seek, and in other important respects a change of great importance, I recommend = an amendment to the Constitution prescribing a term of six years for the presidential office and forbidding a re-election.'' In 1901 indiscreet friends of President McKinley began talking about his becoming a candidate again. Thereupon the President promptly scotched that talk by issuing a public statement in which he said: "] regret that the suggestion of a third term has been made. I doubt whether I am called upon to give it notice, but there are now questions of the gravest importance before the administration and the country, and their just consideration should not be prejudiced in the public mind by even the suspicion of the thought of a third term. In view . . . of a longsettled conviction . . . I will not be a candidate for a_ third term. ..« -« The candidacy of Theodore Roosevelt on the Bull Moose ticket in 1912 revived agitation over a third term. One of the planks in the platform, adopted by the Democrats at Baltimore, favored a single presidential term and urged the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution, making the President ineligible for re-election and pledging their candidate to this principle. A short time before the inauguration of Woodrow Wilson, the senate passed.a joint resolution proposing a constitytional amendment limiting the President to.a single six-year term. While this resolution was pending in the house, Mr. Wilson wrote a letter to A. Mitchell Palmer, a representative from Pennsylvania, as follows: "‘The question is simply this: our Presidents be free, Shall so far as the law is concerned, to seek a second term of four years, or shall they be limited by Constitutional amendment to a single term of four years or to a single ferm extended to six years? Admitted His Quandary. ‘Four years is too long a term for a President who is not the true spokesman of the ° people, who is imposed upon and does not lead. It is too short for a President who is doing, or attempting a great work of reform, and who has not had time to finish it. To change the term to six years would be to increase the likelihood of its being Woodrow Wilson too long without any assurance that it would, in happy cases, be long enough. A fixed constitutional limitation to a single term of office is highly arbitrary and unsatisfactory from every point of view. Z. Favored Two Terms. "Put the present customary limitation of two terms into the Constitution, if you do not trust the people to take care of themselves, but make it two terms (not one, because four years is often too long), and give the President a chance to win the full service by proving himself ee Me es CoS "As things stand now the people might more likely be cheated than served by further limitations of the President's eligibility. His fighting power in their behalf would be immensely weakened. No one will fear a President except those whom he can make fear the elections. *"‘We singularly belie our own principles by seeking to determ ine by fixed constitutional provision what the people shall determine for themselves and are perfectly compet ent to determine for themselves. We cast a doubt upon the whole theory of popular government." (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) Your Shower ET'S make D3 panholders! some bright NUMO hot| transfer, Z9108, 15 cents, hag' the motifs you've been want pretty enough a gay winter-weary for any bride tonic for your kitchen. The designs illustrated are all ony one pattern; note'that these ¢ bine into distinct sets of 4, ch. 5 ek pastel waterlily flanke 1 two lily pads of green is the} was once the heart of the nation's religion as well as her government. ‘All the reflection I have made | upon the subject increases my conviction that the best interests of the country will be promoted by the adoption of some plan which will secure in all contingencies that important right of sovereignty to the direct control of the people. Could this be attained, and the terms of those officers be limited to a single period of either four or six years, I think our liberties would possess an additional safeguard."' Jackson and others? The Gay Panholders for / and Against It; ‘Old Hickory' Jackson a Single Six- EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the second in a series of three articles trac- Secrets Of Red Regime Set Hand Was Dead Other the on Jefferson Dark Kremlin | Of Washington's Mother and Sister, Will Live Again Its Historic Past * fix S ememteeet ": Where Russia's monks and czars once walked there is now the guarded tread of Soviet commissars. But today, as before Communism, the "sacred city of the Kremlin" is still the focal point of all Russian eyes. They used to say ‘‘Above Moscow is only the Kremlin and above the Today is only Heaven.'' Kremlin last the ignores Russia atheistic part. Stalin Lives K re, the home of Betty Washington Lewis, sister of George Washington, in Fredericksburg. It this beck restored by a national organization of women and funds obtained from the annual observance of Garden Week in Virginia this year will be devoted to the restoration of its gardens. By ELMO (Released SCOTT by Western WATSON Newspaper Union.) Pr pst auring the weet VA. , is to live again its colorful past during the week of April 22 to 27 and the center of attraction in the old Colonial town will be Kenmore, home of Betty Washington Lewis, sister of George Washington and wife of Fielding Lewis, gunmaker of the Revolution. April 22 to 27 is Garden Week in the Old Dominion and this year it has a special signifi-< cance. streets. For this was the home For the receipts from the of Mary Ball Washington from March, 1775, until August, 1789. observance will be devoted to The property once occupied the the restoration of the Colonial whole square with orchard and garden at Kenmore, a spot garden, kitchen and _ servants' that was dear to George quarters. It was bought by WashWashington and that had the ington in September, 1772, from Michael and Esther Robinson and loving care of his mother, a part of the original KenMary Ball Washington. So, was more estate. The garden was during that week Colonial separated from the Kenmore garcostumes, worn by the ances- den by a fence and gate and there was a box walk, a part of tors of the Fredericksburg folk, will be taken out of old which is still standing. At the outbreak of the Revolutrunks and attics or borrowed tion Washington tried to induce from museums, to be worn again by the descendants of the men and women who lived there when LaFayette was entertained at a great Peace Ball at Rising Sun tavern after Washington's return from the war in 1783. From ancient recipe books the women of Fredericksburg will resurrect the recipes made famous by Mary Ball Washington and others. Ginger breads, tea; Smithfield hams and a score of other delicacies of Colonial days will be cooked for the palates of visitors over the ancient fireplaces of Colonial times that abound in the city. Gen. Hugh Mercer's ancient apothecary shop will also come to life again, and visitors may uSe its famous powdering room, or procure over its ancient counters the lavender and other herbs, as well as the potions and cordials that ancient apothecaries dispensed a hundred and fifty years ago. Birthplace of Cincinnati Society. In Rising Sun tavern, where the Society of the Cincinnati was formed and where Virginia's earliest post office was located, the tavern will keeper preside many of Mary, ton, and over States, the postmaster throngs while the mother servants will in the from cottage of Washing- cook and dis- pense free to visitors those things that Mary considered delicacies and for which her recipes are still used. On the plantation of Kenmore Negroes will sing the Spirituals of olden days for visitors, while Uncle Bachus will prepare meals in the kitchen building, and visitors will be treated to a Colonial reception during the evenings. Fredericksburg will visitors in costume, receive not only its at Kenmore, but at many other homes of Colonial date through- out the city. Old Market square will come to life again, as it existed in the days when James Monroe, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson met here to smoke a pipe and discuss the affairs of the colony in Sukey Livingston's coffee shop, where over the door will be replaced its famous sign: "Come in, Gentlemen, sit at your ease, pay for what you call for and call for what you please." Masonic fraternities are also preparing an exhibit in the lodge where George Washington was his mother to move in town from her home on the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg. But it was not until March, 1775, that she was persuaded. It was here that she received the courier sent by General inally. MARY BALL WASHINGTON (From the disputed painting by Middleton) Washington to tell her of the victory at Trenton. It was here Washington came after the Battle of Yorktown with the French and American officers, and she received him with thanksgiving after his absence of nearly seven years. . It was here he came in December 1783. Fredericksburg gave the Peace ball in his honor, and it was at that time that he made his memorable reply to Mayor McWilliams in which he spoke of Fredericksburg as "‘the place of my growing infancy." LaFayette's Tribute. It was here that Marquis de LaFayette came to pay his respects to her who was the mother of the greatest American. She received him in her garden, met all his fine phrases with dignity and gave him her blessing when he bade her good-by. He said, "I have seen the only Roman matron of my day." It was here March 12, 1789, that Washington came to bid a sad farewell after he had received the notice that he had been elected President of the new nation. With prayers and tears Mary Washington and her son parted, knowing they again. She died would August 25, never meet 1789. Town and country assembled to do honmade a Mason, and where his or at her burial. Her remains lie |portrait, by Stuart, hangs upon in a spot she herself selected on the wall. The Bible that he kissed the Kenmore estate and a statein taking his obligations is still | ly monument ‘‘erected by her preserved. | countrywomen"' marks her last Another attraction to visitors resting place. will be the little cottage on the But for all such historic corner of Charles and Lewis not be the only city in the Old Dominion to attract those who enjoy seeing places ‘‘where the past still lives.'' More than 80 historic homes and gardens throughout the state will be thrown open to visitors this year. Among them are eight homes in which once lived Virginians who became Presidents of the United States. Home of the Lees. Featured in*the Garden week pilgrimage this year will be nine estates and shrines under foundation or other public ownership, where gardens or grounds have been restored by and at the expense of the Garden Club of Virginia. The principal one of these properties is Stratford, in Westmoreland county, where two signers of the Declaration of Independence and Gen. Robert Edward Lee were born. Here the. Garden Club of Virginia has completed the restoration of the Lee gardens at a cost of $50,000. Another as important, but whose gardens are not as yet completely restored, although well under way, is the Thomas Jefferson garden at Monticello, near Charlottesvile. The Thomas Jefferson Memorial foundation has restored the house and many outbuildings and refurnished with original Jefferson pieces this magnificent and distinctive mansion. Last year the Garden Club of Virginia began the job of restoring the Jefferson gardens, from plans discovered only recently. The outliries of the garden were discovered by archeological investigations and will occupy the exact location that they did orig- which Fredericksburg has, Sites it will Jéfferson's gardens were distinctive, for only native trees, shrubs and plants were used. Other properties for which the Garden Club of Virginia has done restoration include: the Victorian garden of the Manse, at Staunton, birthplace of T. Woodrow Wilson; the Mary Washington monument at Fredericksburg, over her grave; the Bruton church at Williamsburg, which will be the center of a celebration this year in honor of its complete restora- tion; the memorial garden at Lee chapel in Lexington; the groups of Wilton, famous Colonial restoration of historical organizations at Richmond; and the Rolfe property, in Surry county, the grounds of which were given by the Indian chief, Powhatan, to the son of his daughter, Pocahontas and Sir John Rolfe, in Colonial times. Plantation Homes. Other estates to be shown will include the famous James River plantation belt homes, extending for more than a hundred miles along the James. Most recent of these restorations is Berkeley, birthplace of President William Henry Harrison. Seven estates in various sections of Virginia, never before opened, are to be shown this year, including ancient Elsing Green on the Pamunkey, one of the most important of the Colonial Virginia manor houses, and owned by a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Twenty-one places in restored Williamsburg will be opened to the public. The great tobacco plantations of Southside Virginia form another group. Piedmont Virginia is offering a group of boxwood gardens and famous old homes of unusual] distinction, including the places of President James Madison, two James Monroe homes and two estates in which Thomas Jefferson spent his life. Two score other places of great interest several of them nationally mous, are to be opened, fa- There. No outsider knows within which of the Kremlin's innumerable buildings lives Josef Stalin, for rare indeed is the visitor who finds his way inOnce there side this city's gates. he will find the church of St. ConChudov palace, Nicholas stantine, monastery (now a military academy courts and and barracks), a convent the wall Surmounting of justice. are no less than 19 towers from of one lovely set. morning glory and wild rose ; second set: thal the up make tifs third set is a clever group sisting of two pup. panhold which slip into a doghouse holj, when not in use. So if you're in need of inex sive shower gifts, order this px tern, then get out your Scrap} and start to work. You couldg no more practical nor apprecias gift than one of these attragy sets. And, of course, the stampings of this NUMO will enable you to make yourself, too. Send order AUNT Box 166-W sgeys trans sets ¢ to; MARTHA Kansas City, Mo, Enclose 15 cents for each pattem desired. Pattern NO...sssseceess Name Ori Address OOOO OCHO OOOO EOE S Oe Eee, Evil Offspring Jealousy is said to be the, spring of love. Yet, unless parent makes haste to strg the child, the child will not; till it has Hare. PRETTY, Stalin, Soviet poisoned the pare PLEASE! - Josef dictator, emerges from the mysterious Kremlin to pose for the Communist camera from the tribune of Lenin's mausoleum in Red Square, Moscow. which Soviet guards keep their eyes peeled for marauders lurking in Red square below. Just as the Kremlin was a stronghold for Czarists, so has it become the sacred city of Communism, a place where men of that creed gather from all parts of the world. In niches along its outer walls lie the ashes of ‘‘revolutionary heroes,'' including John Reed, the American journalist who turned Red. Also there is the ‘‘brotherhood grave'' of 500 workers killed trying to storm the Kremlin during the revolution. Lenin Buried in Red Square. And out in Red square, but still within the shadow of this wall, stands the gaudy tomb of Lenin from which Stalin and other high Soviets customarily watch troop demonstrations and parades. Brimmine baskets of tasty vegetables, uni formly excellent. That's Night brings an added air of mystery to the Kremlin. At midnight its chimes peal forth the ‘‘Internationale,'" Communism's song. But the notes come haltingly because the chimes were originally intended to play ‘‘God Save the Czar" and have never been rebuilt. While the chimes were still in pretty good shape they made a phonograph recording which is now broadcast nightly from Moscow. In winter the blood-red flag is floodlighted atop the Kremlin, presenting a sharp and startling contrast with the snow-covered roofs. It was this symbol of Communism that the diplomats of Germany saw when they entered the Kremlin last autumn to sign that epochal treaty which sent Hitler to war against Poland and the allies. your reward from Ferry's Seeds. Displays in stores everywhere, FERRYS LDeted SVM Happy Memory | Mankind are always happietl having been happy; so thatif make them happy now, you mé them happy 20 years hence by! memory of it.-Sydney Smith : Finland's diplomats saw the same emblem last December and again in March, when the Soviet behemoth closed its conquest against a smaller but braver neighbor. Known to be located inside the Kremlin, therefore, is the most integral part of Viacheslav Molotov's foreign affairs commissariat, although the foreign office itself is opposite the Lubyanka prison. The politbureau of nine members meets in the Kremlin as does the council of people's commissars, or the Russian cabinet. Stalin has always been present when noted foreign diplomats have called at the Kremlin, but he does not stay there all the time. He maintains several country homes, though nobody knows which of them he is visiting at any given time. Perhaps it is the Kremlin's threatening atmosphere that makes visit- ing envoys capitulate to Russia n de- mands, yet Stalin himself is always affable. It is known that after the Soviet-German pact Was signed last autumn he remarked to Joachim von Ribbentrop, ‘‘Now let's drink a glass of our bad Soviet champa gne." Many Insects fs ON FLOWERS @ FRUIT VEGETABLES & SHRUBS Demand original sealed bottles, from your MORE FOR YOUR Mf, @ Read the advertisements. They are more than a selling aid for business. They form an educational system which is making Americans the best educated buyers in the world. The advertisements are part of an economic system which is giving Americans more for their money every day: you| y cal ge2 ob # whe much |