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Show THE TIMES-INDEPENDENT, MOAB, UTAH CLASSIFIE) DEPARTMEN a ‘Bruckart's Washington Digest Congress Avoids Vital Problems And Seeks Early Adjournment Curtailment of Expenditures and New Tax Program Are Neglected by Legislators Because of 1940 National Elections, By WILLIAM BRUCKART WNU National Press Service, Bldg., Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON.-When the third session of the Seventy-sixth congress - the current session -convened last January, two great national questions confronted the legislators. Two affirmative actions were crying to be taken. These were curtailment of expenditures to live within the government's income and an increase in taxes to make a start toward paying off the greatest debt this nation ever has known. Each was vital. Of the two, the curtailment of spending probably was the more important, but each question was a political bomb inasmuch as 1940 happens to be a year of national elections. Almost four months of the session have wasted away, after the manner of passing time. The two problems of § January and Febru-§ ary and March and § April remain as the § problems of May Now, I believe it can 3 be said that there will be an adjournment early in June without anything having been done§™ beyond lip service & and just plain demaWilliam goguery. In other Bruckart words, the rather long title-the third session of the Seventy-sixth congress-can well be shortened to ‘‘do-nothing congress." A hurried look-around, a re-examination of what has transpired, seems to show where the blame should be placed. It should be plumped in the laps of some demagogues who wear titles of senators of the United States. Lest this look be characterized as too hurried, let me say that the house membership is not entirely guiltless. But credit must be given where credit is due and the house,' as a unit, really made something of an effort to reduce the deluge of dollars that has come to be a silver stream to voters. It made some cuts-not nearly enough, but some- in spending. It did not do a thing, however, in the matter of laying new taxes to help reduce the $45,000,000,000 national debt. It dodged those taxes like they were poison. Taxes and appropriations, of course, must originate in the house under the terms of the Constitution, and so the house must answer for at least a part of the sin of the session. House Attempted Reduction In Federal Appropriations To give the house the credit that was its share, however, it must be shown that the house appropriations committee thus far has reduced appropriations submitted by President Roosevelt in the sum of $350-odd million. The senators, sitting smugly at the north end of the nation's capitol building already have put back $209,000,000 of the amount, and there is more certain to come. After the system and the manner of operations, I think it may be expected that there will be compromises between the senate and house on their differences, and so the net result of the bunk on economy for this session will be a huge ‘‘0." Even where the house has tried seriously to reduce spending, the senate has blocked it. The condition provides a rather accurate reflection of the make-up of the two houses of congress. The house members have become nervous about the spending policies. Something like two-thirds of the house membership can be called conservative, as distinguished from New Dealers. In the senate, however, the story is different. That body is predominantly controlled by the New Deal type of thinking, and spending is its forte. So, the country spent a lot of money paying its legislature last winter and it is left holding the bag-an astoundingly empty bag-because a group of senators and such house members as still hold on to the New Deal for political salvation refuse to turn off the spigot in the walls of the United States treasury. Anyone can trace through the items of spending put back in appropriation bills by the senate and find the anSwer, namely, votes. There are plenty of house members who would have done the same thing except that their colleagues shamed them into having some old-fashioned sense about affairs of the nation. ‘DO-NOTHING' CONGRESS? William Bruckart Says that the current session of congress, which he predicts will adjourn early in June, has stamped itself as a "do-nothing'"' session. This is true according to Bruckart, because congress has avoided two vital issues confronting it when first convened last January. These issues were (1) curtailment of expenditures, and (2) a new tax program. Both are bombshells in an election year. New Now Request for Relief Made by White House President Roosevelt is playing ball with the spenders, as usual. April seems to be a good month for the spenders. Each year, in April, there have been White House requests for more spending money. This year, a request for an additional $150,000,000 for relief payments already has reached the house from the President. It is money which the President says is needed to carry through the relief program to the end of the fiscal year which is July 1. Last year, the relief appropriation was figured to be sufficient, but the money got away, somehow. So, there is the call for $150,000,000 more for the next two months. But that is not all. The President is asking for $1,500,000,000-a billion and a half-for relief payments through the fiscal year of 1941 which begins July 1. I don't know whether the house members are going to have the courage to reduce that amount to $1,000,000,000 or not, because all of Mr. Roosevelt's statements about the needs have been designed to muster voting strerigth on his side. Also, these statements attack business as "not doing its part,'' which is a theme that sounds strangely familiar. I think we have heard it at least a dozen times. Anyway, in the view of the spenders in the New Deal, business has failed absolutely to employ workers, after seven years of planned economy and idealistic thinking. As to this business of planned economy, Secretary Wallace and his department of agriculture people are asking for big gobs of money. It was they, acting through stooges in the senate, who struck the biggest blow at whatever ideas the house had on saving money. I do not blame the farmers. If they can get money handed to them, free and for nothing, why not take it. The stupidity is on the part of Mr. Wallace and his crew. They do not seem to realize that the farmers are taking the money and laughing about the new found sucker in Washington, who is trying to get $200,000,000 extra this time. Debt and Tax Problems Have Been Avoided Now, as to the matter of taxes. It will be recalled that President Roosevelt told the house early in the session that there had to be new taxes or a raising of the debt limit if congress spent more money than the budget estimates. He suggested that the taxes must offset any spending that he had not recommended. Well, the house ways and means committee looked over the situation. There were half a dozen of the committee members who wanted to start laying new taxes to cut down the national debt. They argued that the interest on the debt being well over a billion dollars a year would be reduced as a burden if the debt, itself, were reduced. But something happened. There was nothing more heard about laying new taxes, either from President Roosevelt or from the leaders of the ways and means committee. In consequence of this policy, or rather lack of decision to act in obtaining new revenue, there is just as much chance for a start to a balancing of the budget this year as there is for a snowball to grow larger in the nether regions. Come to think of it, there hasn't been any talk about budget balancing in recent weeks. I reckon the war in Europe made responsible officials forget about such minor matters as having the nation live within its income. All of these things have happened in the face of a conviction by students of business within the New Deal that the coming summer is not one to which we can look forward with satisfaction. The volume of business has been falling off. Last year's profits produced taxes that are now being paid and the tax receipts have been larger than was expected. But if business ig "slow" this summer, what about tax receipts by the federal government that are payable next year? All in all, therefore, it strikes me that we cannot gratulating of do very much the third con- session of the Seventy-sixth congress, The President, still maintaining silence on the question whether he will seek a third term, has not done a single thing to whip into line for the legislative leaders action on these pre- dominantly important national questions. Ss U. S. Geographic Center The geographic center of the United States is near Lebanon, Kan. To locate it on your map you look for latitude 39 degrees and 50 minutes; longitude 98 degrees and 35 min- utes. About 12 miles north of Lucas in Osborne county, Kansas, the base point of all North American conti. | nent maps is marked by a concrete | block which stands about six inches | above the ground. Every house and lot on the continent is tied up with that little concrete block located ir | the plains of the state of Kansas, NEATA Tanks Replace Horse Troops On Battlefield ting death into enemy positions where troops cannot go. This weapon had its first real test in Germany's "‘blitzkrieg'' against Poland, where massed tanks were sent against enemy emplacements with excellent results. Modern tanks, looking like armored bugs scuttling across hills, fields and trenches, may vary in size from one to one hundred tons. For heavy offensive work they are protected by armor plate two inches or more in thickness. Other tanks may have only quarter-inch plate. Carry Fs 30 Men. Their armament runs from machine guns to 105 mm. cannon and they can speed along up to 60 miles an hour on their endless-chain tracks. Crews of the earliest tanks 4 > Wanted Presidents ‘During Good Behavior'- One-Term Bills Pop Up Frequently. may continue until 4, November third term, this HALL the President of years and thereafter be ineligible? What shall that term be? Seven years? Six years? Twenty years? Or shall he be permitted to the Founding Fathers, meet- 153 years ago, a frame of government for the new republic. Considered Seven-Year Term. On May 29 Gov. Edmund Ran- dolph of Virginia and Charles Pinck- ney of South Carolina both presented resolutions providing for an exec- utive ‘‘to be chosen by the national Movements Used. . Wins in- be States United S these elected for a certain term of ing in Philadelphia ,Flank Edward presents newspaper legislature for a term of . . . years and to be ineligible a second time."' Three days later a vote was taken on a seven-year term for this executive. Five states voted for it and four against it. The next day a motion to make the executive ineligible after seven years also was carried, by a vote of 7 to 2. Apparently that matter was settled. But two weeks later it was brought up again and Alexander Hamilton proposed that the supreme executive authority be vested in a "‘Governour'' to be elected to serve during good behavior. The delegates turned thumbs down on this idea and on June 19 voted for a seven-year term for the President who should be ineligible for re-election. A month later, however, they changed their minds and struck out the ineligibility clause. Then followed a long debate. ‘During Good Behavior.' Once more the ‘‘during good behavior'' clause bobbed up but again it failed to pass. There was a suggestion that the Chief Executive be elected for 20 years and another that he be chosen by the legislature with the provision that no person be eligible for more than six years in any 12 years. Both of these plans were rejected and eventually they went back to the seven-year term with its ineligibility-a-second-time proviso, This was in July and for the next two months the presidential term was repeatedly debated. On September 4 it was brought up again with the suggestion that the President's term be made four years. A motion to change this back to seven years and another to six years were defeated and on September 15 it was finally agreed that the President should be chosen by an electoral college for four years, no limit to his re-eligibility being fixed. Problem Bobbed up Again. Although the adoption of the Constitution on September ‘17, 1787, apparently settled this question of presidential tenure satisfactorily, it was a question that was destined to come up again and again in future years-especially in the legislative branch of our government. After the contested election of 1800, a resolution was presented in the senate "that no person who has been twice successively elected President shall be eligible as President until four years elapse, when he may be eligible to office for four years and no longer."' But the senate rejected this by a vote of 25 to 4, Twenty years later, however, the senate passed a joint resolution by a vote of 36 to 3, providing that no man should be chosen President for more than two terms. But the house failed to act on this resolution so nothing more was done about presidential tenure until the contested election of 1824 brought it up again. Then no less than 10 amendments to the Constitution, intended to limit the President to one term were debated in congress. Many Resolutions Offered. During Jackson's administration 21 joint resolutions, dealing with a limitation of the presidentia] were introduced in none was acted upon. recommended term, congress but Some of these a single term of four or six years, others prohibited a third term and sstill others were against more than two consecutive terms. In Van Buren's administra- GEORGE WASHINGTON tion 10 one-term joint resolutions were introduced but failed to pass. For the next 30 years the thirdterm issue was dormant, mainly because there was a succession of oneterm Presidents. But during the administration of Andrew Johnson there were 12 joint resolutions rec- ommending single __ presidential terms without any action being taken upon them. But in 1875, when it seemed likely that Grant would be a candidate for a third term, William M. Springer of Illinois introduced a resolution in the house. « That in the opinion of this House, the precedent established by Washington and other Presidents of the United States, in retiring from the presidential office after their second term has become, by univers! concurrence, a part of our republican system of government, and that any departure from this timehonored custom would be unwise, unpatriotic and fraught with peril to our free institutions. This resolution was adopted by a vote of 234 to 18, with 38 not voting. Two years later, after President Hayes in his inaugural address had recommended a constitutional amendment limiting the President to a single term of six years, Springer offered another resolution embodying Hayes' recommendation and other reforms. But no action was taken on the resolution. The third-term issue remained in the background until 1892, when Grover Cleveland, who had been first elected in 1884. and defeated in 1888, was again elected. Then no less than 13 amendments were introduced in congress to limit the. presidential term in various ways. Brought up in 1912. Again there was a lull of 20 years until 1912 when the house committee on the judiciary submitted a favorable report on a resolution proposing a constitutional amendment limiting the President to a single six-year term but no further action was taken. During this year some 21 such amendments were introduced in the house and in 1913 the senate passed a joint resolution, by a vote of 47 to 23, proposing a similar amendment but the house refused to act upon it. In 1927 when talk was started about the possibility of Calvin Coolidge seeking re-election, the antithird term resolutions began to come thick and fast. The first one, of- fered by Rep. Beck of Wisconsin, Republican, same as the 1875, a was practically the Springer resolution of suggesting a constitutional amendment against a third term. Then Senator LaFollette introduced a similar resolution in the senate. Resolutions Not Acted In the meantime, Fairchild can, had amendment eligible to who has of New Upon, Representative York, a Republi- offered a constitutional that ‘‘No person shall be the office of President previously served two terms, whether succession due by to election or by the. removal, death, resignation or inability of the President where the term by succession shall have continued for a period of two years or more,'' No action was taken on any of these proposals by the Sixty-ninth Congress but they came up again in the Seventieth culminating in LaFollette's resolution being reintro. duced on January 27, 1928, ed and passed by the senate amendon Tuary 10 by a vote of 56 to 26 Feb-It said: . ‘Resolved, That it is the the Senate that the precedent exuite lished by Washington and other Presidents of the United States in retiring from the Presidential office after their second term has becom by universal concurrence, a part . Our republican system of govern. ment, and that any departure from this time-honored custom would be unwise, unpatriotic and fraught with peril to our free institutions ," (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) y, Sales kit free, 7, KNITTING YARNS Free ples. SES, Sheldon, Court has + Suit NURSERIES tings; + ons ae re, dag 25 F tese Cross, ee! illiams, erites ereness 30 Seeds each Dahlia and Lib n to America, found a pub- ahead in Sheldon, N THE year 1800, the United States Marine band, formed in 1798, had two oboes, two clarinets, two french horns, a bassoon, a snare 5 drum, but Bronson Retires As Band Leader they stuck After bass drum. Years were for a It ok them six months to promote one. However, they got it in time to play at John Adams' inaugural in 1801, and have played at every inaugural, at Nellie Grant's wedding and at the funeral of every President who died in office. Capt. Taylor Branson lays down his baton after 41 years with the band, and 13 years as its leader. The band and the captain together have paced forward quite a stretch of American history, to the enrichment of the national musical annals. The marches which Captain Branson has composed, foot-ticklers all of them, include ‘Tell It to the Marines,'"' ‘‘Marines of Belleau Wood," ‘‘The President's Own," and "Eagle, Globe and Anchor." Of distinguished professional attainments, he has delved deeply into our national musical lore and is an authority on the various tributary streams of folk music which have flowed into it. Among his prede- cessors as leaders of the band have been John Philip Sousa, Francisco Fanciulle and W. H. Santelmann, whose son, William F. Santelmann now succeeds him. Six feet tall, weighing 200 pounds, impressive and commanding in his respondent uniform, Captain Branson has been a conspicuous figure in Washington and he and his band have been inseparable from dramatic moments at the Capital. He was born in Washington in 1881 and entered the band as a clarinet Player late in 1898. In recent years radio has carried his fame beyond Washington. -@-. ‘T® name don of the of Judge of Washington, federal] may Peyton Gordistrict court for monopolistic prac- tices. It is the first such decision ever rendered by a federal court, in the field of union jurisdictional warfare. For 20 years he fough t fraud and customs cases for the government, as assistant U. S. district attorney in Washington. In 1921, President Harding named him district attor- ney and President 10 gal. Miracle Coolidge ap- pointed him justice of the Supreme court of Washington . He was a hard-hitting Prosecutor in the Teapot Dome and later Sinclair contempt cases. In the World war he served as a Major in the Judge Advocate General's corps. He was 20rn in Washington, in 1870, and was educated at Colu mbia university. Grow Flowers; Chemicals {or & Vitamin B1 Nutrient gi tion. 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A in 14imches left corner. by the dim Mark poi from the up Measure up from{ lower right corner equaling the length from A to the left paper and mark point a distal of the g edge of{ C, oOnne these points with lines drawn, a}, shown. ba Tele NOTE: The new 32-page ed: tion of Book 1-‘‘Sewing forfii Home Decorator,' shows th other interesting styles of dre ing tables, with detailed directig for making. Also slip covet draw curtains; and numer household articles. Write Mr Spears for a copy, enclosing cents to cover cost. Address; MRS. RUTH WYETH Drawer SPEARS 10 Bedford Hills Enclose Name Address New York} 10 cents for Book 1. Seeeeeee ee iT eseeeeeseeeeeeeeessstit ,. b eee | Tabby's Titles Recently there was publishedi phonetic translation of sounds i different languages, and the cats ' miaou was one sound which eat, of these languages interpreted il}, the same way. It is strange tht the word ‘‘cat'' is various languages. so similar i kb In Scandmavia the animal i, called ‘‘katt," in France "chat in Germany ‘‘katze," in Hollat *‘cat,"' in Italy "‘gatto,'' in Spall "‘gato,"' in Russia "‘kats," and Poland "‘kat."" And the Roma had a word for it-‘‘catus." OUT OF SORTS: Here is Amazing Relief of Conditions Due to Sluggish Bowels 4 . mild, th thorough, rcbiahel reshing,eae « 4D om pendable relief from sick headaches, bilious feeling when associated with constipal Without RiskISK druggist. #2225° trot Braetest Make the #4 if not delighted, return the box to us. We reid ny price. Get NR purchase at's fair, Tablets today, ' 2 ihe if pine WNU-W find a durable imprint in legal history books, if the higher courts sustain his finding that the government may prosecute labor unions 200 Seed Surprise 15 plays eee ete lisher and an open road authorship. Like Edward she also is a Chicagoan. 41 , YOUNG, VIGOROUS TREES «¢, 31 SHRUBS, BULBS, SEEDS, aij for Beautify your home grounds. 12 Fi and Ornamental Trees, 8 to 15'. Matlow moe Mt. Ash, etc.; Weeping Willow and ; dictated established him as a leading American dramatist. Calm in his affliction, he found that he had gained even a larger world, in his New York penthouse room, as he drew his friends to him, not in compassion, but in eager working partnership in the theater. Producers, actors and dramatists find him an invaluable friend and consultant. His tireless and creative mind knows no darkness or failure. The United States Supreme court awards to Mr. Sheldon and his collaborator, Margaret Ayres Barnes, 20 per cent of the $587,605 profits from the film ‘‘Letty Lynton,' sustaining their contention that the film infringed the copyright of their play ‘"‘Dishonored Lady.'' The decision, the culmination of eight years of litigation, marks the Supreme court's biggest Broadway hit since Kaufman and Connelly put it in ‘‘Of Thee I Sing.'' Young Edward Sheldon, wealthy, gifted and handsome, Harvard '07, was a run-away success, with his first play, ‘‘Salvation Nell," produced in 1908. With the late Sidney Howard, he had written the play ‘"‘Bewitched" when he was stricken with paralysis and blindness in 1924. "Years of Grace,'' written thereafter, brought him the Pulitzer Prize, in 1931. Miss Barnes, his collaborator, overcame similar disaster in finding her way into her career. Critically injured in an automobile accident in France, in 1925, she lay for months in a plaster cast. Her hands were free to write-something she always had hoped to do. She wrote a novel, and, recovering, returned style album-73 fashions-1j9q Tremendous savings. Poe F. PARTON Blind Playwright, several of the herewith the first in a series of three articles which give some of the historical background of that issue. It is neither FOR nor AGAINST a third term; it simply scans the past and gives an impartial report of its findings. ; I. THE FOUNDING FATHERS AND CONGRESS Big repeater with plenty Universal,2222 Diversey, Dept.C-14, Cy), (Consolidated Features-WNU Service.) 16 years, unEW YORK.-For able to see or move, Edward with a motionless, Sheldon has lain black satin mask over his eyes, and in that time creasing in intensity as election day draws near. To help our readers judge for themselves the merits of the arguments for or against a Presidential HOT! and service station. By LEMUEL EDITOR'S NOTE:-Between_ now and the summer day when the Democratic party nominates its candidate for President, the third term issue will be one of the most discussed questions of the 1940 campaign. That discussion tried to answer as they struggled with their gigantic task of devising numbered not more than two; today, France's giant tanks sometimes carry 30 men. Each has a specific duty as gunner, mechanic, navigator, control operator or radio man. Such monsters are practically a battleship on land. Tanks may be used either as mechanized cavalry for ‘‘opportunity'' offensives or as sheer force weapons for frontal attacks. Some models can swim rivers; others lay their own bridges. Still others carry trailers and lay down smoke screens to shield advancing troops. One of their most effective weapons is a tongue of searing flame which can be thrown up to 50 feet and penetrates inside the gun slits and portholes of pillboxes. 'S Tate and repeat commissions, Ne . ment, Sells to every type retaij g, Kept Uncle Samuel in Stew 153 Years-Hamilton serve ‘during good behavior'? | Those were some of the questions UNDER THE TURTLE'S SHELL-A gunner inside one of France's giant tanks takes aim at the enemy as his chariot lumbers through no-man's land. SALESMEN Our Founding Fathers Found The Baby on Their Doorsteps which When used as cavalry the tanks employ wide, swinging movements around the enemy's flanks. These take the form of excursions into his rear areas, attacks and ripostes. For this work light or medium light tanks are needed, organized in small and compact ‘‘armored'"' divisions. Each has its own supporting mechanized artillery and motorized infantry. é' Heavy tanks are used for the frontal attack where troops are attempting to break through the enemy's lines. It is in this type of warfare that most furious fighting develops. Large numbers of tanks are needed for such attacks; German experts believe they need 50 to 100 tanks per kilometer of front. Light tanks follow up. Artillery barrages lay the groundwork for such advances, striving to Silence enemy batteries, smashing pillboxes and-most important-putting anti-tank guns out of commission. Another defensive weapon is the tank barrier, which consists of spiked obstacles penetrating from the ground. These may be concrete blocks, heavy logs or steel rails. In Switzerland, where protective measures are being taken, steel anti-tank barriers are arranged to jump out of emplacements in the highway at the touch of an electric button concealed off the road. The tankman's job is one of war's toughest and most dangerous. Protected only by steel helmets and earmuffs against the battering, topsyturvy trip through shell craters and barbed wire barriers, soldiers inside the tank live in an inferno of noise, bruised and battered while the engines roar and enemy bullets spang against the steel sides. Behind them come the soldiers to mop up. When a tank gets stuck atop a barrier it's time to move on, for soon an anti-tank gun will come along. While bullets whine all around, the crew must scramble out and retreat as best it can; a few seconds later an anti-tank bullet will find the fue] tanks and man's metal monster will explode. Thus each tank ends its career; though lives have been lost and a costly armored weapon has been blown to Smithereens, armies at war consider both tank and crew have served their purpose if enough pillboxes were blown out. ) ke ARIS.-The strange and "impractical" weapon of war invented by British and French officers in 1915-16 has grown into one of the most effective offensive weapons in World War II. First used in the battle of the Somme almost a quarter century ago, the armored tank is now considered a monster of Mars, capable of spit- Some . Good Immortal Thoughts thoughts, even if they# i forgotten, do not perish.-Pubil Syrus, MET] 13 with backache: \W/HEN kidneys function badly you suffer a nagging Oackstile with dizziness, burning, scanty 1% frequent urination and getting 1% night; when you feel tired, nen' all upset . . . use Doan's Pills. Doan's are especially for pou. working kidneys. Millions of bom are used every year. They ee mended the country over. neighbor! VA Kya | a |