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Uncle Sam's Sams ' 'Battlewagons Battlewagons ' ' Leave West Coast Bases BasesFor BasesFor BasesFor For Greatest Maneuvers in m Nation's Nations ' HistoryWith HistoryWith History HistoryVith Vith With Hawaii Serving as Focal Point I By JOSEPH W LaBINEIts LaBINE LaBINC LaBINEIts , Its movements shrouded with secrecy , the strongest bat- bat battle bat battle . - tle tIe fleet the United Umted States has ever seen is sailing sallIng from home homebases homebases homebases bases at San Pedro and San Diego this month to compete competein competem m In the most extensive and strenuous naval maneuvers in m the thenatIon's thenation's thenation's thenations natIon's natIons ' hIstoryThIs historyThis history historyThis This will be no child's childs ' play under a warm tropical sun sunInstead sunInstead sunInstead Instead the battle chiefs are sending sendmg their iron clad mon mon- monsters monsters . - sters as far north as the Aleutian islands that "drip drip " " off the thefngId thefrigid thefrigid fngId frigid west coast of Alaska Here some ships will work un- un under under un under - der the most unfavorable wartime conditions possible Mean Mean- MeanwhIle Meanwhile Meanwhile - while others will ' fight ' as far as 1,500 1500 , miles below Hono Hono- Honolulu Honolulu Honolulu - lulu luluAnnounced Announced last December when America Amenca was worrymg worrying worrymgstrenuously worryingstrenuously worryingstrenuously strenuously over Japan's Japans ' aggressive attitude , the maneu maneu- maneuvers maneuvers maneuvers - vers may well be considered a stage show for Nippon's Nippons ' bene- bene benefit benefit bene-fit bene fit - fit , . though officIal officiaOVashmgton Washmgton Washington has ha denied demed it And-mten And mten And-inten- inten And - inten . - tional bonal or otherWIse-the otherWIse the otherwise - the war wargames war'games wargames ' games will focus national at- at attention at attention - tention tentlOn on the navy just dust whencongress whencongress whencongress congress is considering consIdermg Pres Pres- President President President - ident Roosevelt's Roosevelts ' recent arm arm- armament armament armament - ament appropriations bIllThe billThe bill billThe The casual layman wItness wItnessmg witnessing witnessing mg ing this display of marItIme marItImepower maritimepower maritimepower power will wll1 probably be bemoved bemoved bemoved moved to stick out his chest chestwIth chestwith chestwith wIth pride pnde Not so the navis naviscommanders nav navy'scommanders navyscommanders "s s "scommanders " ' commanders , however , whoWIll whowill who ' will probably view the re resuIts resuits resuits suIts of the war games as asvery asvery asvery very tangible eviderce evlderce that thatAmerIca thatAmerica thatAmerica AmerIca needs more battle battleships battleships battleships ships With other nations de developmg developing developing velopmg veloping longe range crUlsers cruisers crUlsersand cruisersand cruisersand and anplanes airplanes the vast Pacific be becomes becomes becomes comes more difficult to d"fend dfend defend d"fendFe defendFe defendFe " Fe ver refueling refuelmg islands are needed neededby neededby neededby by an approach ng enemy they can " - . 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J f ti J / fr F L x hj ; 7 ; L , 0 Y > 4 f fax ax , k s sQuietly , I QUietly Uncle Sam has been expandmg expanding his PacIficI Through PacIficThrough coloD1 colonization atlon he has anne-cd anne cd annexed " - lowland owland Baker terntory territory In the PacIfic and JarvIS none of great commercial value but Islands Important as mllltary military landing fields take a long end run around Ha Hawall Hawail Hawan wall wail andunless and unless America Amenca s first lme line lmeof lineof lineot of defense is close at hand there sapt s sapt sapt apt to be troubleAlmost troubleAlmost trouble troubleAlmost Almost 175 men of waI wa war : > about 500 500planes 500planes 500planes planes and 50 000 to 60 000 men are arepartlc arepartic arepartic partlc partic affairall pat ng in this g gantic gantlc .ffall ffall affair affairall ! . " all AdmiralClaude Admll"alClaude under the command ot of Admll"al Admllal Admiral " Claude C Bloch recent SUccessor to successorto Admiral Admrral Arthur J Hcpburn Hepburn as CINCUS asCINCUS ot of the fleetAircraft fleetAircraft fleet fleetAircraft Aircraft Carriers Carners Help HelpThree Three aircraft 3Ucraft ascraft ; , carriers carners Saratoga SaratogaLexington SaratogaLexmgton Lexmgton Lexington and Ranger are carrymg carrying theIr carryingtheir carrymgtheIr Amenca Amenea Amenica brood of war blids bhds to Amen Ameni ea ca s first 1 ne of defense MIghty Mightybattlesh batUesh battlesh ps sl m destroyers and cunnmg cunning andcunning andcunnmg subman submari es will play vital vitalroles roles in 10 this make bel eve conqu\.St conqu.St conqu .St St conquest \ . conquistand conqu.Stand conquestand and protection of the Pacific Pacl/lc Pacl lc / PacificThe PacllcThe The 1938 defense problem centers around centersaround Pearl harbor in the Tern Terri tory Terntory Territory of Hawa i s Known as the Vii vy navy naVii s larg largest na st base tnis tl\lS tl lS \ beauty beautv bpot .pot pot . ) ot of o1 the Pacific has been the focal focalpomt focalpoint focalpoint pomt point ol of annual maneuvers tor for sev severa several severa era eral ! years But this spring sprmg tor for the thefirst thefirst thefirst first time the navy s show will WJll be bed bediffused bediffused d fuJled diffused over the entire eastern Pa Paclfic Pacific Paciflc clfic cific piling even higher the eVI evs eVIdence evsdente evidence dence dente that Hawaii Hawan is 15 tremendously tremendouslyImportant tremendouslyimportant tremendouslyimportant Important in m protecting protectmg our west westcoast westcoast westcoast coast . Without WJthout it Jt our first line lme of o1 ofdefense o1defense ofdefense defense would be the mainland mamland- mamland mainland- mamlandCahforma mainlandCalifornia mainlandCalifornia - California Cahforma Oregon and Washington Washmgton WashingtonIt WashmgtonIf WashingtonIf It If foreign fore1gn nations have strength strengthened strengthcried strengthened ened cried the r position posJtlon in m an the Pacific PacificwIth Pacificwith Pacificwith wIth long range cruisers crUlsers and planes planesAmerIca planesAmerica planesAmerica AmerIca is 1S helping helpmg its position by bydevelop bydevelop bydevelop develop ng soveral s"veral sveral s " veral strategic 1s1ands islands islandsas 1s1andsas as refueling refuelmg points pomts and refuges for forhombers forbombers forbombers hombers bombers These include mclude such bar barren barren barren ren spots as remote Howland Island island1 1 500 miles southwest ot of Hawaii Hawan Re Recently Recently Recently cently a navy bomber flew this thJS dls dis dlstance distance distance tance and return The teat feat attracted attractedlittle attractedlittle attractedlittle little attention attenbon yet it was tremen tremendously tremendously tremendously dously important 1mportant importantA 1mportantA A few years ago the fl fi ght range ot of army and navy planes miles 150miles was 150 That IS a plane could carry only sufftc suffac ent fuel to fly out from from11s 11s its base 150 mIles and return There fore aviation patrols were hmlted limited to circles of 140 miles males around Ha wah wait the Panama canal Alaska the and west Coast of the mamJand mainland new long distance bombers The have plugged the holes hoIes leftIn in this system left lefttion our defense netNo net netNo No Sieve Here ' pf pffrom When that navy naw bomber bo- bo bothis - tnp tr from fromaHooluluo aHooluluo aHooluluoobHow Honolulu obHow made the t to Howland and andt andit It announced to the World S Sm Sam that UnCle m s PacIfic defense defenseas \\as as was \ a Wall Wallnot not a s eve It meant that observa tion bon planes the theV eyes of the fleet could scout from tlans trans Hawaii to the A'eu Aeu ' ' from HawaII to Howland HawaII to M . dway . . . from - - V It , - Italso that meantthat bombers --j j alsoj 1.1 11 also aiso meant could eould eouldcarry couldcarry carry thclr their deadly theirdeadly cargoes bl btAce betAne ( ? ! ? . "e e " . Anvotth otth- otth \ any .IllY IllY otthany ot of th these * ese - points pomts and get safely back to the theHawaJlan theHawaiian theHawaiian HawaJlan Hawaiian baseWJth baseWith base baseWith With WJth Howland Baker and Jarvis JarvisJslandJi Jarvisislands Jarvisislands JslandJi islands now American possessIOns possessIOnsbemg possessionsbeing possessionsbeing bemg being developed tor for refueling refuelmg and andaVJatlon andaviation andaviation aVJatlon aviation purposes the United Umted States Statesgovernment Statesgovernment Statesgovernment government holds a strong posItIon positionin 10 in the South Pacific America also alsoowns alsoowns alsoowns owns Palmyra island in m that vlcm vicrn vlcmIty vicrnsty vicmity Ity sty which has a quiet qwet lagoon swt suit swtable suitable suitable able tor for seaplane landings landmgs KlSka Kiska Kiskain 10 in the Aleutians is . one ot of the SIX SIXAmerican sixAmerican sixAmerican American ports closed to foreign foreignshIpping foreignshipping foreignshipping shIpping and over which no civilian civilianall"craft civilianaircraft civilianaircraft all"craft allcraft aircraft " is JS permitted to fly WIthOut withoutapproval withoutapproval , approval by the governmentMeanwhIle governmentMeanwhile government governmentMeanwhile Meanwhile the m military ltary establish establishment establishmerit estabhshment ment merit in m Hawaii Hawall hasn t been neglect neglected neglected ed It has become the most 1m im 1mport important important port portant ant defense center ot of the na natlOn natron nation tlOn tron It is estimated estunated that approxi approximately approximately approximately mately $100 100 $100000000 100000000 $ 000 000 has been spent spenton spenton spenton on lortlfica fortifications tlOns aloneMany aloneMany alone aloneMany Many a world power is 1S now angry angrywIth angrywith angrywith wIth itself itsell for not having havmg annexed annexedmore annexedmore annexedmore more of the several hundred smaJI small smaJIIslands smallislands smallislands Islands that dot the Pacific Pacillc and andwhich andwhich andwhich which are now looming loommg more Impor Important importacit important tant tacit for naval purposes Today for forthe forthe forthe the first time it is 1S apparent that the thenahons thenations thenations nahons nations which control the Islands Islandsare islandsare islandsare are those which control the Pacific PacificItself Pacificitself Pacificitself PacificitselfJapan Itself ItselfJapan itselfJapan Japan s 5 Pacific PowerFrance PowerFrance Power PowerFrance France Portugal Germany and andThe andThe andThe The Netherlands have disappeared disappearedas as strong contenders for lor Pac1fic Pacific Pac1ficpower Pacificpower Pacificpower power The last to leave was Ger Germany Germany Germany many and its place was taken by byJapan byJapan byJapan Japan which was given most Ger German German German man possessions under mandate at atthe atthe atthe the treaty ot of Versailles VerJlallles Under thiS thiSmandate thismandate thismandate mandate Japan took virtual posses possesS10n possessoon possession S10n soon of a strip stnp of the Pacific 2500 2500mIles 2 500 500miles 500miles mIles long from east to west and and1 1 200 miles m11es wide She acquired 623 6231slands 623islands 623islands 1slands islands including mcludmg the Mananas Marianas Mananasgroup Marianasgroup Marianasgroup group ( with the exception of ofGuam ofGuam otGuam Guam ) the \ Marshall l\IarshaJI l IarshaJI islands the theCarolme theCaroline theCaroline Carolme Caroline islands and the Palau IS ISlands islands islands islandsS lands landsS S nee nce flee Japan is 1S probably the only onlynation onlynation onlynation nation from which the United Umted States Stateshas Stateshas Stateshas has anything anythmg to fear m In the PacJfic Pacific PacJficthe Pacificthe Pacificthe the Versailles mandate now looms loomshIghly loomshighly loomshighly hIghly important Japan can estab estabIIsh establish establish IIsh lish naval bases almost halfway halfwayacross halfwayacross halfwayacross across the ocpan ocean from her home homeshores homeshores homeshores shores and within wlthm 2$00 200 2 . oOO JOO $ miles of ofHawaII ofHawaii oHawaii ( HawaII within wlthm easy stnk strlk strik ng rig dls dis dlstance distance distance tance But she has not yet estab establ1shed established established l1shed lished these bases and Uncle Sam Samhas has made his Hawaiian islands 1slands so soImpregnable soimpregnable soimpregnable Impregnable as to discourage the themost themost themost most optimistic optltmshc would be attacker attackerWhich WhIch once again emphasizes emphasJzes the theIslands theislands theislands Islands Importance since an ene enemy enemy enemy my from the vest 'Vest ' ' would almost almosthave have to gain gam possession of Hawan Hawaii Hawaiibefore Hawanbefore before attacking the United Umted States StatesOahu Oahu the island onhlch on \ which \\hlch hlch \ Hono Honolulu lulu is located is circled by a coast coastrailway raIlway bemoved on which guns can be moved attack quickly quichly to stave off oil any at tack Latest anti anb ants aircraft alrcraft weapons weaponsare are ready for the enemy mcludlng including includinghuge huge horns capable ot of picking plckmg up the upthe sound of aircraft miles away 800000000 ThIs awayThis sound is transferred to 800 000 000 candle power searchhghts searchlights Once searchlightsOnce searchhghtsOnce the enemy pl-me pl me phne plane - is 1S bathed m in light inlight mlight range finding devices devJces auto automatically automatJcaily matJcaily matically aim the guns on the tar get getU Eel tarEel target EelUS U US S Joins the Race Racefl : Talk Talkof RaceTalk ? of oteunsand guns and battleships , fleet fl and maneuvers may sound JltrangeI to Jltrange strange I American ears today and more than one slow individualwill slowawakenmg awakening mdlvJdual individual will ill wonder why aU all this bustle about efendmg defending aboutefendmg the PaCIfic But m in Wash Ington where congress IS bWldmg building program aprogram that a will give the United States |