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Show MINING AND SMELTING - Able Miners Developed Greatest Utah Industry ft 0 P Mining has meant mora than "the . business of excavating ore" in Utah history. I It bu been the means by which courageous men willing to back their - Judgment with hard work and all their limited resources have made fortune! to use in "building" their tate along other lines. Nature buried minerals In abundance abun-dance in the Utah mountains, but difficulties dif-ficulties of mining, smelting and transportation were at times so nearly Insurmountable that only men of optimistic op-timistic daring would have risked their time and money. The state was J fortunate, however, In attracting men! of such ability they could prove Abraham Lincoln was correct when he said: "Utah will yet become the treasure house of the nation." . Coal, Iron and lead for bullets were ' sought by the pioneers shortly after they arrived, but Brigham Young discouraged dis-couraged prospecting for precious metals. By the close of 1850 Mai was being burned In Salt Lake City, but trans, portation difficulties led the 1854 legislature to offer $100 for discovery of a coal vein not less than 18 inches thick within 40 miles of the city. Even this offer brought no results I chinery, discovered coal and dragged It to the foundry on sledges, built up Tires with sage brush, and at the lame time raised crops, built homes uid guarded against Indians. Despite such difficulties, pigiron was produced in 1852, but the odds were too great and the foundry soon closed. K bell of Utah iron continued to ring over the Townsend house in Salt Lake City, however, "to tell the people peo-ple Utah would some day produce coal and iron in abundance." In 1863 a prospector, George B. Ogilvie, kicked up a piece of ore in Bingham Canyon and sent it to General Gen-eral Patrick E. Conner, Fort Douglas commandant First Claim Staked An essay showed rich gold and silver, sil-ver, so General Connor hastened to Bingham and on September 17, 1863, staked out the Jordan claim first in the state and the property from which grew the big United States Smelting, Refining and Mining company. com-pany. So impressed was General Connor with prospects he sent out a circular letter on war department stationery describing the possibilities of finding wealth in Utah, and became the "father of mining" In the territory. . SOME OF THE OLD "PARK CITY BUNCH" Among those) prominent in development of the Park City area were these: Front row (left to right), R. C. Chambers, reported to have made $1,000,-00Q $1,000,-00Q out of the Ontario mine; Martin Correll and David Keith of Mayflower May-flower and Silver King fame. Rear row, Alex Moffat, father of D. D. Moffat, vice president and general manager of the Utah Copper company, I and James Pearson. Daly, Richard Mackintosh and the rest. Nearly all of them started as poor young men, but they reinvested the fortunes they made in mining operations opera-tions to prove themselves not only able, but forward-looking citizens of Utah. Damon and Pythias of the group were the late Senator Kearns and the late David Keith, who shared many enterprises on a 50-50 basis. Canadian-born, they worked together togeth-er in the Ontario till Mr. Kearns took a contract to tunnel in the Woodside and noticed the direction of the vein was toward the undeveloped Mayflower Mayflow-er property. Mr. Kearns. with Mr. Keith, Mr. Emery. Mr. Judge and W. V. Rice leased the Mayflower and extracted $1,600,000 but spent $180,000 of this winning one of the longest and hardest hard-est fought litigations in mining law when owners of the Northland questioned ques-tioned their right to title. Silver King Developed With their profits, Mr. Kearns, Mr. Keith, with their partners and W. H. Dodge, bonded the four Silver King claims in 1891, sank a 750-foot fchaft mrA Ar'tA tA v.- w Some $3,000,000 In ore had been mined when a fault cut the vein like a knife. Charges were made the American minister to England had used his official position to boost the itock and diplomats perspired freely settling the matter. Ox Trams Freighted Ore ' In those dayse ore was freighted down Little Cottonwood canyon by ox tefim to Ogden, thence by rail to San Francisco and around Cape Horn to Swansea. Wales, for smelting and refining. Only high grade ore would pay for such expensive handling, but Alta I prospered. Men like Alexander Tarbet had taken ta-ken the lead in developing other Alta properties and in 1873 5000 persona lived! at the canyon camp, six sawmills saw-mills I and five breweries catered to the seeds of the mines and miners and more than 100 men reposed in the town cemetery, victims of fights over imining claims. Loss of the Emma vein was beginning be-ginning of the end. for in 1873 silver - was (demonetized, the following year a snewslide killed 60 men and buried muck of Alta under drifts 40 feet deep, and the town soon became a "ghost camp." Few were so lucky, however, as Am rij 4 BINGHAM WHERE FIRST MINING CLAIM WAS LOCATED One of the earliest pictures of Bingham canyon, showing intersection of Cerr fork and the main canyon in the days when that mining town's great properties were tittle more than prospect holes. ' taining a uound of ore. Mr. Kearns was a shrewd man of affairs as well as a practical miner, and with him as manager the mine became one of the greatest lead-silver properties In the world. Though he made a fortune, Mr. Kearns could no more forget the workers' problems than his hands could lose their signs of having toiled, and "Tom," as his older employes called him, instituted a benefit system sys-tem at the Silver King long before the workmen's compensation laws were created. A delegate to the state constitutional constitution-al convention, he Introduced and secured se-cured adoption of the eight-hour day law and in 1901 the state senate elect-ed elect-ed him to the United States senate. When John J. Daly was only 17 he crossed 200 miles of hostile Indian territory between Fort Peck and Fort (Continued cm Following acc Rector Steen, who had enlisted for army service in Utah, so he could look' for ore. I Park City Prospers Prospecting in the Park City district) dis-trict) June 15, 1872, Steen saw a knob of are projecting above the ground. Thei first assays showed 100 to 400 ounees of silver to the ton, and Steen staked out the famous Ontario, from whith came more than $40,000,000 in fold, silver and lead. With that Park City was on its way to become one of the leading mining min-ing tcamps of the west. Proud places in Utah history are reserved for the "old Park City bunch" Thomas Kearns. David Keith. R. C Chambers, James Ivers, Al Emery, John Budge, E. P. Ferry and W. M. Ferry Sr., Ezra Thompson, J. R. Murdock, D. C. McLaughlin, J. J. . 1 for nine years, and then the coal sold for $40 a ton. I With coming of the railroad, the coal mining industry developed de-veloped to meet residential and in- dustrial needs, I but with a sixth of the state's area underlain with coal . of workable thickness the industry Is still in relative Infancy. Iran Discovered Early Early in 1850 Parley P. Pratt dis-. dis-. covered iron in southern Utah and George A. Smith led a party of col-nists col-nists to establish an iron factory. Separated from Salt Lake City by . nearly 300 miles of wilderness, these Iron county pioneers tore tires from their wagons to make foundry ma- He located Stockton and there constructed con-structed the first silver and lead smelting works in this area, even interesting in-teresting New York capital in the enterprise. Discovering ore in Little Cottonwood Cotton-wood canyon. General Connor poured $80,000 into his Utah properties and laid the groundwork for much that was to come many of the rules he submitted at a meeting of miners assembled as-sembled on his call were later made part of mining law but the development develop-ment had come too early to succeed. The smelter at Stockton failed and it was too expensive to freight by ox team to the Pacific coast or St, Louis, so the original discoverers in Utah's mining history profited little. Railroad Aided Mining Then came the railroad, and soon the boom was on. Discoveries in Alta. Beaver county. Bingham. Tintic, Ophir, Silver Reef, Mercur, Park City and other camps came so fast every prospector felt he was slated to be a millionaire. An international "crisis" was narrowly nar-rowly averted following discovery of the Emma mine at Alta. James F. Woodman, from whose claim at Bingham came the first copper cop-per ore shipped out of the state and who later located and made $500,000 from the Centennial-Eureka at Tintic. was one of the Emma discoverers. With him was William Wallace Chis-hoim. Chis-hoim. who had decided prospecting was more attractive than $150 a year as a printer's apprentice in Minnesota. The miners were indebted to the Walker brothers for supplies, so these I pioneer merchants and embryo bankers bank-ers took a large interest in the mine. Woodman sold out for $110 000 in 1871. and a year later the Walker brothers sold the Emma to a British syndicate for $5,000,000. t a i - . MERCUR BIGGEST OF THE STATE S GOLD CAMPS "Boom times" were on when this picture was taken of Mercur, but until recently revived, the once populous city was for many years little mora than a ghost camp. . - 1 THOMAS KEARNS Alert mining executive and United States senator. I! -' 4 I i. , T several years and sold tt for $5,000,-000. $5,000,-000. His alienee regarding his philanthropies philan-thropies was typical of Utah's mining leaders. I His wife, Eleanor Campbell, received a circular from a Campbell university in Kansas. j "What's thisr she asked. I "Oh, a school I endowed," Mr. Campbell Camp-bell answered carelessly, and the matter mat-ter ended. Mr. Campbell at another time! deposited de-posited $500,000 in an eastern hank, tut the man in whom he left power of attorney thought to double the sum m a railroad scheme and) invested in-vested it without consulting Mr. Campbell. Camp-bell. Every cent was lost. "I recall Mr. CamDbell mentintilne v. J (li "v"; .JV 'i r m V . -1' ''?.-'-.:.'" I - v V" "UNCLE" JESSE KNIGHT Conducted temperance experiment. Mining Camps Plentiful Here (ConttalMd from Pred1ns Pas) Benton, Montana, alone for mail. Of such stuff were Utah's mining leaders made, and the Daily mining company, Daly-West and Daly-Judge mines at Park City were monuments to his Work. Ezra Thompson, a native Salt Laker, prospered In Park City and returned to his birthplace to become mayor In 1890. "Mr. Thompson loves a good horse nd is often seen behind a fast roadster road-ster giving his dust to the puffing and hopeless automobile," wrote Orson P. Whitney, a contemporary historian. One of the phenomenal early developments de-velopments was the Horn Silver mine In the Frisco district, with which the name of Allen G. Campbell is prominently promi-nently connected. Mr. Campbell claimed to have been the first to explore Yellowstone park. Be came to Utah from Montana and, with Matt Cullen, Augnatus Bryan nd Dennis Ryan, bought the Horn Silver for 125,000, worked it profitably COLONEL E. A. WALL Active in several mining camps. this but twice, 'and then only incidentally," inci-dentally," his widow reported later. The Silver Reef, discovered near St. George in IMS and a producer of nearly $10,000,000, was unusual in that the silver ore came from mauds tone and thence rose the myth that an assayer waa chased out of Piocha because be-cause persons who suspected ho was a fraud gave him a piece of sandstone sand-stone grindstone and he reported it ore to meet the payroll. But I wouldn't take such a condition too seriously if I were you, because my observation has been that almost always it would tested high in silver. ) At one time or another mining camps t Contlniwl oa rollowtas Ps; Mining Men Invested Ca ins in Other Fields When the $75,000,000 United State Smelting, Mining and Refining core pany waa organized, W. G. Sharp, a native Utahn, waa named presfc dent One of the greatest nonferrous smelt ing centers in the world hu grown up around Salt Lake City, and mine) have expanded until more than half of the state's population derives it living, directly or indirectly, from ment of Knightsville, allegedly the only mining camp In the west which had no drinking saloon. Mr. Knight had an agreement with his workers that he would pay good wages, not require them to eat at a company boarding house, not make arbitrary ar-bitrary pay deductions for hospital,' insurance or other purposes and net permit any foreman to question a man as to his religion or politics, but in - I W. S. McCornick, for many yean the dominant financial figure in the state, was a heavy Investor in Utah mines and is said to have maintained a "pension roll" of old prospectors who had found hard work and little els in the mining game. A pioneer at several Utah, camps was the late Colonel E. A. Wall, who showed hie interest In community betterment bet-terment when, as chairman of Salt Lake City's board of public works, he gave a personal bond of $90,000 and said later he would have posted "11,-000.000 "11,-000.000 if necessary" so that work could proceed on a street improvement improve-ment job' which some property owners, own-ers, were threatening to hold up with an injunction. Most important strictly gold camp in the state, was that at Mercur, and prominent here was John Dern, father of the late Secretary of War George Dern. Then there were Alfred William Mc-Cune, Mc-Cune, Theodore Burback, William Hatfield, Hat-field, Richard D. Millet, Robert C. Gemmell.l Henry W. Lawrence the list of Utah "builders" In the mining Industry Is lengthy, but even if others deserving1 mention are omitted for lack of space, attention must be paid Samuel Newhouse, the "sentimental Napoleon," who did so much to make Bingham i the mining center it la He was reputed one of the most generous men who ever made and lost a dozen fortunes, and in his eagerness to "give back to Utah what it gave to him" he built the Newhouse and Boston baildings, donated sites for the chamber lof commerce and stock exchange ex-change buildings and started the New-house New-house hotel. Fifteen years after he had been a freighter! in Leadville, Colo., he was worth $10,000,000 and was lunching with Kisg Edward of England in London. Improvement of Utah's milling and smelting facilities kept pace with the development of mining. As fan back as 1671, W. S. God be organized a British company with capitalization cap-italization of more than $330,000 and built on of the first smelters In the state. God be was directly responsible for erection of mills and smelters in nearly all the principal districts of Utah! I First known use of water jackets en lead furnaces in the world was at the Winnamuch smelter at Bingham In the early "70's. Demonetization of silver in 1892 turned attention of miners to lead and smelting became an industry separata from mining. ContlMMd from Preceding Pag) were worked In 22 of Utah's .ountlea. Many of these camps are long since ghost towns, but it Is notable that all of the biggest producing localities of 1937 were located within a few years after prospecting began In the state. Within a month after Steve Moor located the Sunbeam first claim in Tintle in 1870, the Eureka Hill and Mammoth were staked out and by 1871 the Silver City and Diamond camps were operating. It was the porphyry and not the limestones that first attracted miners, though, and the mammoth mine in the limestone, later to produce $30,000,000, wa straded for a herd of Texas cat-' cat-' . tie. I Building of a railroad Into the district dis-trict in 1878 speeded development Typical of the mining men of that area who made and lost several fortunes for-tunes was John Berk, who gave his name to the famous Bullion-Beck Mining Min-ing company. With his own money he built the first L. D. S. church at Eureka, constructed con-structed a school ar d hired a teacher, then went back to his old home in Lent to build a theater, start a brass band and set out trees in the city park. I He helped establish the pioneer sugar sug-ar factory, converted the hot springs north of Salt Lake City into a sanitarium, san-itarium, raised fine horses and cattle, and found time to serve an L D. S. mission In Germany, arranging for 200 converts to emigrate and giving all the heads of families jobs at his mines. I Also prominent In Tintic's early days were the brothers John H. and Jackson Jack-son McChrystal. I After hearing another operator complain com-plain about his problems, John H. nre replied: I "There have been times when I have stayed awake night after night trying try-ing to figure where I could get enough last several months and then without warning It would get worse." One of those who reached Tintle Immediately after the first discovery was "Uncle" Jesse Knight of Provo, who later when his Humbug and Uncle Un-cle Sam mines were paying him $10,-000 $10,-000 a month, established the settle- W. S. McCORNICK Maintained "pension roll." the mining Industry. It took men of courage to make thla possible, though. E. J. Raddatz spent 10 years of his life and expended $407,000 before be-fore commercial ore was discovered on the "goat ranch" that Is now th famous Tinlic Standard Mining com pany property. D. C. Jack ling and his associate spent $20,000,000 and made the Utah Copper company open cut the world' greatest mining venture of its time before it waa placed on a profitable basis. Through the work of its mining leaders, Utah has become one of th greatest metal producing states, even! phase of the state's economic life haa benefited and the nation has been provided pro-vided approximately $2,000,000,000 la new wealth. Truly, such men were "builders" of Utah. I "SENTIMENTAL NAPOLEON" Samuel Newhouso, who spared no effort to return to Utah what its mines gav him. return he was to free to fire any man who spent his money for drink or neglected to support his family. It was an experiment in temperance that worked. I Mr. Knight once said "When I die i! won't leave much money, but Til leave somebody a lot of work," and his career showed he was more convened con-vened with developing Utah than in iraking money, for he was active In metal and coal mining, livestock, beet sugar manufacturing. agriculture, banking and other enterprises. I |