Show A J 1 f r w r CONFLICT T j 1 ij ORD AND G GIRD FOR THE 1 PA TITANIC IC struggle rug lug J between Daniel Gug- Gug 4 head of f one one of the mo most t stu- stu r t rp hJ v hd ms mining corporations ons s. s extracting t. t from th then guano beds beda or Chile of-Chile Ch Uc and Ond r II Henry nry nry Ford I f ord oI automobile m I n prince lace of or q quantity production on to kin nitrate rk r iW F I f froni Font m the b air in Muscle n Shoals seems seem 1 1 I r P t t. t r t While hIl bU Henry Ford Lord Ford Fordis is being vastl va vastly In in- in la t c d as to how bow Co Congress ress cannot do 10 things thing fl a t h. h o other oUr American lan wizard mara Is preparing tc te I enter ner into a n not with tb the Tenn Tennessee Ten Ten- Iii n nesse lU Hirer vcr b but t with with that bat storehouse of 01 f t nitrates tI that strange tran Atacama desert down lawn I the other side Iid of the thc Equator for the pro pro- of or this talus is material materia which n c is s the basis t c for rr gunpowder ler and od fertilizer v Ford and the Muscle Shoals waterpower I y I C i y c H I L L- LEl El E 1 i.- i. 1 milling g the worlds world's s free ree ree arr air make a n fI formic formic- II ahl able bl combination tt n Guggenheim in In control of the Atacama desert the worlds world's storehouse storehouse storehouse store store- house for raw nitrate is not not net to be brushed I. lightly aside This man Guggenheim is not so fa bad badly y matched with For Ford when It comes to capital l and Arid demonstrated productive capacity The he Guggenheims of New Few N T w York copper kings are known around the world Daniel Guggenheim Is the head hend of or the th house bouse The he Atacama tacama de desert ert in In northern Chile the time nitrate storehouse of af the world is is' the tile latest field field of of his exploitation an exploitation ba backed ed by all nIl that scIence elen science and and And American Amerlan genius for development can bring to bear upon the problem It It was tI the Ambassador of or Chile Chile to the tb U. U United 11 States Senor Don Beltran Mathieu 1 ia tb Iu t who down in Washington the other day told told me the story of how bow Guggenheim in to the theS S Eo Eo southern thern to hemisphere is planning to c compete compete clam clam- com com- y r.- r. 1 pete Sete with Ford in in theOf the tb northern in th the th matter f. f of ot fertilizing agricultural ural lands lauds Senor Mathien athlen is S Chilean hor born borri t but so commingling a or ore lire the Ih ra races o on n this side sid of or the world tha that i t his bis father fathel was a n i. i Frenchman re eban by birth an andIon and and Ion Ion his on ai his 11 hi iS mothers mother's s side side h he e l h has as a strain of L v it English J E g bl blood 0 od Although he hC i is 11 a n tat lawyer lawer by to J 1 I pro profession r 0 e son sion on and md education this t diplomatist is t M nl also I also o tl the Ie proprietor of a little e farm farm as p he h he 1 e toys says fas fa's of of a about b nu t SOO 0 acres acres where wh h re lIe he raises raises rases cattle sheep f fruits rm t s n and and 1 cereals cereal As Ai Ashe r 1 he Ie has bas be been n fifteen t een b years ears s in n the diplomatic fc i J L Service l nine years ears ears in m the time Ie C Chilean Congress f P and twice Ice a i i Cabinet Minister linister he h has had like Ik S like flike Senator Wadsworth of New Nety York 11 tc te t p t t FI do j 1 v- v do co much of his I 1 I S f farming I Ilg b by y P proxy rOx Y r bU but t just mist N I tl the Ie same salve aIDe t the h e mo moment en t ou you mention a o ao g tu ture rc t to 0 h hin him m diplomacy i 1 omae V i is s furloughed g l Per er- er haps hails that is one reason wily why he Is so much 7 h interested t rested in the nitrate fertilizer f ft problem i t IF F YOU would l more clearly visualize Senor Mathieu think of Marshal Foch Both have have th that t high thin aquiline nose which seems to indicate broadness of intellectual grasp p a n wide forehead large steady arly e eyes eli and an air all of quiet readiness for whatever V t f may m ay betide Indeed it t often has Las been remarked remarked re- re marked In Washington that there Is ii a z r marked resemblance b between the he two men f t There is also a certain mental resemblance f f in that both men men have llave the faculty of going I straightly and anti deliberately to the core of each h subject brought to their attention no matter Batter how great the press of business and of of considering it with admirable detachment from Senor Mathieu would pass almost anyWhere any any- where here in hi the United States for a native busness business busi- busi ness nelS or professional t 4 man exec except P t that the pleasant Spanish accent of his precise and Ly fluent English and the Latin trick of a shrug f the shoulders that speaks more than words wards would give him away that his f four ur b. b years in in Washington have given him a familiar fa- fa fa familiar control of the Ameri Americanisms of the language a guage That Latin LaUn shrug however goes goesL L' L LJ J with an almost British calmness of facial expression exl ex- ex 3 l and gesture But nitrates loom v large huge in Chile Chile-as Chile ras large as cotton or corn cornor or or r the automobile industry in the United L' L St States States and and tes-and and the Ambassador expressed him him- Si tJ self FeU with eager eager emphasis' emphasis when when- our talk got t i i t around around to to that su subject Are Are Are your people much Interested 1 In t the e f Muscle l Shoals enterprise enterprise- ris basked I asked at this st stage ge i j Most A Ot certainly wa a was s th the cnn candid i answer l ut a trace of diplomatic modification u i we be Until be-Until l y 1 f nitrogen l. l ro Jn were developed in IU Geri Ger- Ger i CS' v jut p j. j I r 1 r i t r r 1 1 t 5 t i 1 0 J 1 lt I. I many and Norway In recent times we bad had in our our nitrate deposits an una un a actual monopoly of tile the worlds world's supply commercially speaking king and and as a a practical matter matteI we s still U have a J monopoly for even Ge ma mes to us for v nitrates she can afford to her present prese present lt state It isa is a a par paradox dox but th the l arid aridity aridity rid arid ity of the great dead desert of Atacama renews renews re renews re- re news the fertility or the whole world Ages ago ngo nature c conducted n there thelo thelon a n somewhat larger ll ger nitrogen fixation enterprise thail willbe will vill willbe ville be e established at Muscle Shoals The nitrate o soda extracted ff from m m the salts of that desert have now r for many years ears imparted fertility to your sandy soils and have q multiplied mul- mul agricultural pro production in Germany Belgium and many other Countries The United States takes about one third one of our nitrate production So when Mr Ford talks talks about bout o or is it tons of nitrate a year ear at Muscle l Shoals at atO 40 O Oa a to ton we are e deeply ep I concerned I TS IS THAT cheaper cheaper than from J Chile can be laid down in the United States I inquired 5 Af At the moment moment doubtless doubtless yes but the I sensational thing has happened 9 1 Your American house of Guggenheim has just con concluded a long and elaborate examination nation nallon of t the e mining refining an and transportation trans trans- t trans transportation ans- ans porta lion of of o our our r nitrates not nitrates and not long ago Mr 1 Guggenheim told me that by means of f certain improvements improvements' he was now able to tor r reduce du the costs of producing sodium nitrate ni nitrate nitrate ni- ni about one When I first heard card th that Mr Ford was considering going into Into the busin business s of the fi fixation ati ll 9 I- I In in n 9 order g to help I your farmers I thought that h he would have a c served served t ji j Cop 1322 1022 by cy i Public Ledger Leaser Company J By William WiIIiam I la r mer Atherton Ath t D Du u P Puy u Y u. u A 7 r. r Senor Mathieu who with most other natives of Chile is deeply interested in the nitrate war between Ford and Gut Guggenheim enheim them better had he applied his his capital al and his wizardry to the the natural deposits deposits- le in i Atacama desert But lint now it makes no difference dif dlf- ference ferenc ference Mr Guggenheim has none one it lieis lIe He is now in Chile bim himself with his chief engineer e en- en and find a party of engineers engineer's and other technicians in his employ to the the- the number of fifty I have ave recen recently Iy sailed from front NewYork to begin forthwith the erection of factories for for the the production of sodium ni nitrate nitrate nitrate ni- ni from the deposits th the Guggenheim group group has acquired or Is about to acquire How flow did the Guggenheims co come come e to ln Int In- In interest in- in t terest rest themselves in the nitrite nitrate c problem m I asked at at nt this tins point T They ar arR great arc great copper miners In Chile Chile Chile- the time Chile C Copper Company Compan ever everybody body has bas heard of that But the depression in the demand for copper has led Jed to a curtailment of their output So it It occurred to them they that they should hould have other interests interests interests' which c could uld occupy the attention of their managers and engineers at the present time and give them some eggs in another basket in inthe the j future They tho thought of of the nitrate industry industry industry indus indus- try which is very unprogressive e and you might say antique in its its methods and and processes The result I have told you ou They will modernize and cheapen nitrate production amazingly But nut will they thc 1 be e able even evell then to pro pro- um nitrate cheaply cheaply- enough enough gh to compete compete com com- pete with l Ius Muscle le Shoals Yes f By the new process ju we shall beable be able to put our sodium n nitrate f. rD tc-f. tc o. o U b. b vessels at or other ports poets for perhaps l five shillings a hundredweight If thatIs Is J not ot en enough ug I we shall hall remove the export duty s son on OIl n nite nitrates co e States t. t t s We need the revenue revenue but but we we need need more more 1 x I S i ij the thee tra trade e. e Besides as a It speaker pointed o out t In your agricultural conference the Muscle Shoals Shoal plant will make aisles ammonium I n nitrate and further processing willi willbe bc n csar c- c essary sar to turn tarn it into the the tue sodium nitrate the ia farmer farmer uses uses' uses I But after all I I think perhaps we borrow borrow borrow bor bor- bor- bor row trouble An American Cri friend nd sa said ll to tome tome me the other day clay You You should wele Henry Ford in the nitrate business s lie He Isa is isa a great advertiser lIe He will make sodium nitrate as p popular as fl flivvers ers Then not all nIl the nitrate of Muscle Muscle Shoals or all nil the nitrate of Atacama desert will Ife ilc sufficient to supply the demand That hat was partly said paid in jest but there Is much truth in it it Your agriculture requires many times as ns much nitrogen as now but your our people have not got the th habit und end perhaps nitrogenous enous fertilizers ha have vc been too costly catty Between Between Between Be Be- tween tween Mr h Ford Mr lr Guggenheim the Tennessee Ten Tell River and rind what nature did die long ago in Atacama Atacama- dc desert crt they may mur have huge quantities at lower costs Even at your present 1 Vale rate of consumption Muscle Shoals cannot make snake more than half of your re re- re But limit it may be that there willbe will willbe ill be some disappointment at Muscle Shoals Shoals Mr Ford Perhaps may one day ask for a protective tariff on an nitrates That would be a strange thing thing to to check the importation tion of oC fertility The farmers might have haven an n o opinion on that subject then u BUT UT in many any eve event t I suggested would the closing of this market to Chilean nitrates be he e a serious matter to Chile Chile Chile- Are there not abundant markets markets' for them elsewhere else else- elsewhere where where where- k To cut cut this cutoff off this market fox for our nitrates i would would ld U be b. a ver very cry serious V bj blow v to ta trade be between between be- be Nitrates Nitrates Nitrates' s const const- or su- su tween ib fh the two two tt o countries countries' the U Unit United nitro l Sta States tes tute tote our chief ex export n port to It is with them that we bu buy what we w. need that nitrate Is I. a araw arate araw from you on You may ay say ay raw rate material material-a 0 a a nn natural product which product w which manufactured ur gOO goody goods we w. exchange bange for your man fertility t to and at the tb same sam time you yon give iv your soil U and a assist alst your nur farmers To Tome me It se seems that any ny any developments that would that would undermine this trade would be tally tatty uneconomic A 1 bola balanced n c e d t ti trade rode of or that bat sort I is a n most most- i excellent thing for roe a nation having nan manufactured manufactured manu manu- factored goods to tn export Moreover do not forget the problem of your new American America merchant marine marme I J have ascertained ted that one of its greatest difficulties is getting return re return return re- re turn cargoes the ships go to out full and return rn empty emIlty A prosperous nitrate trade means a great great many full loads for far or homeward home home- ward bound ward bound ships and slid there will be I. I I 1 am s sure cure re a n corresponding Increase in outward ard l loa loads a s Doubtless s we should find ind plenty of buyers elsewhere but I should deplore the disruption of t tr trade de 1 between our two tics n co countr coun- coun n tries fr tr tr es s that would would inevitably follow i Is Is the Chilean Government directly in interested interested in- in In the tb advancement of or the tb nl nitrate ti trade trod or is is' is its Us interest simply I. I ply like Ilk that it Et would could have in ill any other business tug fug in fu its territory I asked Our Our government has liar a very ery direct special ape pe cial vial I interest in the tb nitrate t. t trade was wo as the tb 1 reply for for it owns the tb maj major alOr r part of or t the e fields and aud disposes dl poses of or tb them to the lb operators from Crom tI time lime to 10 tI time at nt t a certain l price per Iun hundredweight red o of or tI the estimated contents of f 41 tike ie particular piece of vf land disposed of V 1 c i Moreover er the Ibe he export duty of about sixty cents a n hundred constitutes constitutes' in n ordinary ordinal i U ti times tes les ab about ut third one tI of oC our Federal reve reve- e l The 1 hc le fi fields Ie ld s 1 lie in iii t the Ie desert provinces of of o f n t a C Og t a and n 1 Tarapaca ar an and 1 t their I or working supports OoOO people directly land and nn d. d indirectly dl rec tl who I 10 ma make k e an sit excellent 1 lent market mar ket for the products of our oar agricultural regions as well weir as for our merchants and manufacturers S So 0 you rou see nitrates play a aery very ery 1 large urge arge p part art rt t in our ec economic and anu fiscalS fiscal S a aff affairs ff aIrs irs t 1 c B i TUT UT T sodium nitrate Is more moe titan than a fer- fer It is indispensable bIe t to the manti- manti man manu manufacture 1 facture facu of propellants and high explosives I I Interposed If the supply of nitrates from Chile had been shut off In the recent war nr the Allies Ames would have bCE been n beaten with Ia ease ease e As As' it w there were times when the he arrival of or a It single cargo carso car o of nitrate was vas all that stood between the ithe Allies and defeat I appreciate the fact that the artificial fixation of nitrogen in this |