OCR Text |
Show HAVE LONG SOUGHT MASTERY OF AIR Ambitious Minds Would Control Only Element That Has Defied Man Now It Is Thought That the Aero plane Devised by Wright Brothers May at Least Point the Way to Success Could Laugh at Vessels of War . EW YORK. Those reticent and Intensely absorbed westerners, the Wright brothers of Day-toO., appear to have at last conquered the elements which have so long baffled the Ingenuity of man, and aerial navigation, so long regarded as a fascinating absurdity, now seems to be very much of a practical reality, says a writer In the New York Times. Aside from the triumph of the long and apparently easily controlled flight, the most important Item contained in the news dispatches from Mantou, N. C., where the brothers have been conducting their experiments, Is the statement that the aeroplane not only carried both men, but carried them In a sitting position. The earlier aeroplane of these Inventors ' carried but one aviator, and it was necessary for him to be prone upon his stomach. The significance of the statement lies In the apparent fact that the inventors have at last succeeded in overcoming the real problem of mechanical flight the problem of equilibrium. Aeroplanes that would support their operaEntors have previously been tested. gines of sufficient lightness to propel them through the air at a sufficient speed and to carry their own weight and that of the operators have also been successfully tried. There have been plenty of aeroplanes that would fly In still air. The one needful, essential, and undiscovered thing was an airship that would not capsize when the wind was blowing. Writing In a recent Issue of McClures Magazine, George Klbbe Turner quotes the Wright brothers as asserting that no one who had not navigated the air can appreciate the real difficulty of mechanical flight that the great problem the problem of equilibrium never occurs to any one who has not actually tried flying. solve the problem of equilibrium by some automatic system of balancing. We believe that the control should be left to the operator. The sense of equilibrium la very delicate and certain. s If you lie upon a bed of an Inch out of true, you know It at once. And this sense of equilibrium Is Just as reliable a mile above the earth as It Is on It. "The management of our aeroplane like that of the bicycle, Is based upon the sense of equilibrium of the operator. The mechanism for preserving the balance of the machine consists of levers operated by simple uniform movements which readjust the flying surfaces of the machine to the air. The movement of these levers very soon becomes automatic with the aviator, as does the balancing of a bicycle rider, and simpler to operate than a bicycle. In fact, the aeroplane Is easier to learn. In all our experiments with gliding and flying machines, we have not even sprained a limb; we have scarcely scratched our flesh. three-quarter- We had worked out a new method of practice with gilding machines, they explained. LUllenthal and Chanute had obtained their experience In launching flying with the operator's himself from a hill and gliding down on to lower land. This Involved carrying back their apparatus, after a short flight, to the top of the hill again. Decause of the difficulties of this awkward method, although had made over 2,000 flights, we calculated that In all his five years of experiment he could not have been actually practicing flying more than live hours far too short for the ordinary man to learn to ride a bicycle. It was bur plan to follow the example of soaring birds, and find a place where we could be supported by strong rising winds. "A bird Is really an aeroplane; The portions of its wings near the body are used as planes of support, while the more flexible parts outside, when flapped, act as propellers. Some of the soaring birds are not much more than animated sailing machines. A buzzard can be safely kept In an open pen 30 feet across and ten feet high. He cannot fly out of It. In fact, we know from observation made by ourselves that he cannot fly for any distance up a grade of one to six. Yet these birds sailing through the air are among the commonest sights through a great section of the country. Every one who has been outdoors has seen a buzzard or hawk soaring; every one who has been at sea has seen the gulls sailing after a steamship for hundreds of miles with scarcely a movement of the wings. All of these birds are doing the same thing they are balancing on rising currents of air. The buzzards and hawks find the currents blowing upward off the land; the gulls that follow the steamers from New York to Florida are merely sliding down bill a thousand miles on rlBlng currents In the wake of the steamer In the atmosphere, and on the hot air rising from her smokestacks." Think Great 8peed Possible. win y, hut the faster the speed the less necwill be the supporting surface will speeds for high essary, and wings small. Not only will be very naturally size less support be needed, but the must be reduced to reduce the friction of the air. Fearful Only of Capsize. bad an Although one of the brothers tney ago, ugly fall only a few days both maintain that tho only danger to be apprehended from an aeropne A breakIs the danger of a capsize. of the endown, or a suddoa stopping certainly gine, they say and they d mas-toshould know does not entail It might as on the first thought Their explanation Is that appear. In while the aeroplane Is supported motion own Its through air the all through it, yet gravity furnishes the energy that Is needed to get safeb' to the ground. When the scales power Is shut off it merely TheoIts to landing. through the air above retically. It is safer at a mile the earth than at 200 feet, because it has a wider choice of places In which to land; you can choose your landa ing from 256 square miles from mile above the surface If descending one in sixteen. As a matter of fact, the they said, we always shut off and to start we alight, power when come down by the force of gravity. We reach the ground at so illght an angle and so lightly that it Is impossible for the operator to tell by his own sensation within several yards of where the ground was first actually touched. "We feel that it Is absolutely essential for us to keep our method of control a secret We could patent many points in the machine, and It Is possible that we could make a success of the Invention commercially. We have been approached by many promoters But we believe that on the matter. our best market Is to sell the to some government for use In war. To do this It is necessary for us to keep Its construction an absolute secret. To the same writer the brothers The brothers believe that the event- made the Interesting statement that ual speed of the aeroplane will be they did not expect the aeroplane ever easily 60 miles an hour, and may be to displace the railroad or the steam- r, Fatalities Among Inventors. nut If these two experimenters have had Immunity from mishap their predecessors have not Among the first to undertake the task of demonstrating that a mechanical flying machine Is possible was Otto LUllenthal, a German mechanical engineer. He made a study of the flight of birds and eventually concluded that very little was known of the laws which govern the flight of the feathered tribe. He began experimenting In 1891, using wingfi constructed like those of soaring birds. Equipped with these, he sailed down hill sides Into valleys. After a series of more than 2.000 flights one of his wings gave way one day and In his tumble to earth he dislocated his spine and died the following day. That was In 1896. Three years later an Englishman, Percy S. Pilcher, be-- WIEN BETWEEN ONE AND time Table WITH FINDS HUSBAND BAT- HOT TLE RESULTS. PRINCIPALS PINCHED ARE SOUTH-flODN- No. Sl-- Por Psyion. Swuqul M4 Lo Aneclcs... No. Can't Agree on Division of Purse and the Fight Is Declared a Draw-Dec- ision to Be Announced In Police Court Mrs. Evelyn Jones, vrife of Dr. Eugene Jones, and Mrs. Ella, Vender-poolVanderpool, wife of John E. a commission merchant, fought four rounds in the presense of a large afopen air audience the other night Jones Mrs. found Mrs. ter Vanderpool and Vanderpool together at Tenth and Olive streets. They fought over two city blocks with a throng of men and women fol lowing them like a gallery" at a goll game. Mrs. Vanderpool, with her sister, was walking west n Olive street when she caught sight of her huBband and Mrs. Jones, a Here Is the fight by rounds: First Round Mrs. Vanderpool, advancing quickly, approached her adversary from behind. She cleverly feinted with her handbag and landed a swinging left with her umbrella. Mrs. Jones turned and assumed a defensive attitude with a box of shoes. Mrs. Vanderpool swung wildly with her purse and Mrs. Jones clinched, holding her opponent by the hair, hon ors even. Second Round Mrs. JoneB, by clever footwork, forced Mrs. Vanderpool to follow her a block, to Tenth and Locust streets. There was a rapid exchange and a mlxup, in which Mrs. Vanderpool bored In with the brim of her pretty merry widow hat, cutting Mrs. Jones across the forehead. First blood for Mrs. Vanderpool. Mrs. Jones came back with a poke In the ribs with her shoe box. Mrs. Vanderpool's round. Third Round Mrs. Vanderpool rushed Mrs. Jones Into an alley. Mrs Jones landed a pivot blow on Mrs. Vanderpools chin, drawing blood. Mrs. Vanderpool countered on Mrs. Jones's n 8 NORTH-'bo'un- d No. For Provo, PLOrovq, S3 Ab,. LeM' ill,(iUr' No. For Provo, Suii lntermudlito point 64 - Palatial Vraln r now MnolnVi I,) weon Salt f.aka and the Paolftc UTAH COUNTY L In dim wuAtiu. Rwt loonl train greatH.otCen. Bo 1. nit. Dlttrtot PmmiL . N. Pwtsrhxw, Depot TlckX-a- i ' St Louis. Ropbr-M- rts g - THC IDESAUDEVESli1 w Arrival sod departure of trains fro, No. 7 For Sort ngvlll. Provo.. Sa Uk.1 and nil points enst nod No. For Sprln vllle Prova.Sall Lii? H,,1 nd all polntn enst nml . No. S For bunks, Mammoth wat nod 8U. No. 8--For ty ii tit Eureka, Mammoth ani'su- - ,8 i ,i a vercity Connections made In Ogden ntUrslnnof Southern Pnolllo n nd OFFERS CHOICE n OittKaJ I OF FAST THROUGH AND THREE DISTINCT SCENIC H0CTIJ Pulmao Palane and ordinary Slsnin-- s Denver, Omaha, Kana City, St. " Chicago without chance. Free Reclining Chair Csm; Pernontllt . duwed Excursions; a perfect Dlnlni UrSw For rates, folder, etc.. Inquire of li. T. Matthiws, Ticket or write L A. BENTON, O. A. P. D., Salt Lake Qq, iia DR. N. C. SPALDING VETERINARY PHYSICIAN AND SVRGEON Office at Palace DrvJ Store, Both Phones. Prove, hi Makes regular call to 8panlth Fork Thursday.. Office at world Dru him ns HORSE INFIRMARr 1 At the old Oran Lewie comer, os road, Spanish Fork, Utah. X Spiiau. Bone Spavins and Pipes oi Fertile ntami or no pay. Crippled and Isom hortui1 All ajimals examine im epeeialty. charge. Look well to your horses' foetk. It from them come many diseases, liw 1) kt live" is my motto. J. A BtOIk Spiq-vill- e X X 1 Whats the matter!) 5 with IDAHO sores of lud hsw beeu reclaimed to cultivation s irrigation in that State dorg I the past 10 years. Thonuw 1 more will bo reclaimed wuii M the next 10 years. This bum II an opening for many thonsaadt 1 1 of homes. Thousands of Have You Investigated IDAHO! It has been truthfully termed s Land of Opportunities A Land of Homes She Countered on Mrs. Jones Hat The Oregon Short Line ter regarding Idahos The Wright Brothers have conducted their experiments with great secrecy. The above Illustrations give, however, an excellent Idea of their aeroplane. They are from photographs taken from a distance for McClure's Magazine. The upper picture shows the glider In motion. The lower picture shows the method of starting. . Thus, the real question of the flying machine Is how to keep It from turning over. Air In Constant Turmoil. "The chief trouble," the brothers explained, "is the turmoil of the air. The common Impression Is that the atmosphere runs in comparatively regular currents which we call winds. No one who has not been throw'n about on a gliding aeroplane rising or falling ten, 20 or even SO feet In a few secouds can understand how utterly wrong this Idea Is. The air along the surface of the earth, as a matter of fact. Is continually churning. It Is thrown upward from every irregularity, like sea breakers on a coast line; every hill and tree and building sends up a wave or slanting current. And It moves not directly back and forth upon Its coast line, dike the sea, but In whirling rotary masses. Some of these rtse up hundreds of yards. In a fairly strong wind the air near the earth Is more disturbed than the whirlpools of Niagara. "The problem of mechanical flight Is how to balance In this moving fluid which supports the flying machine; or, technically speaking, how to make the center of gravity coincide with the The wind often center of veers several times a second, quicker than thought, and the center of pressure changes with It. It Is as difficult to follow this center of pressure as-tkeep your flngep on the flicker-.tnblot of light from a prism swt Aging In the sun, "It has been the common aim of experimenters with the aeroplane to o g . gan experimenting along the same line. He had essayed only a few flights when one of his wings broke and he sustained Injuries which caused his death a few days later. On this side of the Atlantic, Prof. S. P. Langley conducted some notable experiments, fashioning In 1896 a small, steam-driveaeroplane which s made a flight of of a mile. In the same year Chanute of Chicago constructed a gliding machine which attracted some attention. Four years later the Wright brothers, two young bicycle makers of Dayton, began experimenting. It was not long before their efforts began to attract attention. Itut they sedulously avoided notoriety, kept tbelr own counsel, and devoted them selves to the task of solving the problem of mechanical flight Mr. Turner, however, gained their confidence, and thus describes them: "Two lean, quiet men In a dingy, commonplace little brick bicycle shop; pleasant, unbut assuming, most approachable, shy and silent under the oppression of the greatest secret of the time. Orville, of the more social and conversational temperament, did the greater share of tho talking an amiable, kindly-faced mun of 33. Wilbur prematurely bald, about 4b, with the watchful eyes, marked facial lines, and dry, brief speech of a naturally reticent man." Their New Method. To quote his account of what the brothers told him just prior to their going abroad last year for the demonstration of their machines before foreign war departments; three-quarter- up to 100 miles. "Our expert have shown," they said, "that designed to carry an aggregate pounds at 20 miles an hour would require only eight horsepower, and at 30 miles an hour 12 horsepower. At 60 miles 24 horsepower would be needed, and at ,120 miles 60 or 75 horsepower. It Is clear that there is a certain point of speed beyond which the air resistance makes it Impossible to go. Just what that Is experiment will determine. Every year gas engines are being made lighter a fact which will increase the surplus carrying power of the machine available for fuel and operator and heavier construction, but at present 60 miles an hour can be counted on for the flying machine. This, of course, means speed through the air. forced ments a flier of 745 The aeroplane running miles an hour will have surplus lifting power enough to carry fuel for long Journeys. Our 1907 machine will crry gasoline enough to fly 500 miles at a rate of some 60 mlleB an hour. We can, and possibly soon will, make a one-mamachine carrying gasoline enough to go 1,000 miles at 40 miles an hour. Moreover, any machine made to move at speeds up to 60 miles an hour can be operated economically at a cost of not much over one cent a mile for gasoline. 'There is no question that a man can make a lighter and more efficient wing than a bird's. A cloth surface, for Instance, can be produced offering less surface friction than feathers. The reason for this fact Is that a bird's wing Is really a compromise. It is not made for flying only It must be folded up and got out of the way when the bird Is on Its feet, and efficiency In flying must be sacrificed to permit this. The wings of aeroplanes will vary In size according to speed. A slow mnchlne will require lire n , 60 boat They predict that Its chief value will be in war time, when it may be employed for dropping explosives upon an enemy or for recon noltering purposes. In this connection may be added the fact that the navy department has planned an extensive series of experiments with dirigibles, the purpose being to discover their availability for war usage. Those who advocate the employment of these machines point out the fact that flying machines sailing over a fleet are immune from any attack save that of small arm Are, and that they could attain a height so great as to be out of range from these smaller weapons. There is no type' of larger now gun carried on shipboard that is capable of such extreme elevation. Of course it would be easily possible to construct a gun mount that would permit of high angle, or even vertical firjf but the question is asked how v,uld you be able to hit one of these small targets sailing so high In air? When firing at a floating target error of sighting can be detected any the splash of the shell. But how isbya to tell where his shells are going when he is firing upward Into the air? gun-point- No Danger. "Whatever you do, dear," wrote the ardent lover, "don't show my letters t0 to you anyone." Railroad be pleased to send descriptive1' Wr.s resources. hat, making the feather fly. Honors to 1). E. Burley, G P. A. or D. 8. Spes City. Tuh even. ccr. A. G. P. A Salt Fourth Round Mrs. Jones, though breathing heavily, came up smiling. She rushed the fighting and forced Mrs. Vanderpool Into a corner. Another hot exchange ended in a In the breakaway Mrs. Vanderpool Co-Operativo struck Mrs. Jones in the sidecomb, knocking out three teeth. Then the gong sounded and the fighters were requested by the management to step into the wagon and take a ride to headquarters, where the decision would be announced. Dealers In As no agreement could be reached as to a division of the purse, the official In charge declared the fight a draw. Both combatants were placed In the holdover on s of disturbing the peace. "That woman was with my hus and band, said Mrs. Vanderpool. "I her caught and Im glad of it." Uaaufaoturers of ' I don't deny that I was with Mr Vanderpool. said Mrs. Jones, "but i Just happened to meet him on the street while I was out shopping." and flsht was on the man who as with Mrs. Jones JOHN JONES, SujiL hour later Vanderpool disappeared. An arrived at Fork Spanish accompanied by a bondsman. Want t0 bal1 them both out" ho said Closely following Vanderpool came Jones0"08 hU8band of Mr8- - Evelyn Spanish Fork hair-clinc- Institution General cross-charge- 0 Merchandise Flour, Grain Produce Harness, Boots 0 Shoes. head-quarte- Its an outrage," he said. "Whv from home only half an hour. I have the fldence in her. I will greatest com stand by her "Hate no fear, dearest," came the and see that Justice Is done" I m Just as much reply, "I knew ashamed of you would." Mrs them as you are," Jones. "Of course, I knowsaid Van' Mr And, with that, the engagement derpool. We used to be a matter of history, neighbors -VJudge, anderpoo, U so Jealous She had an idea that a woman wearln s These New Coiffures. brown skirt was f trying to "What a queer ornament Miss Snuf-lie- s b.,. wears in her hair!" a brown skirt J , said Mrs wearing 8.ht she attacked me. Trnlywed "Can you see what it Is?" aI1 a if, horrhle Yes that s not an ornament. Its mistake. the price tag," answered Miss Itello an r Jont8 husband went home together. Mr v,. Tlnkly. Cleveland Leader. i e,'P001 110,1 her husband not. ?y The Best Bargain in raiding inattsr that y money can buy Is your local P th per. It keeps you posted M doings of tho community. e r, to-X- This Paper will tell you the thlngi yon to know in an entertsinin( waft will give you all the news of t community; its every visit " prove a pleasure; it give than full value lot the P asked for it . |