Show COL ROOSEVELT HEARD IN BERLIN ExPresident Lectures on The World Movement UNIVERSITY AULA THRONGED Modern Civilization li Compared With That of Former AgesSpeaker Is i Hopeful for the Future of Mankind IJerlln Ileforo an audience of learned men and officials of high mark Theodora Roosevelt lectured Thursday In the University of Berlin Every seat In tho aula wq occupied nnd many hundreds of requests for admission had to be denied The distinguished dis-tinguished American wan Introduced to lilH hearers by the rector of the university Ills subject was The World Movement nnd he spoke In English Instead of In German as heat he-at ono tlmn Intended Beginning with an eloquent eulogy of tho German race and Its achievements achieve-ments tho lecturer soon reached the main themo of his discourse and reviewed re-viewed the civilization and culture so far as wo know thorn of the earliest peoples and their contributions to tho modern world He then continued Modern Movement Begins At Inat n Utile over 400 yenrn Ego tho movement towards a work rlvlll EHtlon took up Its Interrupted march Tlio hiKlnnlnK of thn modern movement may roughly he taken as nynchronl7ini with the discovery of printing and with that cries ot bold nea ventures which culminated culmi-nated In the discovery of Amerlon nnd nfter these two epochal featu hal begun to produce their full effect In material anti Intellectual life It became Inevltahli that civilization nhnuld thereafter differ not only In degree but even In kind from nil that hail gone before Immediately tIer the voyage of Columbus and Vuaco da Onma them began 1 tremendous re t lloloun ferment the awakening of Intellect Intel-lect went hand In hand with the moral UprldltiR the great names of Copernicus Ilruno Kepler nnd Galileo show that the mind of man wan breaking the fetters that had cramped It nnd for tho first time experimentation was tise1 as a check upon observation anil thcorlzatlon Since then century by century the changes have Increased In rapidity anti complexity complex-ity and have attained their maximum In both respects during the century Just past Instead of being directed hy one or two dominant peoples as was the case with all similar movements of thn past the new movement was shared by many different dif-ferent nations From every standpoint It has been of Infinitely greater moment than anything hitherto seen Not In one but In many different peoples there has been extraordinary growth In wealth In population In power of organization nnd In mastery over mechanical activity and natural resources All of this has been nrrompanled anti signalized by an Immense Im-mense outburst of energy and restless Initiative The result Is varied as It Is l striking Conquest of the World In tho first place representatives of this civilization by their conquest of spnre > wen enabled to spread Into nil the prac llcally vacant continents while nt the name time by their triumphs In organization organiza-tion and mechanical Invention they acquired ac-quired an unhoardof military superiority Hi compared with their former rivals To these two fnctn Is primarily due the further fact that for the first time there Is really something that approaches n world civilization a world movement The tprcnd of the Ruropean peoples since the a flays of Ferdinand the Catholic and Ivan t the Tenlble has been across every sea and over every continent In pluies the conquests have been ethnic that Is there tins been a new wandering of thin peoples anti new commonwealths have sprung up In which the pooplti are entirely or maIn Iv of Kuropenn blood This Is who Imp pined In the temperate anti subtroplclII regions of the Weitrrn IIcmlRphere In I Australia In portions of northern Asia and southern Africa In other places tlui ronquest has been purely political the ICuropeans I representing for the most pan a merely a small caste of soldiers nnd nil rntnlstrntots as In most of tropical Asia a apd Africa nnd In much of tropical America Amer-ica Finally here anti thero Instances oc err vvhern there has been no conquest at ill but where au nllen people Is profoundly profound-ly anti radically I changed by the mere Impact Im-pact of western civilization Tlieio aro of cours many grades he tvuiii these different types nf Influence but the net outcome of what has occurred luring the last four centuries Is that civilization civi-lization of the Kuropean type now eVr rises a moro or less profound effect over practically tho entire world There art nooUs anti corners to which It tins not yet penetrated but there Is nt present no large space of territory In which the general gen-eral movement of civilized activity does not make Itself moro or less felt Thls represents something wholly different from what 1ms ever hitherto been jieen In the greatest days of Roman dominion the Influence of Horn wns felt over only a relatively small portion of the worlds nirfare Over much the larger part of thn world the process of chan o and development develop-ment was absolutely unaffected by any thing that occurred In the Roman empire all iil those communities the play of whose Influence veos felt In action and reaction nil In Interaction among themselves L iven > grouped Immediacy I around the I Mediterranean Now however the whole a world Is I hound together ns never before the bonds are sometimes those of halted rather than love hut they are bonds nevertheless All the Nations Linked Frowning or hopeful every man of lend l rrshlp In any hue of thought or effort must now look beyond the limits of his own country The student of sociology may live III llerlln or St Petersburg Rome or London or he may live In Melbourne Mel-bourne or 8n Francisco or Buenos Aires but In whatever city he lives he must pay heed to the studies of men who 1111 In each of the other cities When In America Amer-ica wo study labor problems and attempt to deal with subjects such ns life Insurance Insur-ance for wageworkers we turn to see what you do here In Germany and we IIlso turn to see what the faroff commonwealth com-monwealth of New Xcalam 1 Is I doing When n great German scientist Is warring against the most dreaded enemies of mankind man-kind creatures of Infinitesimal size which the microscope reveals In his blood he may spend his holidays of study In central cen-tral Africa or In eastern Asia and lie must know what Is accomplished In tho laboratories of Tokyo just as he must know the details of that practical application applica-tion of sclencn which has changed the Isthmus of Panama from a deathtrap Into what Is almost n health resort Kvery progressive In China Is striving to Intro chic western methods of education and I I kuniiration and hundreds of European I and American book are now trnn Utr < 1 Into Chinese The Influence of European governmental principles Ii I strikingly Illustrated Il-lustrated by the fact that admiration for them has broken down the Iron barriers of Moslem conservatism BO that their Introduction Intro-duction has become a burning question In Turkey nnd Persia while the very unrest the Impatience of European or American control In India Egypt or the Philippines Philip-pines takes the form of demanding that the government be assimilated more closely close-ly to what It h In England or the United States The deeds anti works of any great statesman the preachings of any great ethical social or political teacher now find echoes In both hemispheres and In every continent From a new discovery In science to a new method of combating or applying Socialism there Is no movement of note which cnn take place In any part of the globe without powerfully affecting musses of people In Europe America anti Australia In Asia and Africa For weal or for woe the peoples of mankind are knit together far closer than ever before So much for the geographical side of the expansion of modern civilization Hut only a few of the many apd Intense activities ac-tivities of modern civilization have found their expression on this side The movement move-ment has been just as striking In Its conquest con-quest over natural forces In Its searching Inquiry Into and about the soul of things Conquest Over Nature The conquest over nature has Included an extraordinary Increase In every form of knowledge of the world we live In nml also an extraordinary Increase In tIme power pow-er of utilizing forces of nature In both directions the advance has been very great during the past four or five centuries cen-turies anti In both directions It has cone on with ever Increasing rapidity during the last century After the great age of Rome had passed the boundaries of knowledge shrank nnd In many cases It was not until wellnigh our own times that her domain was once again pushed beyond the ancient landmarks About the year ISO A D Ptolemy the geographer published his map of central Africa and the sources of the Nile anti this map was more accurate than any which we had a R late ns 18M A D More was known of physical science and more of the truth about the physical world was guessed at In the days of Pliny than was known or guessed until tho modern movement began be-gan The case was the same as regards military science At the close of the Middle Mid-dle Ages the weapons were what they had always been sword shield bow spEar anti any Improvement In them wall more than offset by the loss In knowledge of military organization In the science of war and In military leadership since the days of Hannibal and Caesar A hundred years ago when this university uni-versity was founded the method of transportation did not differ In he essentials es-sentials from what they had been limon the highly civilized nations of antiquity Travelers antI merchandise went by land In wheeled vehicles or on blasts of burden bur-den and by sea In boats propelled by sails or by oars and news was convoyed as It always had been conveyed A grad unto of your university today can go to midAsia or midAfrica with far less consciousness con-sciousness of performing a feat of note than would have been the case n hundred years ago with a student who visited Sicily and Andalusia Moreover the Invention and use of machinery ma-chinery run by steam or electricity have worked a revolution In Industry as great ItS the revolution In transportation so that hero again the difference between nnclent and modern civilization Is one not merely of degree but of kind In many vital respects the huge modern city differs more from all preceding cities thnn any of these differed one from the other nnd tho glnnt factory town Is of and by Itself ono of the most formidable problems of modern life RIm and electricity hnve given the race dominion over Innd and water such ns It never had before nnd now the conquest con-quest of the aIr Is I directly Impending As hooks preserve thought through time so the telegraph and the telephone transmit It through the space they annihilate nnd therefore minds are swayed one by another an-other without regard to the limitations of space and time which formerly forced each community to work In comparative Isolation It Is the same with the body as with the brain The machinery of the factory fac-tory and the farm non > iouslv multiplies bodily I skill nnd vigor Countless trained Intelligences are nt work to teach us how to avoid or counteract the effects of wnste In the Realm of Intellect The advances In the realm of pure Intellect Intel-lect havn been of equal note anti they have been both Intensive nnd extensive Trent virgin fields of learning anti wisdom wis-dom hnve been discovered by the few anti at the same time knowledge has sprend nmong the many to n degree never dreamed of before Old men among us have seen In their own generation the rise of the first rational science of the evolution of life The astronomer and the chemist the psychologist and the hits torlnn nnd all their brethren In many different dif-ferent fields of wide endenvor work with H training and knowledge anti method which are In effect Instruments of pup clslfii dlfferentlntlng their labors from the labors of their predecessors ns tho rifle Is differentiated from the bow The play of new forces Is as evident l In tIm moral and spiritual I world as In the world of tho mind and the body One Danger of Civilization One of tho prime I dangers of civilization hns alwnys been Its tendency to cause the loss of the vlille fighting virtues of the fighting edge When men hut too com fort uihle a nil lend 1 too luxurious lives there Is I always ilnnger lest tht softness eat like an acid Into their manliness of fiber Tho lnrbarlan because of the very conditions of his life Is forced to keep and develop certain hardy qualities which the man of civilization tends to lose whether he be clerk fnctory hand merchant tir even n certain type of farmer Now I will not insert that In modern civilized society these tendencies hnve been wholly overcome over-come but there has been a much more successful effort to overcome them thnn WIN the ease In the early civilizations This Is curiously shown by the military history nf the Ornecollomnn period as compared with the history of the last four or five centuries here In Europe anti nmong nations of European descent In the fireclnn nnd tinman military history the change was steadily from n citizen army to nn army of mercenaries In the days of the early greatness of Athens Thebes and Sparta In the dnys when the Itoman republic conquered what world < 1 It knew the nrmles were filled with citizen soldiers Hut gradually the citizens re fused to serve III thin nrmles or became unable to render good seivlce The Jrcek states defcrlhed by Polyblus with but few exception hired others to do their light ing for them The Romans of the i 1 ivs of Augustus luau utterly ceased to I ilsh tiny rlwnll anti were rapidly ci it t 1 to furnish any Infantry to the legions tad cohort When the civilization enme to an end 1 there were no longer citizens In the ranks of the soldiers The change from the citizen nrmy to the army of mercenaries hnd been completed Modern Citizens Armies Now tho exact reverse has been the case with us In modern times A few centuries ago the mercenary soldier was the principal figure In most armies anti In great numbers of cases the mercenary soldier was an Allen In the wars of re ligion In France In the Thirty Years war In Germany In tho wars that Immediately Imme-diately marked the beginning of the breakup of the great Polish kingdom the regiments anti brigades of foreign sol llers formed a striking and leading feature fea-ture In every nrmy Too often the men of the country In which the fighting took place played merely the Ignoble part of victims the burghers and peasants appearing ap-pearing In but limited numbers In the WCTI tI wimei Inp armte mtrCOMr Graduall this has all chned plundered armY Is s every until now practicallY mercenary lana al and the cltlin army nj 11811 while the nrmY mort il app ared before In his ever sr01e than un a asler tbe military mono nmng Is so This tory ar hues of Europe ot the United war In uur own Civil thlnl occurred peaceful SIRles the same thaI time more than AI people RS we are pU911 since the hnd two generations Durin the whole of ruleprndenlr War hail ben Ill or that prllld limo people IItrullle anti gagimi In no IIrennrldalh RUt anti breSe the Civil war when pI nl nnd bitter lesSons cosll after some fighting spirit or the Ihe beginnIng the 10 betlr odnnlno shown 1lople dR before The Wfti was Irullnr than pr Ii wnr waged Iy l Ii war for It principle anti while faults Itlenl each pide for IIn and bY Ihortconlnss ero plentiful among compnrallII romhntnnls there was Ihl a In condUct motive or l ittle sortlidniss of 10lvn lite sorldns where acrti5 s the giant strujgie nrr such II slruJJII Ilnt Interests If I shot the many Intrl91s of to warp lrp trnndi dark s > oses wouf of so many purpose strand unmber and brllliam mnd bright nn Wi Intertwined InevltablV too are always corruption Intrrwlnel here there In the Civil was both Bide war but all the leaders on and the great majority of the enormous Irlal man of fighting men wholy lsre uninfluenced by wholly g rded and were unlnluenced pecuniary considerations Wealth and Politics Another striking contrast In the course civilization as compared with of modern 11 Iznllon or the later stages of the aractfoUomnn classic civilization Is to be found In the chlzallon relations of wealth and politics In clas lons advanced toward the civilization sic times na chllznllon ward its zenith politics became a recog 11 nized m < ani of accumulating great wealth Caisnr was again and again on the verse of bankruptcy he spent an him enormous fortune and he recouped enorlOUA self by the money which he made out of politicalmilitary career Augustus established his polltcolmllllnn 0 tablished Imperial Rome on firm founda lablRhl tons by the use he made of the huge fortune he had acquired by plunder What 1 contrast Is offered by the careers of Washington and Llnroln There were a few exceptions In ancient dayr but the Immense majority of the Greeks and the Romans as their civilizations culminated accepted moneymaking on a large scale as one of the Incidents of a successful public career Now all of this Is In sharp contrast to what has happened within the last two or three centime During this time there hns been ft steady growth tme away from the theory that moneymaking Is permissible In an honorable public career ca-reer In this respect the standard has been constantly elevated and things which statesman hnd no hesitation In doing three centuries or two centuries ago and I which did not seriously hurt a public career ca-reer even a century ago are now utterly Impossible Wealthy men still exercise f large and sometimes an Improper Influence Influ-ence In politics but It Is apt to be an indirect In-direct Influence and In the advanced states the mere suspicion that the wealth of public men Is obtained or added to as an Incident of their public careers will bar them from public life Speaking generally wealth may very greatly Influence Influ-ence modern political life but It la not acquired ac-quired In political life Optimistic for the Future Mr Roosevelt called attention to the fact that hitherto every civilization civiliza-tion that has arisen has been able t develop only a few activities Its field of endeavor being limited In kind as well as In locality and each of these civilizations has fallen What Is the lesson to us of today he asked Will the crash come and be all the more terrible because of the Immense increase In-crease In activities and area To this ho replied Personally I do not believe that our civilization will fall I think that on the whole we have grown better anti not < worse I think that on tho whole the future fu-ture holds more for us than even the great past has held nut assuredly I the dreams of golden glory In the future will not come true unless high of heart and strong of hand by our own mighty deeds WI make them come true We cannot nf ford to develop any one set of qualities any one set of activities at the 6ost of seeing others equally necessary atrophied atro-phied Neither the military efficiency of the Mongol the extraordinary business ability of the Phoenician nor the subtle nnd polished Intellect of the Greek nvnlleil to avert destruction We the men of today and of tho future fu-ture need many finalities If wo are to do our work well Wo need first of all anti most Important of all the qualities which stand at the base of Individual o family life the fundamental and essential quail unl ties the homely everyday allImportant virtues I the average man will not work If I he has not In him the will and the power to be a good husband and father fa-ther If the average woman Is not a good < housewife a good mother of many healthy children then the state will topple top-ple will go down no matter whnt may bo Its brilliance of artistic development or material achievement hut these homn ly I qualities are not enough There must In addition bp that power of organization that power of working In common for n common end which the German people have shown In such signal fashion during the lust hnlfcentury Moreover the things of the spirit are even more Impor ant titan the things of the body We can well do without the hard Intolerance anti arid Intellectual barrenness blrrlnness of what was I worst In the theological systems of the past but there hns never been a greater need of a high anti Inn religious spirit spiri titan at the time present So while 1mI wi can laugh goodhumoredly nt some or the pretensions of modern philosophy In Its various branches It would be worse than folly on our part to Ignore our need of Intellectual leadership Must Steer Middle Course Never has philanthropy humanitarian Ism seen such development ns now and though we must nil beware of the foll > I rol and the viciousness no worse loin folly rol which marks the believer In the perfec tibility of I man when his heart runs awav la with his head or when vanity usurps th place of conscience yet we must reinetn her also that It Is I only by working rpnHm along the lines laid down by the philanthropists nlnnl by the lovcrx of mankind that we can be sure of lifting our clvlllzitlon Irn chlzaton to 1 higher and more permanent plane of well being than was ever attained by any wl ceding civilization tnjust war Is to be abhorred but woe to the nation lint does not mnke ready to hold Its own In time of need against nil who would lurni tme It nnd woe thrice over to the thrll 111 nil > i In I which the average man loses tIe r1 I i i inK edge loses the power to serve us a 01 11 I I diem If the day of need should ams i It Is no Impossible dream aI I to o build up a civilization In which morality ethical whlh morllll de velcpnient and a true feeling of brother 1 hood shall alike be divorced from falsn sentimentality antI tule sentimenlally from the rancorous and evil passions which curiously rneorous enough BO often accompany professions of senti mental attachment to the rights o man In which a high material development In the things of the body shall be without subordination of the achieved SUborlnallon things he soul In which there shall be n gn of inc desire for peace and Justice without loss of those virile qunlltles Justce lhoUI o Irle unllls without which no love of peace or Justice shall mace In which the fullest development of scientific research the great dlstlngu lag feature grrll dlslngulsh of our present Olr civilization shall yet not Imply a belief clvllzlllon t can ever take the place of charactertor from the standpoint of the nation the n1vllui11 II Is character as of il Unit tbe one vital lal possession I I |