Show = A SANITARY WATER SUPPLY FOR FARM D M Dolton M D II I Use Car In Locating Uo WellBy I The Importance of a sanitary water supply both for drinking and for pur loses of cleanliness has long been cognized and the Impiovcment In lilt health of communities which has followed the Introduction of abundant supplies of pure water bears testimony he the Importance of every precaution In Ihls direction While the value of i sanitary water supply for cities and owns has thus been demonstrated too little consideration has been given to tho water suppllps for farms Con utnlnatcrt water used In connection with farm products may affect not only the farmer hlmvctf and his 1m mediate family hut all of those who use his products All tlu products oC the farm which are washed before sending to market and all vessels and contaluers for food may be made dangerous dan-gerous to health by being washed In polluted water There Is perhaps no one source of dangerxso great as that arising fium the use of polluted water for washing and rinsing the vessels used for milk It should bo borne In mind that bacteria bac-teria of various sorts flourish In milk and that bacteria are the cause of many diseases Milk Is one of the best r N 1 flu I tyil i R a r 1 e A Well with Good Natural Location But with Slovenly Surroundings Not Properly Guarded Against Pol lutlon media for the growth of bacteria and one drop of polluted water contains enough bacteria for the contamination of almost any amount of milk The three factors necessary for a sanitary water supply are purity abundance and wnvenlence The most Important of these factors and that which has received most consideration as a rule Is purity People naturally prefer clean pure water and they are Ronerallj educated up to the dangers I arising from polluted water as a possl i We source of Infection Hygienic examinations ex-aminations of water supplies often bt gin and end with a determination of bacteriological or chemical contamlna tlon to tho neglect of questions regard ing proper location abundance and conveniencefactors which cannot be safely ignored To guard against the pollution of wells the location Is of Importance Where It Is possible the ground should slope away naturally on nil sides and the pump should be ou top of II molm1 which should be well sodded or ce mented all around Sources of domes tit or other pollution should bo sonu rated from the well by an Impervious layer below ground to avoid the danger of pollution from seepage The ground Immediately around tho well should bo protected from animals by n fence or otherwise Tho shaft of the well should bo thoroughly tight and for this reason the use of terra cottti ills or metal pipe for the shaft is pteferable to walling up I with bricks and mortar Ill any event tho space Immediately 1 mound tho shaft proper n should bo paddled with clay or cement ce-ment or ns advised by Koch have tho upper part packed with sand The use of open wells or even the uso of chain pumps Is not to bo recommended recom-mended since they are decidedly unsanitary un-sanitary Every precaution should be taken to prevent the contents of a cesspool from soaking Mo the soil for even If I the cesspool Is at a dislvce from tho r OrdinaylYell t 1Fr teteanlcll Asa 1 ralpres l fr iinr + e b mid Geological Formation Showing Manner In Which Water Is Secured from Wells of Varying Depths well the ground between may eventually eventu-ally become saturated and fall to act as a filter As already stated the presence of an impervious stratum between be-tween the wall and the cesspool Is a good protection but where such a stratum does not exist the cesspool should be made watertight The crude methods of sewage disposal still quite commonly In vogue in tho country area are-a continual menace to the water supply sup-ply One of our Illustrations shows a well which Is imperfectly guarded against pollution and with very slovenly slo-venly surroundings The situation of tho well In this case Is good It stands at a considerably higher level than tho barnyard which Is below and at the left and Is separated from the well by a ledge of rock while the domestic do-mestic sources of pollution lie to the right and are several hundred feel away The well Is only about seven feet deep but It IS I bored Into the solid rock and In spite of Its want ol I depth there would appear nQ good reason why It should not be made to fulfill the requirements of a sanitary supply yet when It was inspected 11 was found to have a loose coping and there was no provision Against pollution pollu-tion due to stray animals One of our Illustrations shows a well bored Into solid rock and although It I Is only 16 feet deep it would appear to be well protected from any source of contamination Besides the protection protec-tion afforded by the natural rock the curb and cover are tight and moreover more-over the cover has a slant so as to shed water Where there Is no spring and where for any reason it Is not feasible to sink a well It becomes necessary to resort to cisterns and If these are properly constructed and operated they may be made to fulfill all sanitary sani-tary requirements Tho walls should be watertight of course both to prevent I pre-vent water leaking out and to guard I ti J I I Ij Y y1 tl Ili p I I l NrE III I y I IyII t t l t i I I I + titf pr I i t 1 r I 1 itl I 1 19 11 v i I I i A Well with Surroundings Protecting It from Pollution I against pollution from without Tho I lust cisterns mo those constructed I with two chambers separated by a por i oils brick ianlllo through which the water Is filtered The water from the roof Is mado to run Into one chamber and Is pumped I out of the other after passing till oUlh tho partition The mill Alpo front the roof IIhould I ho l Pro vlded H with an annngomont for pro venting the fllst orator which flllls III I lime of aln front running Into the cIs tern wnnJi IIlneo the first water after dry weather mny become polluted with dust or bird droppings on tho roof Tho roof from which the water is Wafer ± U hI preferably of slate from tainted WOOIIOII shingles Is often |