Show iPRESIUENTS Iatel7 2 JNNUAL MESSAGE 4 LAWMAKERS train Recommends Legislation on p New and Important a the hla Subjects ynar I I 1 t note IbbI INCOME I INHERITANCE TAX a he an He Believes Such Laws Would Curb re Growth Fortunes to Dangerous led king gerous Proportions his Hit Views on Negro Question Asks tOI for Currency Reform and Shipping he Bill Would Make Citizens of Japs Ing Many Other Important Subjects 410 Discussed hf Washington Dec President Iloose rilts message to tho second session of hi Fiftyninth congress deals with a cumber of new and Important subjects thief of which Is the government prose Utlon of the trusts tho abuse of Injunc tons In libor l troubles the negro question ques-tion the preaching of class hatred ktween capital and labor additional legislation legis-lation for tho control of largo corpora Hone a federal Inheritance and Income ttz law and currency reform The message opens with a statement if t what the last congress left unfinished ud of this he says I again recommend a law prohibiting ill corporations from contributing to tho umnalgn expenses of any party Such I bill has already past one house of con tress Let Individuals contribute us they Iislre but let us prohibit In effective ceetvo taihlon all corporations from making tontrlbutlons for any political purpose Erectly or Indirectly Another bill which has Just past one iouso of tho congress and which Is urgently ur-gently necessary should anl enacted Into 11w Is that conferring upon tho govern cent the right of appeal In criminal uses on questions of law This right iilsts In many of the states It exists In Ie District of Columbia by act of the te congress I Is of course not proposed I that In any case a verdict for tho defendant 1 de-fendant on the merits should be set aide Recently In one district where I tie government had Indicted certain per lons for conspiracy In connection with rebates the court sustained the defend ints demurrer while In another Juris llctlon an Indictment for conspiracy to tbtaln rebates has been sustained by ut the court convictions obtained under I ia tad two defendants sentenced to Imprisonment ilb Impris-onment The two cases referred to mayer tot be In real conflict with each other er but It Is unfortunate that there should re ven be an apparent conflict At pres ful f int there Is no way by which the gov tnmant can cause such a conlllct when Dg It occurs to be solved by an appeal toot ot i higher court and tho wheels of Justice Ire blocked without any real decision of be the question I can not too strongly 14 urge tho passage of the bill In question I A failure to pass will result In seriously hampering tho government In Its effort to obtain Justice especially against 1e ealthy Individuals or corporations who 11 do wrong and may also prevent the overnment from obtaining Justice for er wagoworkers who are not themselves d ibla effectively to contest a case whore the Judgment of an Inferior court has 4 I been against them I have specifically n1 In view a recent decision by a district V Judge leaving railway employees without with-out remedy for violation of a certain so se called labor statute It seems an absurdity au absurd-ity to permit a single district Judge against what may bo the Judgment of ot the Immense majority of his colleagues on the bench to declare a law solemnly 11 enacted by the congress to be unconstitutional uncon-stitutional and then to deny to the government the right to have the supreme r su-preme court definitely decide the question I ques-tion 1 14 Evasion by Technicalities ° In connection with this matter I would Ig like to call attention to the very unsatisfactory m unsat-isfactory state of our criminal law resulting re-sulting In large part from the habt of I setting aside the Judgments of Inferior courts on technicalities absolutely unconnected un-connected with tho merits of tho case and where there Is no attempt to show that there has been failure of e any faiure substantial sub-stantial Justice I would be well to enact d en-act a law providing something to the effect that I No judgment shall bo set aside or new r trial granted In any cause civil or crim It inal on the ground of misdirection of the Jury or the Improper admission or re I jection of evidence or for error as to any matter of pleading or procedure unless I y In the opinion of tho court to which tho application Is made after an examination examina-tion of the entire cause It shall nlllrma tlvely appear that tho error complained 01 has resulted In a miscarriage of Justice Injunctions d On the subject of the abolition of In I junctions In labor disputes ho says In my last message I suggested the enactment K actment of a law In connection with the l Issuance of Injunctions attention having f hav-ing been sharply drawn to the matter I by the demand that the right of apply ing Injunctions In labor cases should beD be-D wholly abolished It Is at least doubtful II whether a law abolishing altogether the use of Injunctions In such cases would D stand the test of the courts In which d case of course the legislation would be Ineffective Moreover I believe It would t be wrong altogether to prohibit the use I of Injunctions It Is criminal to permit ympathy with criminals to weaken our g hands In upholding the law and If men r seek to destroy life or property by mob violence there should be no Impairment p of the power of the courts to deal with them In the most summary and effective way possible hut so far as possible the I H ibuse of the power should be provided against by some such law as I advocated alocated B last year In this matter of Injunctions there Is 3 lodged In the hands of the judiciary a necessary power which Is nevertheless i subject to the possibility of grave abuse > It Is i a power that should be exercised with extreme care and should be sub J ject to the Jealous scrutiny of all men led condemnation should bo meted out w much t the Judge who falls to use I It boldly when necessary as to the Judge t who uses It wantonly or oppressively Of course a Judge strong enough to be I tt for his office will enjoin any resort I t violence or Intimidation especially by ConspIracy no matter what his opinion 1 may be of the rights of the original nuar I illn There must bo no hesitation In dealing with disorder But there must I Uewlsa be no such abuse of the In fnctlve power as Is Implied In forbidding I aboring men to strive for their own bet rment In peaceful and lawful ways t for must the Injunction be used merely to aid some big corporation In < corporaton carrying Oct schemes for Its own aggrandizement It must bo rememberel nggrandlzement Jnr Injunction In labor prelm Jfanted without adequate proof oven I hen authority can be found to support the J conclusions of law on which It Is hOUnded may often settle the dispute Kreen the Parties and therefore If improperly granted may do Irreparable Wrong Yet there ranI are many judges who 1 tunme a matteroffact course granting grantng o I a Preliminary Injunction to bo the It rrdlnary ana Proper judicial disposition such cases and there have ii icasea undoubt Idly heel flagrant wrongs committed k i tasrant commited I jUdges In connection with labor dls Pates even within the last few years lithe 1 tlllnk much less often than In tmer year > Such judges by their un fJ0 action Immensely strengthen the Imd of those who are ptrlvhif entirely I to do away with the power of Injunction and therefore such tnJuncton careless use of the injunctive process t < mls to threaten Its very existence > for If the American peo ple ever become convinced that this process Is habitually abused whether in mater fMtlnp labor or In matters af lnni corporations It will he wellnigh impossible to prevent Us abolition The Negro Problem The negro problem I given consldera bio attention after cnlllK attention er cal1n the utenton fact that no section of the country Is free from secton that cOln I fluls no section has occasion to jeer nt the shortcomings of any other section he turns to the sub secton tUrs Ilb jeet of lynehuiig and nlfod 1nchI1Js especially as ap piled tho to the negro of esprclll lie says greatest eXistng cause for mob law Is i the Wl lritlOh by the blacks of tho trlmo o rape a crime which he terms even worse than murder Ho quotes the admonitions to the white people spoken by Oov whie Candler of Georgia some years agog and by Goy Jclka of Alabama re cently I and then says 1 Kv ery colied man should realize that the worst enemy of hIs race Is the negro criminal and above all the no Rrp criminal who commits tho dread ful crime of rape and ft Ml oil Id bo felt nI In the highest degree nn offense against the whole country and attains liu colored race In particular ulallst colored man to fall to help the pincers of time law In hunting down with oil hOiisiiiio earnestwsl and zeal every such Infamous anl AICh Infnmols offender Moreover In my Judgment the crime of rape should always bo punished with death as Is tH case with murder assault with In assaul wih tent tl commit rape should be made a capital crime at least In the discretion of the court and provision should bo iniulo by which the punlnhment may follow Immediately upon the heels of the offense while the trial should be so conducted that the victim need not bo wantonly shamed while giving tes titimommy and that the least possible publicity shall be given to the details The members of the white race on tho other hand should understand that every lynching represents by Just so much a loosening of the bands of clv Ilzatlon that the spirit of < lynching Inevitably throws Into prominence In the community nil the foul and evil creatures who dwell therein No man can take part In the torture of a human hu-man being without having his own moral nature permanently lowered Lvery lynching means Just so much moral deterioration In all tin children who have any knowledge of It and therefore just so much additional trouble for the next generation of generaton Americans Let justice be both sure and swift but let It be justice under the law and not the wild and crooked savagery anl el of a mob Need for Negro Education There Is anothor matter which has a direct bearing upon this mater of lynching and of the brutal crime which sometimes calls It forth and at other times merely furnishes the excuse for Its existence I Is out of the question for our people as a whole permanently permlnent to rise by treading down any of their own number Een those who themselves them-selves for the moment profit by such maltreatment of their fellows will In the long run also Buffer No more shortsighted policy can be Imagined than In the fancied Interest of one class to prevent the education of another an-other class rime free public school tho chance for each boy or KIll to get a good elementary education lies at the foundation of our whole political situation situ-ation In every community tho poorest poor-est citizens those who need the schools most would be deprived of them If they only received school facilities proportionately to tho taxes they paid This Is as true of one portion of our country as of another I Is as true for the eRro as for the white man The whit man If he Is wise will decline de-cline to allow tho negroes In a mass to grow to manhood and womanhood without education Unquestionably education ed-ucation such as Is obtained In our public pub-lic schools does not do everything towards to-wards making a man a good citizen but It does much The lowest and most brutal criminals those for Instance who commit the crime of rape are In the great majority men who have had either no education or very lithe Just as they are almost Invariably men who own no property for the man who puts money by out of his earnings like the man who acquires education is usually lifted above mere brutal criminality Of course the best type of education for the colored man taken ta-ken as a whole Is such education as Is conferred In schools like Hampton and Tuskegee where the boys and girls the young men and young women wo-men are trained Industrially as well as In the ordinary public school branches The graduates of these cchools turn out well In the great majority ma-jority of cases and hardly any of them become criminals while what little criminality there Is never takes the form of that brutal violence which invites In-vites lynch law Every graduate of these schools and for the matter of that every oher colored man or woman wo-man who leads a life so useful and honorable as to win the good will and respect of those whites whose neighbor neigh-bor he or she Is thereby helps the whole colored race ns It can be helped In no other way for next to the negro nelro himself the man who can do most to help the negro Is his white neighbor who lives near him Iud our steady effort should be to better tho relations between the two Great tho tho benefit bene-fit of these schools has been to their colored pupils and to the colored people peo-ple It may well be questioned whether the benefit has not been at least as great to the white people among whom graduate these colored pupils live after they Capital and Labor On tho subject of capital and labor tho president takes the agitators of class hatred to task and says to preach hatred to the rich man us such to seel to mislead and Inflame to madness mad-ness honest men whose lives are hard and who have not the kind of mental training which will permit them to appreciate ap-preciate the danger In the doctrines preached Is to commit a crime against the body politic and to be false to every worthy principle and tradition of American Amer-ican national life Continuing on this subject he says The plain people who thinkthe mechanics farmers merchants workers work-ers with head or hand the men to whom American traditions are dear who love their country and try to act decently by their neighbors owe It to themselves to remember that the most damaging blow that can be given popular pop-ular government Is to elect an unworthy un-worthy and sinister agitator on a platform of violence noel hypocrisy Whenever such an Issue Is raised In this country nothing can bo gained by flinching from It for In such case dem Inchln I ocracy Is Itself on trial popular self government under republican forms Is Itself on trial Tho triumph of the mob Is just ns evil a thing ns the tri umph or tie plutocracy nna to nave escaped one danger avails nothing whatever If we sucuumb to the other In the end tho honest munwhether rich or poor who earns his own living and tries to deal justly by his fellows has as much to fear from the Insincere and unworthy demagog promising much and performing nothing or else performing nothing but evil who would set on the mob to plunder the rich as from the crafty corruptlonlst who for his own ells would permit tho common people to be exploited by tho very wealthy If we ever let this government fall Into the hands of men of either of thrsn two classes we shall show ourselves false to Americas past Moreover the demagog and corrup tlonlst often work hand In hand There are at this moment wealthy reactionaries reaction-aries of such obtuse morality that they regard tho public servant who prosecutes prose-cutes them when they violate the law or who seeks to make them hear their proper share of tho public burdens as being evon nore objectionable than tho violent agitator who hounds on the mob to plunder the rich There Is nothing to choose between such a reactionary re-actionary and such an agitator fundamentally funda-mentally they are alike In their selfish disregard of them rights of others and It Is natural that they should join In opposition to any movement of which the aim Is fearlessly to do exact and even Justice to all Railroad Employees Hours He asks for the passing of the bill limiting lim-iting the number of hours of employment of railroad employes and classes the measure as 1 very moderate one He says time iilm of all should be to steadily reduco the number of hourl of labor with a a goal the general In troducton of an eighthour day but In slats that on the Isthmus of Panama Mia n conditions are so different from what they are here that the Introduction et mi denthour day on the canal would be ahsar and continues Just about as absurd ab-surd as It Is so far ns the lothmus Is concerned where white labor cannot be employed to bother as to whether the work Is dour by alien black men or alien yellow men Investigation of Disputes lie urges the inactmrnt of a drastic child labor law for the District of Co lumbia and the territories and 1 federal pnvesllgatlon of the subject of child and female labor throughout the country He reviews the work of the commission appointed to Investigate labor conditions In the coal fields of Pennsylvania In IMC and refers to the wish of time commission that the state and federal governments I should provide the machinery for what I may be called the coriiist limitlgn iion of controversies between employers find employee when they arise After referring to the fact that 1 bill has already al-ready been Introduced to this cud he says saysMany of these strikes aliil lockouts would not liavo occu rcd had the pnrUCH occurel lrt to the dispute been required to appear before nn unprejudiced body representing tho nation and face to face state the renaons for their contention lit most contenton Instances limo dispute would doubtless be olld doubtes found to be due to a misunderstanding by each of tho others rights aggravated ugllvato1 by an unwillingness of cither party to accept ac-cept as true Ire statements of the other as to the justice 6V injustice of the mat tors in dispute Th exercise of 1 judicial Ju-dicial spirit by a disinterested body representing the federal government such us would be provided by a commission commis-sion on conciliation and arbitration would tend to create an atmosphere of friendliness and conciliation bet eon contending con-tending parties ali the giving each side an equal opportunity to present fully Its case In the presence of tho other would prevent many disputes from developing into serious strikes or lockouts and In other cases would enable the commission commis-sion to persuade the opposing parties to come to terms In this age of great corporate and labor la-bor combinations neither employers nor employees should be left completely at tho mercy of the stronger party to a dispute dis-pute regardless of the righteousness of their respective claims The proposed measure would be In the line of securing recognition of the fact that In many strikes tho public has Itself an Interest which cannot wisely te disregarded an Interest not merely of general convenience conven-ience for tho question of a just and proper public policy must also be considered con-sidered In all legislation of this kind It Is well to advance cautiously testing each step by tho actual results the step proposed can surely bo snfely taken for tho decisions of the commission would not bind the parties In legal fashion and yet would give a chance for public opinion opin-ion to exert Its full force for the right Control of Corporations A considerable portion of tho message Is devoted to the subject of federal control con-trol of corporations In what ho refers to tho passage at the last session of tho rate meat Inspection and food laws and says that all of these have already justi led their enactment but recommends tho amendment of tho meat Inspection law so as to put dates on the labels of meat prpducts and also to place tho cost of Inspection on tho packers rather than on the government Continuing on this subject of tho control of corporations hv HIM fnil > riil piivpriimint he says It cannot too often be repeated that experience ex-perience his conclusively shown the impossibility Im-possibility of securing by the actions of possibity nearly half a hundred different state legislatures anything but Ineffective chaos In the way of dealing with the great corporations which do not operate exclusively within tho limits ot any one state In some method whether by a national license law or In other fashion we must exercise and that at an early date a far more complete control than at present over these great corporations corpora-tions a control that will among other things prevent tho evils of excessive overcapitalization and that will compel oercapltalzaton tho disclosures by each big corporation of Its stockholders and of Its properties and business whether owned directly or thru subsidiary or affiliated corporations Tjils will tend to put a stop to tho securing secur-ing of inordinate profits by favored individuals at the expense whether of the general public the stockholders or tho wageworkers Our effort should be not so much to prevent consolidation as such but so to supervise and control it as to see that It results In no harm to the people The reactionary or ultracon reactonary servatlve apologists for the misuse of wealth assail the effort to secure such control as a step toward socialism As a matter of fact It Is these reactionaries and ultraconsurvatlves who are themselves them-selves most potent In Increasing socialistic socialis-tic feeling One of the most efficient methods of averting the consequences of avertng f rinnirernua aeRation which Is SO per cent wrong Is to remedy the 20 per cent t evil as to which tho agitation Is well founded The best way to avert tho very undesirable move for the governmental ownership of railways Is to secure by the government on behalf of the people as a whole such adequate control and regulation of the great Interstate common com-mon carriers as will do away with the evils which give rise to the agitation against them So the proper antidote to the dangerous and wicked agitation against tho men of wealth ns such Is to secure by proper legislation and executive execu-tive action the abolition of the grave abuses which actually do obtain In connection con-nection with the business use of wealth under our present system or rather no system of failure to exercise any adequate ade-quate control at all Some parsons speak ni IOsons as If the exercise of such governmental control would do away with the freedom of Individual Initiative and dwarf Individual Indi-vidual effort Initatve not a fact It would bo a veritable calamity to fall to woull individual Initiative put a premium upon Inltatvo Individual capacity nnd effort upon the energy character and foresight which It Is so Important to encourage In tho Individual Uut as a matter ot fact the deadening and degrading effect of pure socialism and especially of Its ext eme form communism and the destruction of Individual character which they would bring about are In part achieved by the wholly unregulated competition which results In a single Individual I corporation corpor-ation rising at the expense of all others until his or Its rise effectually checks nl competition and reduces former competitors tors to a position of utter Inferiority and subordination In enacting and enforcing such legislation legis-lation enactng congress already has to Its credit we are working on a coherent crell with tho steady endeavor to secure the needed reform by the Joint action of the moderate men the plain men who do not wish anything hysterical or dangerous but who do Intend to deal In resolute commonsenso fashion will tho real and great evils of the present system The reactionaries and the vlo lent extremists show symptoms of joinIng Join-Ing hands against us Both assert for hanls Instance that If logical we should go to government ownership of railroads and the like the reactionaries because IUl such lke Issue they think the people would stand with them while the extremists ex-tremists care rather to preach discontent and agitation than to achieve solid re suits agitaton matter of fact our posltloi Is as remote from that of the bourbon reactionary as from that of the Imprac ractonary sinister visionary We hold that the government should not conduct the business of the nation but that It I should exerclso such supervision as wi Insure Its being conducted In the interest Inter-est of the nation Our aim Is so far as may be to secure for all decent hardworking hard-working men equality of opportunity and equality of burden Combinations Are Necessary The actual working of our laws has shown that the effort to prohibit all com btnatlon good or bad > noxious where It is not Ineffective Combination of capital like combination of labor Is a necessary element of our present Industrial Indus-trial system It Is not possible completely to prevent It and If It were possible such complete prevention would do damage dam-age to the body politic What we ned Is not vainly to prevent all combination but to secure such rigorous ali adequate control and supervision of the comblna lions as to prevent their Injuring the public or existing In such form as InevItably Inev-Itably to threaten Injuryfor the mere tabl that a combination has secured practically complete control of a necessary neces-sary of life would under any circumstances circum-stances show that such combination was to be presumed to be adverse to the pub lie Interest It Is unfortunate that our present laws should forbid all combinations combina-tions Instead of sharply dlscrlmlnatln between those combinations which do nvll Ucbntes for Instance are as ofte due to the prcssuru of big shippers a a wn shown In the InvestlRatlon of the Standard Oil company anti as has been Stnnlatt 01 shown slnco by the Investigation of the obacco < sugar trusts ns to the Inltl aura of big railroads Often railroads would like to combine for time purpose of preventing a big shipper from maintain log Improper advantages at the expense Ina small shippers and of the general pub slul lie Such a combination Instead of being orbldden by law should be favored In other words It should be permitted to railroads to make agreements provided these agreements wrro gancllpnod by the ntvrstutc commerce commission and were published With these two condl Ions compiled with It is Impossible to ceo what harm such a combination could do to the public at large I Is a public evIl to have on the statute books t laW ncapiible of full enforcement liecaui both judges and Juries reilUc thit Us full enforcement would dtstrOy the business busi-ness of time country lor the result Is to jjukfl dpcdlit railroad men violators of he law against their will and to put ix premium on the bnhnvlor of the wilful premlUI vrongdoors Such a result In turn tends 10 throw the decent man and the wilful Wrongdoer Into close as 9Clntlc > n nnd In ronldot drag doun the CornIer to tho niters leye1 for tho man who becomes IL lawbreaker In I one Wit unhappily tends tm 0 lOs nil respect for law and to V > 6 vllllng td br ak It In many ways No wiing scathing condemnation could ha visited scnthlll I10n I law limit Is contained In hn > n < > u nf lie ItilRrBtntn commerce r ohimlsslon when 111 commenting upon 1 the fact that the numerous Joint train I associations do technically Vlcwls limO nsochltons say The decision f > f tho nltod States supreme court 111 the Transmlsslsslppl case and the Joint Traffic association rose has produced no ractlenl effect upon the railway operations Ions of the country Buch associations In fact exist now ns they did before heso derisions and with the same gen ral effect In Justice to all parties we ought probably to nclil that It Is difficult to see how our Interstate railways could bo operated with due regard to the Interest Inter-est of tho shipper and the railway without concerted action of thai kind nf ordrd thru these associations This means that tho law as construed hmy the supreme court Is such that the business of the country cannot be con lucted without breaking It I recommend hat you give careful and early consideration consider-ation to this subject and If you had the opinion of the Interstate commerce commIssion com-mIssion justified that you amend the law so as to obviate the evil disclosed Inheritance and Income Tax It was expected that the president won II refer In some way to his belief In the necessity for the curbing of enormous enor-mous fortunes And he has done so by recommending legislation for both Income In-come and an Inheritance tax Ha believes be-lieves the government should Impose a rraduated Inheritance tax and If pOI I ble a graduated Income tax He says 11m well aware that such a subject as this needs long and careful study In order that the people may become famll lar with what Is proposed to bo done may clearly see tho necessity of proceed log with wisdom and selfrestraint and may make up their minds Just how far they are willing to go In the mater while only trained legislators can work onl out the project In necessary detail But I feel that In the near future our national nation-al legislators should enact I law provld hug for n graduated Inheritance lax by which a steadily Increasing rate of duty should bo put upon all moneys or other valuables coming by gift bequest or devise to any Individual or corporation I may be well to maltn the tax heavy In proportion ns the Individual bcnetlled imj I remote of kin In any event In my judgment the pro rata of the tax should ncronso very heavily with the Increase of the amount left to any one Individual after a certain point has been reached afer I most desirable to encourage thrift and ambition and a potent source of thrift and ambition Is the desire on tho part of the breadwinner to leave his chll Iren well off This object can be attained by making the tax very small on moderate moder-ate amounts of property left because the prime object should be to put a constantly con-stantly Increasing burden on time Inheritance Inher-itance of those swollen fortunes which It Is certainly of no benefit to this country coun-try to perpetuate There can be no question of the ethical eth-ical propriety of the government thus determining de-termining the conditions upon which any conditons Rift or Inheritance should be received Kxnctly how far the Inheritance tax gxncty as an Incident havo the effect of limiting tho transmission by devise or lmitng the enormous fortunes In question gif not necessary at present to discuss It is wise that progress In this direction should be gradual At first a permanent national Inheritance tax while It might bo more substantial than any such tax has hitherto been need not approximate cither In amount or In tho extent of the Increase by graduation to what such a tax should ultimately bo Inheritance Tax Constitutional This species of tax has again and again by been Imposed altho only temporarily tho national < government It was first natonal Imposed by the act of July 6 1797 when the makers of tho Constitution wore alive and at the head of affairs It was a graduated tax tho small In amount the rate was Increased with the amount left to any Individual exceptions being made In the case of certain close kin A similar tax was again Imposed by the act of July 1 1862 a minimum sum of 11000 In personal property being excepted from taxation the tax then becoming progressive according to tho remoteness of kin The warrevenue act of June 13 1S9S provided for an inheritance tax on any sum exceeding the value of J10000 the rate of tax Increasing both In accordance accord-ance with the amounts left anti in accordance 1110 cordance with the legatees remoteness of kin The supreme court has held that tho succession tax Imposed at the time of the civil war was not a direct tax but an Impose of excise which was both constitutional con-stitutional and valid More recently the sttutonll In Inl opinion delivered by Mr Justice White which contained an exceedingly ex-ceedingly able and elaborate discussion of the powers of the congress to Impose sustained the constitution death duties consttuton ality dutes Inheritance tax feature of tho warrevenue act of 1S9S Is Income Tax Constitutional In Its Incidents and apart from the main purpose of raising revenue an Income tax stands on an entirely different differ-ent footing from an inheritance tax because be-cause I Involves no question of tho perpetuation per-petuation of fortunes swollen to un unhealthy un-healthy size The question Is In its essence a question of the proper adjustment adjust-ment of burdens to benefit As the low now stands t Is undoubtedly dim cult to devise a national Income tax which shall be constitutional Hut whether It Is absolutely impossible Is another an-other question and If possible It Is most certainly desirable The first purely income In-come tax law was past by the congress In 1861 but the most Important law dealing deal-ing with the subject was that of 194 This tional the court held to be unconstltu tonal question Is undoubtedly very Intricate In-tricate delicate and troublesome rime decision of the court was only reached by one majority I Is the law of the land and of course Is excepted as such and loyally obeyed by all good citizens Nevertheless the hesitation evidently felt by the court as a whole In coming to a conclusion when considered together to-gether with the previous decisions on tho subject may perhaps Indicate tho possibility of devising n constitutional incometax law which shall substantially substan-tially acccompllsh the results aimed at The difficulty of amending the constitution con-stitution Is so great that only real necessity ne-cessity can justify a resort thereto Every effort should be made In dealing with this subject as with the subject of the proper control by the national government over the use of corporate wealth In Interstate business to devise legislation which without such action shall attain the desired end hut If this falls there will ultimately be no alternative al-ternative to a constitutional amend rmment Ile makes a strong plea for technical le Industrial education for the masses and while the federal government can do but little In this line ho asks that schools of this character be established In the District of Columbia as an example ex-ample to the various states Agricultural Interests Ho appeals for every encouragement that the congress can give to the ecrl cultural Interests of the country Ho points to the good that Is being done by the various forms of grange organizations organiza-tions and says Several factors must cooperate In the Improvement of the farmers condition He must have time chance to be educated In tho widest possible SPIIHC In the sense which keeps ever la low tho Intimate TI relationship between the theory of education edu-cation and the facts of lit In alt education we should widen our alms I etleaton lit a good tlilnt to produce a certain number num-ber of trained scholar and indents but tho education superintended by tho slat must seek rather to produce a hundred hun-dred good citizens than merely one scholar and I must bo turned now and then from tho class book to tho study of tho great book of nature Itself This Is I especially true of the farmer ns has been pointed out again amid again by nil obaelrl lost competent to pun prac rrac tical Judgment on the problems of our country life All students now realize that education must seek to train the executive iwereal of younic people amid to Cfchfer more real slKnlllcnncn upon tho phrato dignity of labor and to pre purfi ttlft pupils so that In addition to inch developing In the hlRhoct degree tnch Indlvldwl capacity for work they may together help crotd a right public opinion end show In many ways social nnd cooperative spirit Organization has become necessary In the business world anti It has accomplished much for good In tho world of labor It Is no less necessary neces-sary for farmers luch a movement is the grange movement 5 E9QU In Itself and Is cnpnblo of A WellnlKll Infinite further fur-ther extension for cpod so lone as It Is 1Jslon kept to Its own leglllmala l business Tho benefits to lm derived by time association of tanners for mutual advantage aro partly economic and part sociological Moreover while In tho long run voluntary volun-tary effort will prove morn efficacious than government Hsslstnticn while tho ftirpierx must Militarily ll0 puost tat themselves yet OIl government can also do much Tho department of agriculture has broken now ground In nmny directions direc-tions and year by ycnr It finds how It os Improve Its methods nnd Tlevelop fresh usefulness Its constant effort Is to give tho governmental assistance In the most affective ways that Is thru as soctntlons at farmers rather than to or thru individual fanners I Is also striving striv-ing to coordinate Its work with tho agricultural agri-cultural departments of the several I states and no far ns Its own work Is educational to coordinate It with the work o other educational authorities Agricultural education Is necessarily based upon general education but our agrlculturl educational Institutions are wisely specializing themselves making their course relate to the actual teaching of tho agricultural nnd kindred sciences to young country peoplo or young city people who wish to live In tho country Oreat progress has alrtndy been made among farmers by tho creation Iaoo farmers Institutes of dnlry associations associa-tions of breeders associations horticultural cultural associations anti the like A striking example of how the government govern-ment and the farmers can cooperate Is shown In connection with tho mennce offered to the cotton growers of the southern states by the advance of the boll weevil rime depnrtment Is doing nil It can to organize tho farmers In time threatened districts just ns It has been doing all It can to organize them In aid of Its work to eradicate the cattle cat-tle fever tick In tho south Tho department depart-ment can and will cooperate with all such association and It must have their help If Its own work Is to be done In the most efficient style < Ho urges the extension of tho Irrigation Irriga-tion and forest prcsHivatlon system and asks for on appropriation for building a memorial theater at Arlington Marriage and Divorce As a means of bringing about national regulation of marrlngo and divorce ho suggests a constitutional amendment and 8uJlese connttutonal < < says It IH not sum to leave thesu ones lions to be dealt with by tho various states Continuing on this subject he says saysWhen homo ties are loosened when men and women cease to regard n worthy fnmlly life with nil Its duties fully performed and all Its responsibilities responsi-bilities lived up to na time life best worth living then evil days for the commonwealth nre at hand There are regions In our land nnd classes of our population where bite birth rate hns sunk below the death rate Surely It should need no demonstration to show that wilful sterility In from the standpoint of tho nation from mo standpoint of the human race the one sin for which the penalty Is national death race death a sin for which there Is no atonement a sin which Is the more dreadful exactly In proportion propor-tion ns the men and women guilty thereof are In other respects In character char-acter and bodily and mental powers those whom for the sake of thn state It would be well to wee the fathers and mothers of many healthy children well brought up In homes mado happy by their presence No man no woman can shirk tho primary duties of life whether for love of ease and pleasure or for any other cause and retain his or her selfrespect Tho president asks for the enactment Into law of a shipping bill that will placn American Interest on the seas on I par with those of other countries ali urges especially that something bo done that will establish direct steamship communication commu-nication with South American ports Currency Reform Amendments to the present currency laws are lake for nnd after showing that present laws aro Inadequate because of the wide fluctuation of Interest charges he says The mere statement of these facts shows that our present system Is seriously seri-ously defective There Is need of n change Unfortunately however many of the proposed changes must bo ruled from consideration because they are complicated are not easy of comprehension compre-hension nnd tend to disturb existing rights and Interests We must also rule out any plan which would materially ma-terially Impair the value of the United States two per cent bonds now pledged to secure circulation the Issue of which was made under conditions po cullarly creditable to the treasury I do not press any special plan Various plans have recently been proposed by expert committees of bankers Among tho plans which are possibly feasible and which certainly should receive your consideration Is that repeatedly brought tp your attention by time present pres-ent Secretary of time treasury the essential es-sential features of which have been approved by many prominent bankers and business men According to this plan national banks should be permitted per-mitted to Issue a specified proportion of their capital In notes of a given kind the Issue to be taxed at so high a rate as to drive the notes hack when not wanted In legitimate trade This plan would not permit tho Issue of currency to give banks additional profits but to meet the emergency presented pre-sented by times of stringency Need of Automatic System I do not say that this Is the right system I only advance It to emphasize empha-size my belief that there Is need for the adoption of some system which shall he automatic and open to all sound banks so as to Oren all possibility pos-sibility of discrimination and favoritism favorit-ism Such a plan would tend to prevent pre-vent the spasms of high money and anl speculation which now obtain In the New York market for at present there Is too much currency nt certain seasons of the year and Its accumulation accumu-lation at New York tempts bankers to lend It at low rates for speculative purposes whereas nt other times when the crops are blng moved there Is urgent need for n large but temporary Increase In the currency supply It must never be forgotten that this question concerns business men generally gen-erally quite OH much as bankers especially es-pecially Is this true of stockmen farmers and business men In time west for at present at certain seasons of the year the difference In Interest rates between the east and the west Is from six to ten per cent whereas in Canada the corresponding difference Is but two per cent Any plan must ot course guard the Interests of western west-ern and southern bankers as carefully as It guards tho Interests of New York or Chicago bankers and must be drawn from time standpoints of the farmer and the merchant no less than from the standpoints of the city banker and the country bunker The law should be amended so as to specifically to provide that the funds do rived from customs duties may be treated treat-ed by the secretary ef the treasury as he treats funds obtained under the internal In-ternal revenue laws There should be a considerable Increase In bills of small denominations Permission should be elven banks If necessary under settled restrictions to retire their circulation to a larger amount than 53000000 a month lie again asks for free trade with this country for time Philippines and In the same connection reviews the work done by this country In the Islands and says If we have erred In the Philippines It has been In proceeding too rapidly In r 4 the direction ot crantlne a large mos Ore of selfgovernment American citizenship should be conformed con-formed on times citizens of Porto lUea The harbor of Ban Juan In Porto Rica should bo dredged anti Improved The expenses of time federal court of Porte Itlco should be met from the federal treasury The administration of time affairs af-fairs of Porto Hlco together with those of the Philippines Hawaii nnd our other S Insular possessions should nil be directed direct-ed under one executive department by preference the department of state or th department of war hhj NaturallzaHon of Jnps President lloosovelt scores San Francisco Fran-cisco mitt other Pacific const chics for their treatment of the Japanese and mnk ii time following recommendations Our nation fronts on time Pacific Just f s It fronts on thn Atlantic Wo hops to play n constantly growing part In time great ocean of the orlint Wo wish ns we aught 1cm wish for ft great commerolM tV > vrlil > tupnt in our deal i SS with Apia niul it Is out of the question that We ithtil4 ef1aW have atlch development unleus we Ire < ly anti gladly extend to other nation the same measure ot Justice and good treatment which wo expect to recelv In return It Is only a very small body of our citizens that not badly Whern the federal utivernment has nower it t will deal summarily with nny puqh Where the several states have power I earnestly ask that they also deal wisely and promptly with such conduct con-duct or elBf this 11111111 body of wrong doers may bring shame upfln the great mass of their Innocent anti right thinking fellows that Is upon our nation ns n whole flood mnnncrit should be nn International no less than an Individual attribute I music fair treatment for thn Japanese an I would ask fair treatment for Hermans or Hngllshmen Frenchmen Russians or Italians I ask It ns due to humanity and civilization I ask It as due to ourselves because we must act uprightly up-rightly toward all men I recommend to time congress that nn net be passed specifically provdlng for time naturalization of Japanese who como here Intending to bccomn American citizens cit-izens One ot time great embarrassment attending time performance of our International In-ternational obligations Is the fact that time statutes of the United States government gov-ernment are entirely Inadequate They fall to give to the national government sufficiently ample power through United States courts anti by the usn of the army and navy to protect aliens In the rights secured to them under solemn treaties which are time law of the land I therefore earnestly recommend that time criminal anti civil statutes of the United States bo so nmcnded and ndleii to an to enable the president acting for the United States government which IB responsible In our International relations rela-tions to enforce the rights of aliens uni dam treaties 1C von ns the law now If I something can bo done by the federal government toward this end and In tha matter now before me affecting the Sap ancso everything that It Is In my power to do will bo done and Ml of time farces military and civil ot the United States which I may lawfully employ will bs so employed There should however bem no particle ot doubt as to the power nfl time national government completely tol perform and enforce Its own obligation to other nations The mob of a slnclftl city may at any tlmo perform acts of lawless violence against some class oft forelEiiers which would plunge us Into war Time city by Itself would be power less to make defense against the foreign for-eign power thus assaulted and If inmltu pendent of this government It would never venture to perform or permit thoj performance of limo acts complained of Time entire power anti the whole duty to protect time oftendlug city or the offendIng offend-Ing community lies In time hands of the United States government It Is un thlnkahln that we should continue a policy pol-icy under which n given locality may b allowed to commit a crime against n friendly nation and time United State government limited not to preventing the commission of time crime but In the last resort to defending the people who have committed It against the consequences conse-quences of their own wrongdoing Cuban Intervention The rebellion In Cuba and the Ind dents leading up to the establishment of the provisional government Is reviewed and the president says When the election has been held and the new government Inaugurated Inl peaceful and orderly fashion ot the provisional provi-sional government will come to an end I take this opportunity of expressing upon behalf ot the American peoplty with all possible solemnity our most earnest hope that the people of Cuba will realize the Imperative need of pro serving justice and keeping order In the Island Time United States wishes noth hog of Cuba except that It shall prosper morally and materially and wishes nothing noth-ing of the Cubans save that they shall be able to preserve order among themselves them-selves anti therefore to preserve their Independence If the elections become a farce and If the Insurrectionary habit becomes confirmed In the Island It Is absolutely ab-solutely out ot limo question that the Island should continue Independent and the United States which lias assumed the sporsorshlp before time civilized world for Cubas career as a nation would again have to Intervene and to see that the government was managed In snob orderly fashion ns to secure the safety of life and property The path to be trodden by those who exercise selfgov ernment Is always hard and we should have every charity and patience with the Cubans ns they tread this difficult parth I have the utmost sympathy with amid regard for them but I most earnestly adjure them solemnly to weigh their responsibilities re-sponsibilities and to see that when their now government IH started It shall run smoothly and with freedom from flagrant fla-grant denial of right on time one hand and from Insurrectionary disturbances on the other Considerable space is devoted to the International conference of American republics re-publics and the visit of Secretary Root to South America and points to the fact that our efforts In behalf of the natlot3 of that country are appreciated by iMern On the subject of tho Panama canal he promises a special message In the near future The Army and Navy j The message closes with a plea for the maintenance of time navy at us present pres-ent standard to do which he says would mean time building of one battleship each year Of the present efficiency of the army and navy he says The readiness nnd efficiency of both the army and navy in dealing with the recent re-cent sudden crisis In Cuba Illustrates afresh their value to the nation This readiness and efficiency would have been very much less had it not been for the existence of the general staff In the army and the general board In the navy both are essential to the proper development and use of our military forces afloat and ashore The troops that were sent to Cuba were handled flawlessly It was the swiftest mobilization and dispatch ol troops over sea ever accomplished by our government The expedition landed completely equipped and ready for lm mediate service several ot Its orcanlga < tlons hardly remaining In Havana ovel nlKht before splitting up Into detachments detach-ments and going to their several posts It was a line demonstration of the vales and efficiency of the general staff Similarly Sim-ilarly It was owing In large part to time general board that the navy was able at the outset to meet the Cuban crisis with such instant efficiency ship after ship appearing on the shortest notice at any threatened point while the marina corps In particular performed Indispensable Indispens-able service The army and navy was colleges are of Incalculable value to the two services and they cooperate with constantly Increasing efficiency and lm portanCe P a The congress has most wisely provided for a national board for time promotion of rifle practise Excellent results have already come from this law but It deei not eo far enough Our regular array Is so small that In ally great war ice should have to trust mainly to volunteers vol-unteers and In such event these volunteers volun-teers should already know how to shoot for if a soldier has time lighting edge and ability to take care of himself In the open his efficiency on the line ot battle Is almost directly Proportionate to excellence In marksmanship We should establish shooting callerleu In all tha large public and military schools should maintain national target ranees In differ cut parts of the country and should ID the formation or encourage every rllle clubs way thruout all parts of the land The little republic of Switzerland offers excellent example In all matters us an connected with building up an efficient citizemm KOOSEVELT I Alma Hales IIIIH licon nppolntcil deputy dep-uty sheriff by Hormnn to nil tlio va cnncy recently mntlo hy Iho resignation resigna-tion of deputy Unrnctt Hales IH well qunllfled to fill the pOHltlon lie is a innn who will naturally cointnnnd tho respect of both the law nbidlug nnd the lawbreakers The Press Is ready to 0 K the appointment Al Is a pretty good sort of a chap M mimi Pile Remedy put up In convenient con-venient collapsible tubes with nozzle attachment so that tlio remedy may bo applied at the very neat of the h trouble thus relieving almost Instantly Instant-ly blooding Itchng or protruding plies Satisfaction guaranteed money mon-ey refunded Sold by World Drug Co i Decs Laxative Cough Syrup containing contain-ing Honey mud TarIB especially appropriate ap-propriate for chlldiYHi no opiates or poisons of any character conforms to the conditions of the Natlonnl Pure Food anti Drug Law Juno 30 inOG For Croup Whooping cough etc It expels Coughs and Colds by gentlly moving the bowels Guaranteed Sold by World Drug Co Those having ordered hats and left them at my tdiop must call for name before December 11th or they will behold be-hold over again Also those who 1 have not paid for the hats they have with thom will please do HO next week or before Xmas po they can have a chance on Ibo doll Now Is tho time to have your Xman hats made Do not wait until the last day because you will never like tho hat you got hi a hurry I have some pretty hat pins now The baby hoods I have are going at half prlco and only a few left Martha Johnson Tho play MnnH Knomy which th oKompton Komcdy Ko presents at the opera house next Monday night was pionounced by the Snit Lako presi one of tho best attractions of tho Benson at the Grand theatro whore they played 1 a most successful I engagement It tolls a very strong i story showing how a man Is rescued from tho Inherited curse of drink through the love and faith of a good trno woman It Is full of good wholesome whole-some comedy Tho Kempton company com-pany made many friends on their two former visits and should have a crowded house Monday night Reprint NewsHerald There Is at least ono effectual safe and lullnblo Cough CureDr Shoops that wo regard re-gard as suitable even for tho youngest young-est child For years Dr Shoop bitterly bitter-ly opposed tho uso of opiates or narcotics nar-cotics In medicine offering 10 per drop to any ono finding opium cholo form or any other poisonous or narcotic nar-cotic ingredient In Dr Shoop Cough Cure And the challenge s as yet unanswered un-answered Hero Is ono manufacturing manufactur-ing physician who welcomed with much satisfaction the now Government Govern-ment Puro Food anti Drug Law Tho public can now protect Itself at all times by Insisting on having Dr Snoops when a cough remedy Is needed Sold by World Drug Co These days tho town Is pretty well with grips selling all sorts of things filled with various kinds of hawkers for tho holidays Our stores are carrying car-rying as fine a stock of articles as any ono can wish for and they de servo tho trade in preforenco to any stranger They arc locatod with us pay their taxes hero to build up and Improve tho city build school houses etc etc and thoy by all menus should have tho trade and the merchants mer-chants In return will buy such as Calendars Job printing and newspaper I space for advertising from the local printer and give him a chanco to live It has been customary In tho past In some places for merchants to pay large sums for soft soap writeups in holiday mimbcn This is entirely wrong Tho only way to build up a town Is to support tho home Institutions Insti-tutions Merchants and fellow cltl ens Is this not right It is only 14 shopping days till Xmas and to be able to select tho best bo tho first Our Xmas line is going fast G O E1UIKSON |