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Show I . " , 8 AtdgmoMg irnpUfmd By an Automobile Expert. If there is anytlilng not clear to you, ask the automobile editor about it. An answer will be published on the completion of the articles pertaining to each section under discussion. LESSON NO. 39. The Lighting System. In suidyiuji the electric UiihtiiiLT system sys-tem of the automobile, let us nrst see what units are necessary in it. Kirst of a!l we must have the liphts, then we must have a source ot' current, or the battery, then, in order to be able to turn the lights on or oil' at will, we must have a set of switches, and also, in order to prevent the burning out of the lights, wires or other units, in case of a short circuit, some safety device, as a safetv fuse. As you all know, the Hpht is obtained from nn electric bulb, this is a glass bulb, from which all the air has been drawn, "and in which there is a ''filament"' ''fila-ment"' of fine wire made of some material ma-terial such as tungsten which has a erv high resistance to the How of electric elec-tric current. Due to this resistance when current flows through it the filament fila-ment becomes ''white hot and so gives out light. Should too much current go through the iilameut. as might happen when there is a short circuit, when certain wires become disconnected, or when certain cer-tain wires become crossed, the filament will become so hot that it will melt, or. as the saying is, ''burn out." In order to prevent too much current from passing through the bulbs many cars are equipped with fuses. These are . sin. ply wires (inclosed in a glass or in ' uori-l'urnable iiir), which will burn up I when the amperage is a lit; 1c higher i than the bulbs are d-'Mgned for. but not yet high enough to burn them out. Drivers shoula always carry extra fuses with them. For the headlight and horn, "a l.i-ampere (1.) A.) fue, tnil I and dashlight, a 5A fuse if used. Voii should know where the fu-e box i J located, and when replacing bunuM-out , f u ? e s always replace with a f u s 1 o t i the same amperage as the oue furui"tu- i by the maker. Where the r use is in a: t red fiber, there is a little nng print", i ' on its s:de. When the fus burn out. , ' this will become black, a rule. hang- ! ; ing the fuses around will al.-o tell yo:i j : it a certain fu-t- is "blown."' . ! In buving bulbs you will have t j tate the voltage ( u-ua!!y but t-n I h'ord cars '. and the i-andie jowcr dc ' Mred, also if the b-iib m t be i.-ed I with a single or double wire method i : win!;L'. It is wi-e to carry an exti.i1 i set or bulb. 1 While the lll.iiji s-teiu.' with it-units, it-units, the ba'tfry, s it.-h, ii-es and irjhts, i- a M'j'ura'e and md'-penden t stem, th'' ignition ?ytt'iii, tlie genera tor ami the Martiug uintor are ;iNn cim-uei cim-uei t.-.l to the battery, and ?n in or-let to mvp wire and to reduce the ciiain, of .uhort c i r:u it et. ., the iirnnis M s tem a I e connected toet her. It would be well i.r you to tracr the wiring ot your car with the wiring diagram, which you will find in your m ' s!r;;ctinn book as a g'.ide. ''hi wili probably prove a, re-rcatin to yei nn. I will probably prove n gre;it htdp in lo catmp trnnlde in the (le.tnc t-T" .-h on Id t rouble "develop while ui the road. in tracing, remember that von h n . e four f-vteni", namely, the lighting s--; tejn. tiio units of which are the batleiv. : tv.itchfo. lues and light.-: the chrirg j ing sv-tj'in, the units ot vhn Ii are tue 'generator, cutout and regulator, pn-,-; IjIv nmmeter and the hatti ry; thf -tail ling svtcni, wi'h the motor, swit.'h and battcrv as the unif, ami tm ignition Isvteni, the uTiit- ot which are the bat-j bat-j tery, switch, coil and interrupter. 1 1" j vri'i will trace each hv-ti-m h paratrlv,, I ignojing tlie other1 while doing m, you will not fin'l it a difrienlt, taM;. I Two methods of wiring are n.ed, J na mely, the single wire and the t wo-wi wo-wi re. I n t h 1 1 i g ! e w i re met lind the j metal parts of the e.ir are for the return re-turn ol the current (or one terminal of 'the battery and of each of the unit- i grounded; -o that onlv one l'(Hw (i each. In the two-wire method a ,p:i- 1 rat e wi re, instead of the ' ' gi ound , ' ' i , ni'l for the returning cum at, two wire- t'oing to each unit. In Pig. 1 I give n wiring diagram for the iigli t -, using a m ngle w i n met hod, and in 1'ig. - one uing the two wirn method. In I'ig. I I have place. the Iiimh u- eeM the bat tery and -witch, while in K:g. 'J the 1use a re 1 ict wren the i t eh and lights. f inifht say that all cars are not f ;i i n ishrd wit ii f 1 1 e s. Lighting System Troubles. Pailure of the lights to light may I if due to a disconnect rd or broken win v.hhh can be found by Inonig the cin.uit. It may In- due to a short circuit, Jil-o tound by tracing the e;r-, e;r-, i'u 1 1 mid bv Innki rig for a bare spot , on the u ire. I f a baie i;. found wind insulating tape aroumt it. Slmit ciiciiit" ate erv liabh to l.e found at the eroh of wnei, or at. the terminaU. A short circuit in one of the other tydfiim will nlTivt. the lighting xyNtem, a bv giving an eaiv j-an-age for th--euirent pot enough will go to (lie light to ma k e t hem burn. A blown fuie, di'iciinrged battery or faulty mv.'i'Ii will abui be the caue ot I t hi lights fniluig to bum. 1 f i ii i lights will lie due ( a wralt ' battery, ihort riienit, poiirlc coiinc tei wire or dirty or fnuf'v it'll. PlicNm nig lights inav l.e due lo a ' j poor lv COIUIC ted Wile, bull.. LhP' I v ; 1 1 j t on a vibrating wire, or lo t'lieioiu- muter of the generator being worn or its brush springs being weak. Where fuses Mow out e o n s t a n 1 1 y there is probably a short circuit, an incorrectly connected or a crossed wire. When fuses blow freely try to find the causes before replacing the burned-out fuse, and always be careful to use a fuse of the same amperage as that originally furnished by the maker. Where the single-wire method is used, trouble with the lights is often due to current from the uulb not getting get-ting to the ground. Paint, rust or dirt between the sides of the, bulb and its socket, between the socket and the reflector, re-flector, between the reflector and the body of the lamp, may cause a light, to go out, fail to light or to flicker. Where a light is troublesome today and good tomorrow this is very often the cause. An instruction book is furnished; with every car. Owners should very : carefully study this, especially as re-, gards the electrical apparatus, paying particular attention to the ''cautious'' given therein. With some systems, especially es-pecially where the car has a magneto, when the storage battery is taken out : of the car in order to be charged, certain cer-tain wires will have to be disconuected , from the generator, or the lights will: be burned out. I j This and other "caution?' will be j given in the instruction book, so that j , reading it will prove well worth while.! I rf-1 'ITT U H.maM.WTn T HJn&h oJt i.,"t no TV-O v--8 ; M) ' e-Mi:'j t!it-JH.T'yyi-2z.it.k.f.Cc. : mm fu many cars the starting motor is designed to run on a twelve-volt current, cur-rent, while the lights and other system sys-tem are designed fur six volts. When this h the c.ie. a six-cell buttery is furnished, all six celU are used for the starting system, but only three are u-ied for the lights, etc. |