Show our large scrap heap the value of the secondary metals exclusive of gold silver platinum and iron recovered in the united states in 1913 was according to J P dunlop of the united states geological survey even this large figure is a decrease compared with 1912 when the value was secondary metals arp are those recovered from scrap metal sweepings crosses dr etc and are so called to distinguish them from froin the metals derived from ore which are termed primary metals the distinction does not imply that secondary metals are of inferior quality the reports to the survey do not include the very large quantity of old oid iron and steel re melted neither do they include the precious metas meta s in fact while the data given in this statement cover a large field and form an essential addition to the reports on primary metals the scope of the inquiry made by the survey reveals only in a partial way the vast extent of the waste trade industry which yearly becomes greater and better organized the value of ironald iro nand steel reused probably exceeds that of re melted brass and the value of the old rubber and paper stock utilized amounts annually to many millions of dollars the surveys inquiry was extended in 1913 to cover secondary aluminum and the result appears to have ju justified stifled the extra effort the values given for the secondary metals are arbitrary and are based on the approximate average value of the primary metal for the year while the junk dealer buys small and quantities of scrap metals at low prices which enable him to resell the material at a substantial profit regardless gard less of the changing value of primary metal the keen competition for large quantities of crosses and carefully sorted scrap metals results in good prices being paid for such waste materials in fact it appears that in 1913 the decline in metal prices and the slackened trade conditions combined with sharp competition raised comparative prices of scrap and crosses until the margin of the large jobbers smelters shelters sm elters and re finers handling this material was too small to permit very profitable operation although the quantity ol 01 reclaimed metal compared favorably with that of former years stocks of metal derived from scrap and crosses were much larger at the end of 1913 than in 1912 after re melting or refining these secondary metals selling at only slightly lower lohrer prices than new metal displace an equivalent quantity of primary metals and must be considered in any estimate of stocks available for consumption in any year for a few purposes requiring especial purity of material it is necessary to employ primary or virgin pig metal but as a general rule secondary metals can be used in whole or in part li la tact most foundries in order to compete for business successfully must and do use secondary material at least in part and hence they purchase scrap metals and it with primary pig metal or with composition ingot the secondary smelters shelters sm elters by handling large quantities of all kindy of scrap are able to classify their materials so as to produce continuously alloy metas of uniform composition suitable for use in work of different classes such composition ingots ingols are being purchased and used in increasing quantities by many foundries and other manufacturers in place of primary metals or mixtures of new and scrap metals it is asserted that the use of properly made and suitable composition ingot is more economical and produces better and more uniform products than the use of virgin metals or of mixed scrap and virgin metals in making alloys it has so far proved impossible to separate the statistics for secondary metal recovered from clean scrap made in the ordinary course of manufacture from the statistics of metal recovered from crosses and ashes and from scrap or old metal that had entered the trade as manufactured articles and been discarded an esi estimate mate of the clean copper and brass scrap on the basis of supplies from the larger secondary smelters shelters sm elters and refiners finers re but no classification made by many of the dealers or smelters shelters sm elters is available improvements in recovery the use of magnetic separators to free scrap from iron the recovery of metal from cinders and molding sand and the use of machines to braquet small scrap in order to reduce the losses in melting continued to increase dealers and jobbers in scrap metal realize the necessity of combining to insure better grading of waste metals and more efficient methods of packing in order to obtain lower shipping rates the large smelters shelters sm elters and refiners finers re of waste metals and crosses dr many of whom conduct a business amounting to millions of dollars yearly recognize the importance of proper separation and grading of metal wastes and of selling alloys of guaranteed composition but the smaller manufacturers and metal buyers have not been as careful as they might have been in view of the undoubted fact that the tha larger portion of all waste material is collected by junk men and jobbers who resell the material to the smelters shelters sm elters re finers or manufacturers the use of old metal has extended rapidly and any cooperation that will remedy trade objections to the use of secondary metals in any branch of manufacturing fac turing as well as any saving that lowers the cost of treating waste products must result in a broader market and prices more nearly approaching those for virgin metal refining mostly done in east it is impracticable to segregate the th statistics relating to the refining and reuse of secondary metals according to states but over 90 per cent of the refining and smelt ing of crosses ana scrap metals in the th states is confined to the territory east of st louis and north of ohio river reports were made by approximately users of secondary material of which about were in pennsylvania and west virginia in new york new jersey connecticut maryland and massachusetts and in ohio indiana illinois and michigan over 60 per cent of the secondary aluminum was reported from the states of ohio illinois and michigan smelters shelters Sm elters and refiners refinery re finers in st louis chicago cincinnati new york and philadelphia recovered over ovel 80 per cent of the antimony in alloys the larger portion of the secondary tin was refined by plants in pennsylvania new jersey and new york the recoveries of lead zinc and copper were more generally distributed tri buted the greater number bumler of the larger smelters shelters sm elters or re finers of secondary metals are located at or near new york philadelphia pittsburgh Tott tottenville enville N Y chicago cincinnati st louis detroit and cleveland though there are many large plants at other places nearly tons of copper recovered the total amount of secondary copper recovered in 1913 on the assumption that the brass re melted had an average copper content of 70 per cent was tons of which tons about tons more than in 1912 was recovered by plants refining primary metals and the remainder by plants treating only secondary materials the copper produced by smelters shelters sm elters of the latter class includes tons of pig copper tons of copper in alloys other than brass and tons of copper in re rem melted elied brass these figures indicate a de decrease creaso for 1913 of about tons of pig copper and 1500 tons of copper in brass and an increase of about 2300 tons in alloys other than brass at least tons was recovered from clean scrap made in the course of manufacture of copper and brass ware so that only about tons was obtained from ashes cinders and scrap or from material that had actually been used and discarded the value of the copper both at the he as metal and in alloys is computed average yearly price quoted for casting copper by the american metal market according to the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce the exports of scrap rag tor for the t e brass fit only for remanufacture calendar year 1913 were tons ton and an the imports were tons while many illy railways sell or turn in the larger portion portio ot e and of their brass and copper scrap metal waste to dealers in part payment P for new material the reports received show talat the railways utilized in their own shops and foundries over tons of brass in addition to tons of copper and 2 2828 tons of copper in ili alloys other man brass the production ot or copper from secondary sources in 1913 was equal to about 17 per cent of the refinery output of primary copper in the united states from all sources or about per cent of the primary copper smelted smelter from domestic ore increase in lead R recovery covery the secondary lead recovered in 1913 amounted to tons or about tons more than in 1912 the secondary lead recovered as pig lead increased about 2800 tons a normal increase in view of the fact that the average lead price was nearly the same in 1912 and 1913 the recovery or lead alloys increased 2900 tons compared with 1912 the increase of 2800 tons of pig lead from secondary material was due wholly to the increased recoveries made by those regular sm elters whose product is mainly primary metal the increase reported to the survey in the quantity of lead in alloy much of which is derived from re melted babbit and bearing metals was doubtless due in part to a moi more moie e careful canvass of the scrap metal dealers ano not only act as brokers and middlemen but frequently and sell babbit lead pipe and spelter other important sources of secondary lead were old ppe lead linings of acid tanks and crosses from white metal alloys regular smelters shelters sm elters reported the recovery of tons of lead from lead and lead scrap the total output of secondary lead was equal to eo per ceni cent oi of 1 the refined lead produced in the united states in 1913 compared with per cent in 1912 or to per cent of the refined lead produced from domestic ores in 1913 it was exceeded by the domestic lead output of only two states missouri and idaho and only one other state utah had an output of lead nearly as large as the sebon secondary dary lead recoveries small decrease in spelter the output of secondary diry zinc including that in brass amounted to tons and equaled 23 per cent of the production of primary spelter in the united states in 1913 compared with per cent in 1912 the zinc recovered in alloys other than brass amounted to tons compared with tons in 1912 of the tons of secondary zinc recovered as spelter tons was obtained by from crosses dr etc in addition to the large quantity of spelter recovered it is estimated that over tons of zinc chloride was made from crosses dr etc and likewise several thousand tons of zinc pigment the quantity of spelter recovered by re distilling crosses dr etc was about the same in the years 1912 and 1913 two zinc smelters shelters sm elters in new jersey and penn sylvania sylvan fa which recover spelter entirely from crosses dr etc used large or 1000 pound retorts instead of the small ones used by smelters shelters sm elters treating ore or mixed ore and crosses dr although prices of spelter were much lower in 1913 than in 1912 the exports of zinc dross amounted to only twenty eight tons compared with tons in 1912 and tons in 1911 domestic production of antimony the production of secondary antimony of which all but forty five tons was recovered in alloys increased from 2506 short tons in 1912 to 2705 tons in 1913 the value given is arbitrary and is based on the average yearly price for Cook sons antimony given by the american metal market the only antimony ore of domestic origin smelted smelter in the united states in 1913 was tons from nevada which was mined prior to 1912 the regular smelters shelters sm elters reported the recovery of 92 tons of antimony production of secondary metals in the united states in 1912 and 1913 1912 1913 METAL short short 1 value value tons tons secondary copper including that in alloys other than brass 66 Re melted brass 99 secondary lead recovered lead in alloys 3 69 01 secondary spelter recovered zinc in alloys other than brass 1 4 secondary tin tin 0 68 recovered tin in alloys secondary antimony 13 12 45 1 S recovered antimony in alloys 2660 secondary aluminum 0 2198 i recovered aluminum in alloys 2456 total value 0 contained in ili lead scrap the principal materials refined or re melted which contained antimony as an alloy were hard lead crosses dr babbit solder pewter and type metal the 1913 imports of antimony as metal in ore or as oxide amounted to tons and the recovery from secondary sources was equal to per cent of the imports the secondary recoveries of antimony were tons more than the antimony content of lead or antimony ores of domestic origin smelted smelter in 1913 recovery of old tin apparently there were no domestic tin ores smelted smelter in the united states in 1913 thou though h some tin concentrates were shipped from nome alaska gaffney S G C and spearfish S dakota to great britain for treatment this condition makes secondary tin an important factor in supplying domestic consumption the secondary tin ered in 1913 was wag equal to per cent of the tin as metal or as oxide imported into the united states during the year short tons secondary tin recoveries decreased from tons valued at 14 in 1912 to tons valued at 12 in 1913 the quantity recovered as tin was tons and that in alloys and chemical compounds tons the value of the recovered tin here given is arbitrary and is based on the yearly average price given by the american metal market it will be noted that the secondary tin in alloys increased about tons an increase similar to that of lead in alloys the secondary pig tin decreased about 1900 tons for although the reports showed that the recoveries from scruff and crosses compared favorably with former years the recoveries co from clean tin scrap tin foil and tin pipe were appreciably less in 1913 than in 1912 this condition was natural for the use of tin foil and block tin pipe has not expanded and the recoveries from those sources are relatively small the quantity of clean tin scrap treated was considerably less in 1913 than it was in 1912 this was partly due to the burning of the vulcan tinning De companas Comp anys electrolytic plant at sewaren Se waren N J and to decreased operations of several other users of clean scrap tin there was no great incentive to treat tin scrap which had been contracted for or purchased at prices that precluded much profit at the prevailing lower prices of pig tin till in 1913 the recovered tin includes the tin content of products made by several plants from tin scrap these included some tin oxide putty pow powder der etc but consisted mainly of tin chloride the prod production action of these compounds is calculated as metal and not separately stated in order to avoid disclosing confidential information As the products are made from scrap tin and thus conserve the primary metal they are properly regarded as recovered tin two forms of tin chloride are handled commercially stannic and stannous salts stannic chloride is usually sold either as a water solution called of tin or as an anhydrous liquid termed tetrachloride of tin and is used principally in the silk industry stannous achl chloride is sold in the from of crystals and is used in dyeing and calico printing most of the tin oxide tetrachloride and other products were made from clean tinplate clippings or from the liquors left in dyeing or weighting silks the dry chlorine process was used to recover the tin from the clippings in some places in others furnaces were used to remove the tin coating and a large quantity of tin was recovered in the form of a tin powder by the electrolytic treatment of clean scrap the powder being sent to secondary smelters shelters sm elters the largest recoveries ot tin were made from the scruff and crosses that occur in making tin and terne plate and |