Show e i k kJ l on LOW J cf c KEARNEY tt q r r OR mal many y y yar ars tile the people of Rus Russia RusI F I sla sia had contributed money to the theRod Rod country and for building new battleships until the amount given had reached the great ot of roubles When the war ar with Japan commenced the astonIshing fact was disclosed that the hea treasury ury contained only he hc affair was qu quickly hushed up on account of distinguished per being connected with the dis di graceful situation These men had borrowed money from the Red and had faIled to m meet t their Indebted Indebtedness ness The They tre re now at the seatS seat of war warin warIn in the east and can nt be bc spared to tobe tobe be brought back to Russia Hussla so the steps leading to the macall of those thoc Implicated can not be until the trouble with Japan is over It Is well known that the guilty parties are ranked so high I In In social and governmental life Ufe that nothing will be done which would re reveal veal eul their connection with the deplorable deplorable able more outrage against will past unnoticed The Grand Duchess Elizabeth Is the leading l llady lady of Moscow and Is not only the moat Influential one but the most She is a sister of the empress of Russia and Is married to Grand Duke Serge who is an uncle of the cZar zar Under her direction n work for forthe forthe the sick and wounded Russian soldiers las be been n organized d and Is now in the strength of its activity Although it was her desire to have nothing to with the Red Cross since It fell into disrepute yet the goods that are being sent out cont under her super supervision supervision vision bear the significant emblem which has lias made that society a famous factor In the worlds life of helpfulness The magnificent royal palace at atMos Mos cow with its rooms has been trans transformed transformed formed Into a workshop There bales of material ar are deposited and made Into supplies The labor is performed by women whose services are volunteered and who re receive receive no reward As many many as SOO meet at the pal ee ce every day to 0 stitch to 10 bind lint and to pack the articles for shipment The apartments are filled with sewing machines and tables for utting The sumptuous reception hall hail hallwhich which has formerly been used for splendid social functions by the ladies or of the court Is 15 piled wIth bolts of cloth arid and garments newl newly made pending over the machines and standing at the tables are women ot of every rank in Russia side by side wIth the titled tilled ladies of the nobility ar areS the trader trad Women and the plain peasants A mutual sorrow has made comrades of I them all In a room apart anart from the I rest sits the grand duchess acting as ass s secretary giving receipts for all gifts and meeting the donors in pe on Her strong coadjutor Is the Countess ft fa lad lady In waiting to the grand duchess who is also loved by the pee peo people pIe for her beneficence Since the organization of thIs relief work for forthe forthe the Russian soldiers over roubles have been contributed Nurses In the government hospitals at St S1 Petersburg are in special training for lor for f service on the battlefields Many of them have gone to Japan and lately to Moscow where the they nu d the Japanese prisoners of the highest rank who were carried there Education System of the Empire Russia RUia is ignorant Eighty Eight live five per CEnt of thee the people can neither read nor write ThE government t is In Ina ina a dilemma It realizes that if it does not educate ducate the masses It can not hold its onto with other nations that it iC It doetS doea a revolution ton is probable The schools which prevail at present ars of character Those for the common people or town are supported by the muni only a Is charged consequently consequent I It is difficult to get are overcrowded The gov does not keep pace with the Itt In aU all schools in Russia there are tL a gren grant t many free entrances Next In gradation t ta th town school is the gymnasia ia which is ig isa a 8 cla classical The word Vor g is II a German Gennan term for high higl schools and Rud does not Imply that a gymnasium is In these in institution thero are different depart departments departments ments from the ry up Considered with the gymnasia are the commercial in both there are long Jong courses and as a rule the of each pupil varies from 60 to 10 roubles a elm eim In addition to these there are private schools which are more select and more mOle charges amount In lug to 10 roubles a session selon In Moscow th there re is a school for girls ex cx elusively in which Latin and Greek are taught and In St Petersburg a aChoo school Choo of medicine for women Be Besides Besides sides these are the large Imperial celled called institutes which are also aho distinctively for young women The ate aie all dress dressed d in tuni uni uniform form when they go home tl they ey are allowed to tet leave it off but when ye re returning turning It must u again in be donnel The fee fe paid upon entering covers ex expense expense pense of the wardrobe These Im pertal schools have llave been endowed by byan byan an or empress and boar his or her bel name Sonic Some of them are set apart for tor lie dIe nobility of I these are very recent as one n be seen In the uniform The dresses are Yer and coarse cut dee and worn Oln with white cuffs and ana aprons Th same is used by the students among mong the nobilIty as asby asby by the pupils frOm the common people In over every school In Russia a priest comes once a day ay and teaches the ritual and the meanIng of the vest vestments meats ments While the ignorance through throughout out tile country is wide spread yet as asa asa a rule town children know how to read and azId write No fault can an be found with the ul universities of Russia The ox ex expense pense of attending them is very cry low and the system of education adopted by th l The students are allowed to live anywhere they please Moscow has and there are many thousands In St SL Peter Petersburg burg which Is the centre of the university life Ufe or of Rus Russia la The fees amounting to not more than 60 roubles a year or 30 0 in American mon money y attract an enormous enormous ous number of students Scores or of peasants attend the laundress laundre sin in lIO Moscow ow keeps her son on at atthe atthe the highest Institution of learning in that city The inducements held out outto tv to the men in that grade of life liCe are arc very strong strom not only does a bo boy pass from the peasant class when he finishes at the university but he no longer bus busto to carryn pe passport The Th of Rank Every Eory one who serves In Russia ot of any sort Is on the steps of oC the official Ia ladder der len Is 15 the term used b by them meanIng gradation ot of rank In F English it is Chin For Instance u a al l o makEs for tor himself about the tw twelfth or thirteenth chin chill When he I a colonel 11 he reached the tho eIghth when wIlen Ii general the When lu lie gets to be a noble he be becomes comes mos n a hereditary nobleman that is all alJ ot of his hh descendants are arc also noble forever The system was devised by Peter Fter the tho Great Upon his ascent nt to The tho throne he found existing n a vast Lumber of persons living on landed es estates tates He wanted to enlist them in hi service o of the empire so he re 4 to the chIn I process roce In order to gain them There Is more honor at att t to servin th the than in be a prince More 1 attention I Is paid to who wio has attained through personal effOrt than to Ute One who has bas merely 1 and title boy finishes at the universIty has ball got tit to the thirteenth as asil il h great step up Thou Then when 4 p 4 4 Ft f 7 1 k r 4 1 t 1 BELLE KEARNEY A Talented American Writer Who Will Contribute a Series of Articles to The Herald During Duing the Year he be enters any pUblic sen service ice the army the nav navy the custom house be be a civil general When one gets to the thirteenth chin he enters th personal nobility that is he be Is a no noble noble ble but not his descendants When the chIn Is reached the person i li entitled to have hae a prolix attached to his name of high wellborn When e reaches the rank of general he has bas bashe the he title of His I His children belong to toe untitled nobility Since the time pf of Peter the Great have become discredited Many ot of the families o of Russia have n no and would not have one under Ly Iy consideration For example the thell ll ofIs and J Even Een before Peter the Great reat however there thereas was as this untitled untilled nobility Each son and daughter in u a titled family Inherits the title If the women remain un unmarried unmarried married they hold It aU all their lives lies but I if they enter Into marriages with un titled men their title Is forfeited The I sans hand down theirs to th sons I throughout the generations There are hundreds or of men in Russia who bear I Ue title of Prince there is an family of them Som of these princes are arc among the highest persons r ons In the empire oth rs s are ure of oC the being found U listed l d ith the most farm Carm cra rs Time The title bringS them into ridi ridicule cule cle especially with ith the laboring who think much more of oC a r they do e of a titled Russian m Regardless of time the at to time the chum chin there are thousands of men In Russia who after being edu t d ha nave V no career opened to them themI f for r th the governmental places and others othera I ar are S soon op fined filled SQ so they grow discon The universities have become the centers of fountain of m consequently ons the are kept keItt under the strictest surveillance If five ge get together they are surrounded by the police but the for tor liberty has taKen such a alIon strong lIon hold upon their hearts that they a are willing to run ever every risk to I 1 their Ideas and when dis lov red to suffer softer any for tor their sake Numbers or of students work In the factorIes so as to Im u the laborers with their principles When th their ir identity becomes known they are arrested anti and trial tria lit is ever eer held The light cases are scar nr to SiberIa Siber a the others to time Ule fort rort rss In St where they die dier for r tile the prison is in u a very unsanitary and col cold Often se sev severa era rai students arc ar arrested at atone atone one time marched the streets street and iii some large b t tent ln then as usual without fur r Russia has no Courts as we know theta them there follo s a rei repetition of the id dd story The political cases are ad d b by the poti police e The lh governor f Moscow losco is allowed to arrest anyone ally one h be pl pleases an and send hint him away without a tHaI SocIalism in Russia takes the f hu of nihilism This I is tIme the result ot of force or e of circumstances is no freedom of utterance no meetings are it to he be h held ld by those who are to t a radical turn of thought the pr pre is opposition t takes k s the form fonn of vIolence The t are ale almost wholly the poor deits the rich ones are satisfied The VAst majority of the he former fonner belong to the peti class The students con oon the educated coming Russia A sociologist with these facts In hand haud handIs Is prepared to draw some tremendOus us conclusions In reference trence to the future o i the empire upon which the gaze or of tilt tile world 1 is at present fixed A Gagged Press students are arrested no men mention mention tion Is m made de ot of the fact in the pr press S hlL Information concerning such mat mut mutt t rs has to conic ome from English and papers S for those or of Russia are absolutely gagged Every paper and magazine that finds Its way to the from foreign countries is ren read by government Iii and e every ry article which in the lea leat t degree or announces vents events derogatory to Its policy I is roll rolled d through u a printing press mid and blotted out It is a common thing to see whole columns a mass of black The Russians are thus kept in complete Ignorance or of what atrocities occur In theIr own try but when the and Amen camis living there find the pages In their papers they at once home and get their friends fiends to end them th the proscribed articles In u a aletter letter In this WRY way they keep informed In a pension lately In 11 Moscow cow there was a company or of young men hailing from France Gr Greece e Persia and some were Russians They all ail said to me meVa We Va are in utter ignorance concerning what i is transpIring In this country Can you tell us anything Letters are inspected as they y pass through time and It if there are any which are found to be thc they are promptly burped burned This Thia severe espionage age Is k kept pt up all along the line Every movement Is watched especially those ot of strangers While going through the picture galleries s at the Winter Palace not long sInce I stopped a great grant e zinC ane was pc In m my the sc sc e c on the T guhe ul Who h Iad mo 1 to ny side and anil said U are arc wrIt fag Ing too much We are re surrounded by guards They tell me that they object tc your taking notes They fear that ou are arc malting making sketches ot of forts forti from Crom thEse war paintings to be sent to the Japanese Later while lookIng at the royal eq equipages In the carriage mu museum seum I again took out my note book and was immediately requested quested by the Guards there through my guide not to a attempt to write In the Art Aft ewards ards my informed me inc that if should I be bc seen upon the thc streets writing In a note nute book that I would In all be in instantly instantly arrested If u a member ot of a family In Russia is connected with the socialist or nihilist cause t the he rest are powerless to help him If the member disappears little satisfaction is gained There are no revolutionary Ideas among the uneducated uneducated duch ciuch thought has hasy y t reached the actual peasant c class ass Their Ignorance is so o deep that It will take some time for the rays ot of radical radicalism laIn ism to pierce the mental darkness in which they dwell The students student turn to the factory hands for tor the reception of their propaganda The devotion of the young people of Russia tt to the cause of freedom Is marvelous und and furnishes the most heroic feature of t the age It Is high tragedy from the beginning and each one Imo what I the result of discovery mont Imprisonment death and yet I the they enter the arena only the men women Corre Corresponding with the university course fol men are the higher courses for tor wo menthe students of which are caned called those who are arc following a course These Thes young oung wo women women men are arc imbued with the same spirit as that which prompts th their lr to deeds They enter the work o of dissemination of revolutionary tenet among the wo women women men and when there is 15 trouble In the ranks of the the girls take part and are arc orten oftOn arr arrested ted When the student riot occurred In St Peters Petersburg Petersburg burg a few years ago the young who were connected with it were flog flogged ged as the men were b by the Cossacks I that tion were sent to quell the Insurrection Thu Cossacks While th the Cossacks are in ina ina a certain way vay yet et they form a differ different different ent class and are in reality a differ eat ent people Their sentiments are not the same there Is no feeling of friend friendship friendship ship or kinship with time the n and that tact fact makes them ready tools for forthe forthe the use of the government They are area a race holding their land and possessing stated privileges under military man ha haing hay haying ing to be a 8 horseman horsman The Cossacks are arc preeminently of a lower type than the ordinary Russian and are more inure Ig Ignorant ignorant Consequently when the gO gov |