Show a T Italy Welded by Hammer Blows of War 47 If I IS Io I L A R DV i iii i I I Per I o s i L mo A S Sn 1 l tICK 7 PARMA rI n T OMAN I 4 e DYer e LUCCA r j D Leh GRA DUCHY or 1 1 I I iii oS' oS 1 M 4 I It s t t tI I I I T r hr I If 1 LJ I I f jr k h H 0 Di 0 14 c T T Y r. r R eN I A 4 N NS S E. A i J Umli i C 0 T H IONIAN 1 I I p EA i I r Italy MM Il It before unification took place under tinder the Hoime of SOoT the dueh duchy being belog ceded to l In tn r return tum for tor her VervIl to tor tory tory- In black ho Italy hope hopen to train gain nn us n U result of or her ton In 10 the world ar Rome Marco n 24 The 4 Tho decision of or the thc statesmen at Versailles to award TrenI Trentino Tren- Tren I tino and certain other territory formerly former former- ly lj under Austro Hungarian domination to Italy means that speak Italian peak peak- ing race Is at last to bo be united The Italy with which the younger generation of these times has been fa familiar familiar fa- fa la Is of comparatively I recent growth Only Only- some fifty to sixty years cars ago matters were yer very different from what they are arc toda today and at the beginning of the last Ital century Italy presented tho the extraordinary picture of or ofa ofa ora a number of or separate states only a geographical expression as It was contemptuously termed d by Metternich the archpriest of oC re reaction In Europe during the earl early nineteenth century Italy was wa partly under foreign domInation domInation domination dom dom- partly un under cr the rub rule rulo of or local dynasts who with tho the exception of the House of Sa o Savoy had no sympathy with Ideas Idea of or popular treed freedom om or national national national na na- na- na unit unity Tho The outstanding feature of Italian history during tho the later middle ago was the steady disappearance of civic freedom freedom free tree dom and the formation of despotically governed states generally under foreign foreign for for- eign influence In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries this thin influence was Spanish In tho the eighteenth and nineteenth Austrian n. Whether SpanIsh Spanish Spanish Span Span- ish or Austrian It ft was always exercised exercised exer exer- deed on the side Ide of repression and re rc- rc action aelion I I II j I 1 I I. I I i S This state of things w was s en ended ed b bYthe by bythe the wars of oC tho the French revolution The Tho moribund republics republic of Venice and Genoa Genoa Genon Ge Ge- noa non were destroyed forever fore and b by 1806 all Ital Italy except the i islands of Sicily and Sardinia was under tho the rule of Napoleon Tho The Napoleonic government government government govern govern- ment was hard but It was as a aast vast ast im improvement improvement im- im pro em provement nt upon anything which had preceded It t. t Italians became accustomed accustomed accustomed tomed to regarding regarding- their country countr as a national entity and this feeling was assisted b by the recollection of campaigns campaigns cam cam- In distant regions in which ItalIan Italian Ital Ital- ian inn soldiers had borne an honorable part in 1514 All this was swept awa away Sao Savoy Piedmont Genoa and Sardinia wore united under the House of ot S O Savoy The south returned to the cruel crual and corrupt rule o of the Bourbons o of Na Na- a- a pIes ples I Lombardy and Yen Venice Ice fell under Austrian rule which was so brutal that the n T holo hole country was In iii a state of ot disaffection Parma todena toden Tuscany Tuscany rus cany can and Lucca were handed over o to Austrian princes and princesses while the center of oC the peninsula fell once more under the tho weak and organized Ill government of the Vatican Th The unsuccessful unsuccessful uprising of oC 49 9 added to the tho evils und under r which Hal Italy suffered The Tho Austrian rule in the tho north rivaled rl In brutality that of oC Ferdinand of Naples Na Na- 11 pIes ples King ICing Bomba In the south proscription pro pro- and persecution reigned er e everywhere h 1 The The- lIr Ie of or ISCO Matters were wele in this doleful condition when Jie the French intervention inter of ot 18 9 and the great national rising of or 1860 personified in Garibaldi and Cavour our I I pro produced a a. miraculous change Within a single year car tho the whole holo peninsula except except ex ox- I Venetia and the province of Rome Home was united under King Victor Emmanuel Emmanuel Emmanuel Em Em- manuel as al' the kingdom dom of Italy VenIce Venice Venice Ven Ven- ice was added In 1866 nn and Rome Home In 1871 so 80 that Italy Itah was what she had hadnot not been since H Roman man times times times-a a single state under one king The welding tog together ther of or long disconnected discon sections of ot populations socially and economically diverse was a far harder task than the accomplishment of political unit unity and is not yet et complete complete com corn at nt the present da day But the recollection recollection rec rec- o of victories achieved ed as a ana na nation nation na- na tion In the great struggle which has convulsed the world victories In which citizen soldIers from rom eyer every part of oC the country ha have participated and tho the respect respect respect re re- re- re and admiration which Ita Italy I has earned from froni her allies a must go fat far towards achieving true national union I |