Show 12 THE SALT LAKE TRIBUNE MONDAY MORNING FEBRUARY 3 1936 INTERMOUNTAIN AGRICULTURAL NEWS Program Nears Top Animals in Feeder Demonstration Completion for Lamb Experiment rr Show Increased Growers t " & ? X Total of $25754100 Stands on Books of Fed eral Land Bank yjv Interest v Special Session Set jar Special to The Tribune CEDAR CITY— Extensive plans rapidly are being completed for the annual lamb feeders’ day at the Branch Agricultural college here on February 14 According to Sumner Hatch instructor in agriculture at the schooL This yearly experiment hks come to be looked upon by livestock men of southern Utah as one of the most important experiments of the year This year an added feature of the day's discussions lectures and investigations will be a special session on range sheep The southern Utah Wool Growers’ association is cooperating with the school this year In arranging the program of the day which will include the annual inspection of the fat lambs fed by the college in an effort to deter mine the relative value of different Reduction Unnecessary as rations common to this area Result of Improvement Experiment Closes February 10 will mark the end of in Forest Lands y lamb fattening exanother periment conducted by the college farm and results of the experiment (Special to The Tribune) will be compiled and presented to the lamb growers attending The CEDAR CITY—In view of the lambs fed this year were purchased fpet that ranges generally on the from F A Thorley local sheep- Dixie national forest showed considman and are from smooth Ram' erable improvement at the end of bouillet ewes sired by Lincoln and 1935 the furgrazing season no addilambs were The Suffolk rams Part of the 300 head of lambs used in the annual lamb feeding nished to the school on a feeding tional reductions in livestock percontract by the Cornelius Broth- mit numbers will bs made for the experiment at Branch Agricultural college Final results of the tests will be explained to Utah lamb growers at the “Annual Lamb ers' Packing company of Los An- 1936 season This announcement by Forest Feeders and Woolgrowers’ day” on February 14 geles When put on feed last fall the Supervisor James E Gurr was relambs averaged from BO to 70 pounds ceived enthusiastically by stockmen and were graded and penned ac- of the region A 10 per cent reduction was applied in all grazing percording to Initial weights There are eight pens of 35 head each and mits Issues during the 1935 season all pens are fed third crop alfalfa and as a result a definite improvewhole barley beet molasses and ment has been noted in the condisalt Alternate pens have been fed tion of the ranges Mr Gurr saidfc By E J MAYNARD corn silage in addition to this basic The protection limits for cattle Utah State Agricultural College now on Dixie the forest horses and ration with the four pens of smallest lambs receiving steamed bone varies from 25 to 40 head and for 500 head The FOR A DIVERSIFIED AGRIsheep and goats meaL CULTURE difference in numbers granted to Special to The Tribune Feeds Weighed A permanent agriculture is a dipermittees last year and in 1934 31— According Jan FILLMORE All feeds have been carefuly grazing periods was used almost weighed and any feed refused by entirely for range relief and protec- to report of George Whornam Mil- versified agriculture in any state the lambs is weighed back The tion according to Mr Gurr lard epunty agent two vital prob- and too much specialization defeats lambs have been weighed every 30 “Due to the reduced numbers of lems facing farmers are insect and stability days and final compilations will re- livestock using the ranges in 1935 weed control Losses to crops from Utah is permanently a range liveveal the exact cost of each 100 and also the fact that a more favor- Insects alone in 1935 amounted to pounds of net gain as Well as dis- able precipitation prevailed than $140000 The report shows that stock stae and its range sheep closing the most economical rations during 1934 the Dixie forest ranges farmers of the county are receiving and cattle interests are of primary This fact however for this section All results will be generally showed improvement at aid from the office and through importance announced and discussed at the an- the termination of the 1935 season” the office the U S A C extension should not lessen interest in other nual conclave February 14 service in almost every field of the livestock enterprises on the limited Mr Gurr said “It would not be the policy of this agricultural industry A brief sum- areas suited to them There are today over 100000 milk department to make such drastic mary of the 1935 activities is as cows on irrigated farms of the or heavy reductions in livestock follows: For the cattle and dairymen — state producing dairy products for numbers allowed dn the forest as would tend to upset present opera- Through the drouth relief and home consumption Some 180000 tions or to cause undue deprecia- Bangs eradication programs cattle Iambs and 30000 beef cattle have tion of investments Any adjust- were sold amounting to $20741 A been and are at present being fatments needed in the interests of total of 42 dairymen and 52 beef tened for market in Utah n The conversion of better range protection and re- cattle men had their stock tested By ELMER G PETERSON habilitation will be spread over a for Bangs disease Help was given feed into meat and milk and the Pits Utab Stats Agricultural Collage period of time rather than coming in locating and ' purchasing 26 good resultant increase in fertility from CLASSES OF PEOPLE all at once” he concluded breeding sires Help was given in these operations is no small item buying and selling more than 6000 in the permanent development of It Is common opinion held by tons of hay 12 carloads of grain and a sound agricultural program those who occupy a favored place 130 tons of cotton cake Pastures in the economic world that their Perfect Combination were improved by distribution of auperior abilities or industries have The use of beet molasses with tons alloof blue three been responsible for their status grass seed cated to Millard county Instruc- barley and alfalfa in the Sevier above so many of their fellows tions were given on better methods valley has produced a perfect lamb and no one will deny there are fattening combination Over 400 of alfalfa production of gradations people these gradaFor the crop farmers— Help was tons of this sweet fattening suptions based upon inherited and degiven in obtaining and mixing spray plement has been used this season veloped strength of mind and charSpecial to The Tribune During recent years there has materials for potato truck and garacter which do separate them wideLOGAN— Farmers and ruraflead-er- s den crops a noticeable increase in the beep A 62 total of families ly There is justified indignation at in each county of Utah will for- followed insect control methods for production of field corn for silage in the proposal that men should be mulate of their own for agri- fruits vegetables and special crops the irrigated areas of the state rewarded economically without re- culture plans in their counties in the im- Help was This year Iron county alone progiven in obtaining better spect to the diligence and energy mediate future Dr O J Wheatley seed duced over 13000 tons of silage in and better grain suggesting in the work do To they display they extension economist of the Utah methods of grain production Nine- which was stored for the most part attempt such a lowering of people State Agricultural an- teen farmers college planted forest trees for in trench silos Fed with alfalfa to a common level would be in nounced Thursday The organiza- wind breaks and shelter belts hay this succulent carbonaceous violation of the fundamental law of tion within the state will be known through the cooperation of the coun- feed has done much to balance and life and would be a deadly method as county planning boards ty agent’s office Rodent control improve fattening and growth proof degenerating the human race Careful study of the problems fac- campaigns were conducted in each ducing rations for both sheep and No less objectionable and meriting the farmers in each particular community of the county Thirteen cattle ing equal indignation on the part or will be made Among othter and a half tons of The ultimate success of agriculpoison oats one all thoughtful people is the attitude county that of how the young men and a half tons of poison hay leaves ture depends to a large extent on an problems of the mere exploiter the trickster and women now reaching maturity and several bushels of poisoned car- increased efficiency in the producthe ruthless promoter and those ino are to obtain future homes and rots were scattered under whose hands by accident of birth or make a supervi- tion and fattening of livestock for themselves will sion for control of ground squirrels Irrigated areas of the state are otherwise has come great wealth be taken living for consideration by the gophers and rabbits well adapted to the production and that they deserve the fruits of oth- planning up boards Dr Wheatley said er men’s toil and management “The wiss solution of these local For the poultrymen— Demonstra- fattening of swine There should tions in culling caponizing killing be one or two brood sows on every These folk often make comparativeproblems depends to a great extent and dressing poultry were given by farm and suitable equipment in the ly little worthwhile contribution to upon a clear understanding of na- specialists from the U S A C A form of adequate shelter to furnish society if they are not a real men- tional agricultural problems Pro- total of 50000 ace to law and order and decency baby chicks were protection for the farrowing of and policies aimed at solving raised by men who grams received help early spring litters Hiding behind the legitimate busi- nation-wid- e problems and the solu- from the extension service ness man they challenge every ac- tion of Alfalfa pasture the small grains local are many problems tion of government or society which closely correlated each other and to would take from them their ques- will be worked out by these planning Grazing Permits Remain Same for Ranges in 1936 100-da- Insect and Weed Control Seen as Vital Problems Experience and Comment Thoughts on Rural Life farm-grow- Farmers to Form Planning Boards tionable gains It is this group aided by unintelligent or hired followers which most diligently fights any government or cooperative action to bring a larger share of the social wealth which is produced on the farm back to the farm These people in the manipulation of the profit products which farmers raise and have come to look on farm products as economically1 theirs as soon as these products leave the farm This is the fundamental issue at stake here which sooner or later must be faced The national welfare it has been proven is pretty closely abundantly tied up with the welfare of thirty million rural peo-pl- e and a generous return to them of the product of their toil is not only a matter of abstract justice (a real motive in America which ytrymore of a driving power than most people realize) but it is also an economic necessity America boards” To get farmers to better understand their own problems and supply ways and means for them to pass on to the government the findings of the county committees and receive in return basic information and advice from federal authorities concerning a long-tim- e agricultural program which might be developed for the benefit of the county state and nation are tb alms of this project Dr Wheatley said This nationwide program of county agricultural planning was initiated by the department of agriculture and is being carried out with the cooperation of the extension service in the land-gra- nt colleges the professional life of the nation It is a very serious question whether we have intelligence and vision to do this an act which has effect of unselfishness but motivated by selfishness It may be also that in trying to do a' selfish thing by an apparent act of unselfishness we contravene that little known law of the spirit which implies something pretty drastic about the hypocrite who does good not because he loves righteousness but for the reward and prestige which come to him must have a wider distribution of Income a wider purchasing power or the whole American economic plan fails for the time the quesDismissing tion as to whether most people de-rthis income it is extremely important that enough of them hava it to enable them to keep on buying1 not for their sake but in order at a high tem“Leakiness” in butter is the repo to keep the factories operating sult of not enough working to keep till trains running and to support the moisture in the butter exciu-Jlive- ly Sheepmen Apprehensive Over Cold At Start of Early Lambing Season Special to The Tribune TWIN FALLS Idaho Frigid weather following a snow storm that covered south central Idaho last Tuesday has caused apprehension among sheep men about what may happen to their ewes during the lambiftg period now ready to times suffer greater losses than do the early flocks as the late ewes lamb on the open range where they have no shelter When any bad storms or cold periods arrive then the losses consequently may be greater than the early flocks experience in their sheltered yards start For the first time this win- in January and February ter temperature at Twin Falls Season Started dropped below zero reaching minus Reports have been received here six degrees early Thursday morning from sheepmen in Hagerman valley It was one degree above zero last that lambing started there about ten Sunday but otherwise the weather day1 ago At that time the leather has been normal was mild and sheep owners were optimistic over prospects for a successPossible Loss Seen T C Bacon of Twin Falls pres- ful season Hagerman valley is shelident of the Idaho Wool Growers’ tered in Snake River canyon and association declared Saturday that has a season about one week or if cold weather should continue for ten days earlier than the surroundany length of time there might be ing higher areas J E Arkoosh of Gooding is one considerable losses among the early lambs Virtually all sheepmen have of the leading sheepmen there havadequate sheds for shelter and ing about 5000 ewes Another Goodthere has been an abundance of ing man Aiez Gardner has 3600 feed to keep the woolles in good ewes lambing now One Wyoming condition so far he said sheep outfit recently brought in a Mr Bacon said that during the large flock of ewes to lamb in Hagfirst week of February a large pro- erman valley to take advantage of portion of the flocks in this section the milder climate there Other will be lambing Idaho owners also report lambing He added that the later lambs operations under way around Hag- coming generally in April some - ierman - Farmers of Utah Get Large Share Of Region Loans Special to The Tribune OAKLAND Cal Feb 2— The end of the business day December 31 1935 9734 farm mortgage loans on Utah properties stood on the books of the Federal Land bank her in the total sum of $25754100 According to computations made by the farm credit administration statisticians this is the second larloans gest volume of long-teron farm properties in the four states of the F C A's Eleventh district For the four states Utah Arizona Nevada and California the record stands at 49899 such loans now outstanding with the present face amount of $192422800 Utah Borrowers More than half of the loans nqade by the land bank since its establishment in 1917 were advanced to Utah borrowers during the crisis of the depression from the autumn of 1933 through to January 1935 in which month the peak was reached The major part of land bank and commissioner loans therefore has not been materially reduced by semiannual instalments The same situation applies to loans made in the other three states of the eleventh m district Commissioner loans which were authorized by the emergency farm mortgage act of 1933 and which may be made on first or second mortgage up to a maximum of $7500 and at an interest rate of 5 per cent have been disbursed in Utah to the number of 3414 the face amount of such loans on December 31 1935 was $6126200 Land Bank Loans Land bank' loans which may be made in certain circumstances up to a maximum of $50000 and upon which the present contract rate of interest is 4 per cent now stand against the names of Utah borrowers in the number of 6320 and in a present face amount of P-T- Body Discusses Plans for Convention A Plans for the forthcoming State convention of the Utah congress of Parents and Teachers were discussed Saturday at a meeting of the executive board at the hotel The convention will be held April 3 and 4 at the Newhouse hotel At Saturday’s meeting Mrs Reva Beck Bosone presented recommendations on the congress’ legislative stand No action was taken on the matters which included pending drug and food and motion picture legislation They were put over to be taken up at a future meeting New-hou- S L Postal Receipts Show Gain in January Postal receipts for January showed a gain of 831 per cent over the same month of a year ago according to a report released Sunday by Postmaster L A Smoot Receipts were $9857351 as compared to $9100624 for the month of January 1934 The local post office through increases in business each month during 1935 regained its “million dollar” classification with the result that next July the beginning of the federal fiscal year supervisors will receive a pay increase Night School Groups To Sponsor Programs The student body organization of the Jordan free night school 1040 West Sixth South street will sponsor a recreation program Wednesday following regular classwork The English and music departments of the school will feature the program The free adult night school of the Lincoln high school 1241 South State street will sponsor two playlets Thursday beginning at 8 p m The first will be the “White Phantom” and the second will be “When the Wife’s Away” The dramatic class of the school will be in charge Funeral Services Held Foj Former SL Woman Funeral services for Mrs Myrtle Black Streeter former Salt Lake City musician and school teacher were conducted Sunday afternoon in the Joseph William Taylor mortuary chapel Dr Elmer I Goshen pastor of the First Congregational church was the speaker Mrs Streeter the wife of George D Streeter died in Hollywood Cal' Monday evening following a brief illness For the past few jlfears she had been engaged in radio work on the Pacific coast Burial was in the City cemetery Cache county leads all others in the state both in number and dollar volume of total farm mortgage loans secured through the Federal Land bank of the Eleventh district The number of both types of such loans disbursed in that county stands at 1480 and the total amount S L Flower Garden Box Elder county fol$4332500 lows a close second with 1253 loans CJub Plans Meeting for $3809000 Utah county with 1611 loans having the present face The Salt Uake Flovyer Garden amount of $3592800 ranks third in club will meet at 8 p m Monday dollar volume at the Newhouse hotel with Fred point of number and Sears of the capitol discussing wheat and barley and skim milk “Planting of Seeds and the Propaor tankage make an efficient com- gation of Plants” bination of feed to put a cheap and Mrs R O Kirkland secretary satisfactory finish on pigs for an urges toall members of the organizaattend the session which early fall market and both Utah tion and the Paciic cofist have indicated will be one of the most interesting a distinct preference for such hogs of the season over the cornfed product of the middle jyest Veteran Actor Takes Horses have been steadily deParts in Church Play creasing1 In numbers for the past 15 yearn yet good draft horses are Captain Ben Scovell still favored over tractors for farm work in most sections of the state actor played 14 character parts in With a full recognition for the presenting the “Sign of the Cross” night at the Immanuel Baprange livestock industry and its im- Sunday tist church portance in the wide area suited to A large and appreciative audience it in the state farmers can’t afford to lose sight of these other agricul- heard his presentation tural opportunities Political Job School News and Views Operetta Chosen for Presentation in March VIOLET BROWN Editor MARJORIE FULLER Associate Editor LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL— The operetta this year will be “Don Alonzo’s Treasure" by Geoffrey Morgan and Arthur Penn and will be presented some time in March Tryouts for the different parts will be held this week The operetta will be directed by Norman Martin The glee clubs have started work on some of the songs A most en joyable performance is predicted An interesting assembly was given during the fifth period Wednesday The program consisted of two musical selections by Homer Yates Jack Anderson and Merlin hJcGreilv humorous reading Barbara Dod-wiand an inside view of a radio station during a broadcast This was the first assembly of the second semester and many said it was one of the best of the year Our principal J B Driggs gave a little talk on the plans for the Lincoln day program at which we will celebrate the renaming of our school Miss Mary Schettler’s civic training class was entertained with an Interesting talk by a visitor from Georgia An interesting interview was held between Fernando Robles a son of the Mexican consul and Mrs Marlon Davis’ second year Spanish class Many questions were asked and answered in Spanish We wish to welcome to our school Boyd Coddington from Bryant We hope he will enjoy his work here Pupils who compiled this report are Virginia Derbyshire Ray Christensen Wylene Hunter Louis Gex and Leonard Brooks ng Amateur Hour Staged Candy Goes to Winner RUTH ELOISE WEST Editor SCOTT SHARP Associate Editor EMERSON SCHOOL-T- he Poster club an art club of our school Tuesday put on an amateur hour This was called Major Woes’ amateur hour A box of chocolates was awarded to the winner Beverly Chase The Poster club did this in order to get money to buy some new poster paints The program was very good and everyone enjoyed ti Helen Sharp reports that the art class of the fifth grade is making monograms These are drawn and colored and are very attractive Irene Sldwell reports that the fifth grade health class has chosen leaders for its health club Buddy Jehtzsch 6B writes: Last Friday the boys’ club met again Three boxing matches were held Bob Nuttall played- a piano solo and several other musical selections were given Beverly Clayton reports: Last Thursday our teacher appointed Helen Glade to be our class hostess When any visitor comes to the room Helen will receive them and tell them that she Is class hostess Then she will Introduce the visitor to the class We are sure that Helen will make a very successful hostess The 6B nature" class Invited Mr Marion Harris the principal to come to the room and give a talk on insects It was very interesting and at the end of the talk the class president thanked Mr Harris and invited him to come again Arlene Mason reports that the 4 B arithmetic class is learning how to divide with two digits in a number At first the children thought it would be difficult but they found it was quite easy Robert Sidwell reports that his class has health charts which they check every day - telling us stories about Robert Louis Stevenson and we have been learning many of his poems Thelma Shepherd grade 1 contributes: We are studying the magpie and have learned many interesting things about this bird Shirley Merrill 6B writes: In our health class we vare studying the We are lives of health heroes learning what nationality they were what they did and how their work has helped mankind Gordon Gale reports that the third grade children in Miss Lovina White's room are going to make Then they will have a puppets puppet show Some of the children wanted to give Cinderella while The others chose other stories teacher decided to let them give as many as they could Joyce Bowen 4B writes I'TMuidy of the various foods necessary to keep the body in condition is not only helpful but also interesting We are learning to choose balanced meals bjr using food models We have a miniature cafeteria and choose the food we like which will make us strong Mary Larsen 5B reports: Bobby Layton brought a part of a muskrat’s house from the south end of Decker’s lake It is made up of bullrushes cattails moss and mud Health Class Makes Study of Body Parts HELEN VAN OTTEN ELAINE BROWN Editors HAMILTON SCHOOL— Kathleen Carpenter room 1 grade 5 reports: In our health class we are studying bones and parts of the body A boy brought a heart of a mutton and Miss Edith Myers our health teacher showed us the veins and arteries that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body She then cut the heart open and showed us the chambers and valves and the thick muscles of the walls It was We were very appreciaamazing tive when he brought it for us to see Dale Mitchell room 6 grade 6 writes: Miss M Stevenson of the Highland Park school a visitor last week teaches fourth fifth and sixth grade social science She said the seventh grade is in the Irving junior She was interested in high school Miss Melba Glade's development of social science Mr L A Bridgland principal of Highland Park school was also interested in the work He said that he was principal of Webster when Mr Stearns was principal of Hamilton and that he liked our school and the children's cooperation with the teachers Ruth Konold room 1 grade 5 contributes: Pictures! Pictures! Miss Edith Myers has some wonderful pictures— two girls skiing three girls and one girl There are making a snowman mountains trees bushes and beautiful skies Every time I look at them it seems as if I were up there breathing the cool fresh mountain air Captains Will Choose Topics for Committees MABEL ARBOGAST Editor EDWARD CHRISTENSEN Associate Editor McKINLEY SCHOOL— Elise ry reports that the children of TerWil- liam McSwain’s home room have elected captains These captains will choose committees and assign to them topics on which they are to give talks before the class Jimmie Fletcher contributes: In Mr McSwain's room Wednesday we had a moving picture showing the Panama canal It showed how they built a dam to hold back the water while the canal was being built and many other interesting events during the construction of this gigantic engineering enterprise Pupils Decorate Room Elaine West reports that her class is enjoying the study of mammals P-- T of A Meeting The students have completed work on the fox weasel wolverine and BETTY HEAPS Editor seal MARY SPAFFORD Associate Maxine Shelton writes: In Mrs Editor Anne Irving’s 6B class we are studyWHITTIER SCHOOL-T- he pupils of the fourth fifth sixth and ing amphibians On of the most seventh grades with Miss Olive interesting of these creatures is the Maxwell’s help have been decorat- salamander about which we have found many unusual facts ing room 28 for the Parent-Teach- John P Sheya of 4952 South For street who is now studying Expert Gives Method State law at Chicago has been oppointed To Curb Thrip Pest to “stump” tour and assist in directing campaign affairs in behalf of Governor Henry Horner of Illinois during the coming election acLOGAN— Thrips caused serious cording to word received here Sundamage to gladiolus plantings in day The graduate of many parts of Utah during the sea- the Murray high school was recomsons of 1933 and 1934 according to mended "by political executives for association tea George F Knowlton associate en- the the communication The social science class of the of Utah the agricultural said position tomologist seventh grade is studying Alaska station Many persons experiment Under Miss Dorothea Sauer's ditreated their gladiolus corns during the early spring of 1935 and most from high tested flocks in this vi- rection the class is taking up many are produced by interesting phases of this territory plantings suffered but little during cinityhensand of five pounds weight with Fred Miller 3B reports: In our A simple home the past season remedy to destroy any thrips over- ancestor? of record egg production language class our teacher has been wintering under the scales of gladiolus corms is to treat them with Ne’er-Do-Well one ounce (about a handful) of 1000 each to flakes napthalene corms If the corms are in trays and can be covered with canvas or heavy paper one pound of napthalene will be sufficient for about 2000 corms Small numbers can be fumigated in paper bags or in boxes After two weeks of exposure to the “moth ball” fumes the flakes usually are about spent and a second supply may be needed A fumigation of three to four weeks is required if the storage temperature is from 55 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit er The Increase in Poultry Business Predicted SPRINGVILLE— An increase in the local poultry industry Is seen here this year with orders already made for approximately 200000 baby chicks from the local poultry-men’- s plant Manager G C Laney Orders for announced Thursday about 4000 turkey poults also have ' been made he said At the peak of the hatching season it is planned to produce approximately 15000 baby chicks twice each week and about 4000 turkey poults each week it is stated Four hatchejs have already been made at the local plant The baby chicks in some instances to be raised for pullet sale will be distributed from Murray on the north to Nephi The largest individual order is for chicks Eggs for hatching are secured 26-0- Studies Shearing Of Sheep Uses of Wool Clas9 RICHARD SMITH Editor ZORA NASH Associated Editor LIBERTY SCHOOL — Sydney Haynes' third grade reports: We have been studying the origin and uses of wool how it is sheared from sheep washed treated and made into thread from which blankets sweaters and warm clothing are made It is very educational to study subjects of this nature Marjorie Driggs- - fifth grade writes: The fifth grade of room 2 went out into the playground and had a snowball fight We had a circle and Miss Golda Jensen stood in the middle as the target We all had a good time and hope to do it again some time Marilyn Thornburg second grade reports: In room 4 we are reading and studying a book called “My Health Habits" which is proving to be very helpful It has helped us to form good habits: such as keeping our hair neatly combed and to brush our teeth well also how to care for our pencils by keeping them away from our mouths Mildred Nash fourth gradecon- -' tributes: We have had Trtuch Enjoyment finding the pronunciation of different words in our dictionaries We choose a word that we are not sure of and the class looks it up This practice is fun as well as educational Bobby Borstadt first grade reports: Our room has 'just finished making a playhouse It has four rooms and bath We enjoyed papering the rooms and making the furniture which is of clay Bobby McMillan firqt grade writes: During the past week we have been making a miniature Eskimo settlement There are igloos little Eskimos dogs sleds and many other things This will be very helpful in the study of these people end their custom |