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Show THE quiries on the question of tree pruning. ts The theory regulating the pruning of young trees at time of transplanting affords an excellent illustration of what we have just been saying. A plant in its organism -|is a miniature system of canals. The fluids, however, that course through their multifarious ducts This Department will be devoted strictly to the interests and development of Western Farming and Stock Culture, and contributions from persens engaged in those pursuits are solicited. have the seeming property of ignoring the laws of gravitation by persistently running up hill instead of down. The water is absorbed into the root fibers of a plant from gas Subscriptions to the WESTERN WEEKLY are now due, and subscribers who have not already done so, and where no special arrangement has been made for payment, will please make early remittances to this office. Money may be sent by postal note, money order or registered letter, or small amounts may be sent in one cent stamps. the soil just a sponge roots, containing in sollution whatever soluble matter is present in the soil, flows thence up into the plant proper, working its way out through the myriads of canals running this way and that into cell thoughout Coming finally evaporates, ‘its burthen a as draws up into its capillaries any liquid it comes in contact with. The liquid thus taken up by the every the whole plant. into the leaves it meanwhile ON of nourishment There are a few pertaining to the scientific facts cultivation of shrubbery and trees, that are quite as useful and worthy of consideration asany experimental knowledge could be on this subject. Practieal people, at least a great many of them, have formed an erroneous idea of the purposes and methods of scientific investigation. There plant. | Bruise or cut off the branch of a grape vine and observe what quantity of sap will flow from the wound before it heals and you can form a tolerably good estimate of the quantity of water that evaporates each day from the leaves of a large tree. With this little scrap of informa- tion we will return to the question of pruning and see if we cannot is not near so much empty theory reach a solution of it. in scientific teachings ,as 1s popuWhen a plantis in a_ perfect larly believed. The accepted truths condition for growth, according to of science are presumed to be this law of absorption and evapofounded upon the most careful exration, its roofs must be capable They are not regarded J} periments. of taking up as much water as_ its by thorough scientists as truths leaves in full vigor will give off till they have been proven under into the air. Suppose you now the severest.tésts possible. While the farmer who ignores theory alto- cut away irom the plant a great portion of the roofs besides disgether, by watching merely the re- the soil in which it has imsults of his own labor and making turbing beded itself. The regular evapohis comparisons carefully, may in ration must go on just the same the course of a life possess himself of a great many facts of practical usefulness, his ways are extremely slow for this age. The man who mixes with his labors a little reliave ble knowledge of the theories of plant growth and the composition of soils of various kinds, while working along side of him will and where is the supply to come The plodder considers only the results in arriving at his conclusions. The man of science goes_ back of the results and seeks out the caus- es through a system of elementary laws that have been tested repeated- ly through a series of years. Thus by combining theory with practice in making a single experiment he ly a portion ofthat amount supplied. ‘The necessary result of such an operation seems so plain that it ought to suggestitself without explanation. Should it go on become incapable and of making use which they might receive. Thus if the plant did not die outright, ecngeal form on of gum. the priding themselves in the most ab- buds are all that ject ignorance, have been fairly posed to the air. successiul in the accumulation of means. ‘They seem to regard their amassed wealth in spite of their = ignorance, not because of it. But we had started to answer some in- Behind the mask—-who knows the strain That each life may endure, And all the grief and countless pain That wealth can never cure? Behind the mask—we never know How many troubles hide, And with the world and fashion’s show Some spectre walks beside. Behind the mask—some future day, - When all shall be made plain Our burdens then will pass away, And count for each his gain. | —Good Housekeeping. <i> <i> ESSAY ON EGGS. There is at least one article of food in the world upon which pretty much all of the human family can claim to be connoisseurs. The man who cannot tell a fresh laid egg when served up for him to eat fromone that has lain a twelve month at the bottom of a box of decaying sawdust, must have been very meagrely brought up. One of the most nnvarying indications of blue-blood respectability is an appreciation of genuine fresh laid eggs. There is proof beyond peradventure in classic Egypt, heroic Greece and aristocratic Rome they were as familiar with the luxury of eggs in their various guises of fantastic cookery as our epi: curean moderns. Great numbers of them have been found in the catacombs, after a repose of three thousand years. We never had the pleasure of sampling a slice of broiled ham and eggs of this latter sort, but it is not at all likely that the flavor of heavy age would be more distinctly manifest than if they had steamed in an oat box for a ten thousandth part of that period. As egg-eaters the Chinese probably beat the world. They raise more poultry than allthe earth beside. They have a trick of packivg them away like valuable wine for a forty years’ flavor. Eggs that have past the half of a century without undergoing damaging changes of state are like their birdsnext soup, eaten only by kings and surface in The frost. hascome. should be POETICAl] HORSE TALE. To tell the age of any horse. Inspect the lower jaw, of course; The sixth front tooth the tale will tell, And every doubt and fear dispel. Two middle ’nippers” you behold Before eight weeks two more will come; Kight months the ’’corners” cut the gum. At three the second. pair can’t stop. When four years old the third pair goes; At five a full new set he shows. The deep black spots will pass from view At six years from the middle two. The second pair at seven years; At eight the spot each “corner” clears. From middle “nippers” upper jaw, At nine the black spots will withdraw. The second pair at ten are white; Eleven finds the “corners” light. They longer get, project before Till twenty, when we know no more. come the snow. The crops are up, and now is the time to clean up the litter about the yards and out-houses and prepare for the closing in of winter. Barn doors, gates, bars, yard likely needing repairs. to do it. fences are This isthe time I cannot get my doll to sleep, Oh, dear, oh, dear! Tomorrow she will be so cross, end of the hive, leaving the frames half an inch apart. As the bees have to depend chiefiy upon their own bodily heat for warmth, the larger the space that contains them the more liable they are to become chilled. Make the division board close fitting and double and then fill it with chaff or other suitable material to ensure the bees against sudden changes of weather. When about to close the bees in for the winter, cut a hele through each comb near the centre, so they may pass from one comb to another, without going around to the edges where it is cold. It would be well to fill a bag made of sacking or other loose material with dry chaff, bran or sawdust and place it above the frames in the hive, which will both keep tho bees warm and also absorb the moisture given off by them. If bee- keepers will do this they will not have dead bees in the spring on account of cold, wet and musty hives, but the bees -<>= WINTERING We note some BEES. valuable suggestions from a correspondent in the East respecting the preparation of bees for the win- I fear, I fear. For dollies, if they keep awake, You know, will get All out of tune, as children do, And ery and fret. If I could see the doctor-man Perhaps he’d fix A sleeping dose for wakeful dolls— You know they mix. Sleep in a Nobody Nor where He does, i THE dry and wholesome. é' Itis necessary that the bees have sufficient food to last them through the winter, and they should be fed before it is too cold for them to leave the cluster. Of course the amount of food will depend considerably on the manner of wintering which is adopted, whether in a warm room or out of doors. It is said that an ordinary swarm in a place where the temperature ranges from 40 to 46 degrees, and where ,they are kept quiet, will not consume more than 6 or 8 pounds of honey while the same swarm outside would require 25 or 30 pounds. This correspondent states, however, that no colony under any consideration should be put up for winter with less than 20 or 25 pounds, and out of doors 30 pounds should be the least amount provided. Tosupply winter food slip in frames of well capped honey, but if thisis lacking, use good granulated sugar reduced. to the consistency of honey. American Apples in England. . ing prices per barrel: Baldwins, $2.73 to $3.33; Northern Spys, $2.67 to $2.91; Newtown Pippins, $3.33 to 5.21; Greenings, $2.67 to $3.09; Kings, $3.64 to $3.88; Phenix, WESTERN $3.40 to $3.52; Tallman Sweets, $2.55 to $2.67; Boston Baldwins, $2.61 to $2.91. | ® dug ot Biol oe Bk Bod: AD eee Shy 2 DQ Eggs, © 2095 Butter, @ fb doz Bran, Oy ~ | 20 A | 20 | 25 | 9 | 25 | 3) | 95 | 20 | a7 | 22 Flour, a# hun’d 22 00/2 509 ¥ 251. soe OP 85 80 DOF 2 35 80 | 90 By Shorts “ a 1 0011 00/1 00/1 00 Oats «6 ats 1 38 ads swat 100 1 20/1 15/1 10 « 11 10) 00 90 1 00/1 10) 90 « 1°95 1 30/4 Barley Corn | | Onions ss Potatoes cos 25 et a 80 | 80 | 80 | 75 Scrap 25 “ el Ga wee 35 40 D5 . 25) Eke ee Mitton, 6). de Pork ¢ a cg | ay deals 107) 627 Veal “ Péaches,, dried.) Apples, © Whe) Plums, oe Apricots « ae alte po jd) 10 oe e ee ide Ldloded 8 | 8 {15%} 8 Ot iene ae ae 10 \10 [15% ° -1ot@abme aH ae 30 ne 50 10 ele10 Wool,¥2 ib “ ¢ lian = Gia Je ‘“ green, Hides 20 90 | 65 Wheat, #2 bu. Apples, The caterpillars have been doing considerable mischief in the English orchards. WEEKLY Saturday, Nov. 10, 1888. ee There is a good demand in England for American apples; three cargoes were recently sold in Liverpool at the follow- bottle; how it’s done knows, the doctor gets the sleep— I s’pose! | Wide Awake. CURRENT MARKET REPORT. will be lively and well, and the hives <i> As time goes on the horsemen know. The oval teeth three sided grow; Pretty soon will necessary frames from the hives, leaving only enough frames to hold the bees comfortably. With a division board _- the ex- A CASE OF INSOMNIA. MISCELLANEOUS CHIPS. ‘Therefore, when it At two the middle “nippers’’ drop; will cutaway the top proportionate| ly. So in the planting of cuttings, The most serious feature with there being no regular root growth the labors of a great many men the less of the wood is left above is their egotism. Particularly is the ground the more healthy will this true with some that, while be the growth of the scion. Two their genius for moneymaking has been so pronounced that they have the mask—who knows the tears from the heart arise, the weary flight of years many pass with sighs? its sustenance instead of going to The outside grooves will disappear keep up a healthy growth, would From middle two in just one year. In two years from the second pair; ooze out through the bark and Ju three the corners, too, are bare. clear ignorance as the principal feature of their prosperity, when in fact Behind the mask—who knows the care That grim and silent rests, And all the burdens each may bear Within their secret breast? Behind That And in How ter. Now that the cold nights are upon us, he says, it’is time to remove all un- crowd the bees into one of the meagre amout of plant food Before the colt is two weeks old. is plain that the top ofa plant acquaints himself with a principle overbalances its root capacity, the that will carry him through a man that understands his business whole line of questions them all up at once. MASK. from? There is a given quantity of water being evaporated and on- courtiers. any length of time the ducts of learn more in the course of two the plant would simply dry up and years’ experiment.than would his the functions of assimilation would competitor in ten or twenty.. THE WEEKLY. Behind the mask—the smiling face Is often full of woe, And sorrow treads a restless pace Where wealth and beauty go. in the ing currents to other parts of the TREE PLANTING. BEHIND depositing leaf cells to be conveyed by returnPOINTS WESTERN dry! 8 green| : 4 | 41¢ 15 1| 9 18 6 : The price of apples in New York has had a serious collapse, having fallen off suddenly over fifty per cent. Old hogs will fatten on the green stalks of sweet corn. CuHiIcaGco GRAIN AND Livre Stock. Cuicaco, November 8—Wheat,#? bu:— Wheat—Lower: Cash, 1.14144; DecemThe more cold a cow takes in, the less ember, 1.16; January, 1.14; May, 1.16%. butter she will give out. Corn—steady: cash, 4134 ; December, 405g; January 39144; May, 39. The evidence increases that corn and Oats—steady: cash, 2434; December, filth are the biggest causes of hog cholera 25144; May, 3944. Rye—steady; 55. Barley —Nominal. Grocerymen buy skim-milk cheese for: Lard—easy: cash 8.20; December, what it is, and retail it to consumers for 8.10; January, 8.12; May, 8.3214. what it is not. Cattle—Receipts, 10,000; stronger ; beeves, 3.00@6.15; Nitrogenousfoods make muscle. This is why young and growing animals should have bran, middlings and oats. Animals exposed to the cold will eat all the time. This is because ‘there is so much fuel required to keep up animal life. Coldis death. Apples make an excellent food for poultry when properly prepared. They should be cooked and made into a stiff mush with an equal amount of potatoes. stockers and feeders, 1.£5@3.30; cows, bulls and mixed, 145 @ 3.00; Texas cattle, 1.50@3.95. Hogs—Receipts, 16,000; steady; mixed, oe heavy, 5.40@5.70; light, 5.25@ 5.65. Sheep—natives, 2.50@4.25; western 3.25@3.55; Texans, 2.50@3.15. ke" Ogden Report GREFFIN, Merchant. Wholesale Nephi Report VICKERS. Corrected Produce by H. I. Conmiesion J. W. weeekly by Big jawed steers in the Chicago stock yards are now sent to the rendering tanks—an inspector having been appointed who looks especially for animals afflicted in this manner. Logan Report Corrected weekly J. A.McLaves.in, at Z. C. M. I. by The present Congress has appropriated $515,000 for the use of the bureau of animal industry. [=~ Where two sets of figures are quoted in same space, price ranges from one to the other. Provo Report C. A. GLAZIER. Corrected weekly and weekly Corrected by Salt Lake Report Corrected weekly by Secretary of Produce Exchange. Hides and Wool by J. W. Sanpzrs. |