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Show r r THE WEEKLY REFLEX. KAYSVILLE, UTAH EIEJOtJG SHIPWRECKED CREW WASHED ONE BY ONE FROM PLACE OF REFUGE TO GRAVE. WORKING ' ROADS Ways in Which Department of Agri. culture Offers Advice and Assistance-Free Lectures Given. Schooner Off California Wrecked Coaet and All on Board But One, includlngTwo Women, Drowned in Sight of Safety. Communities Interested in the itt. provement of roads are recommend ed by the department of agriculture to apply for a lecturer on the subject, lecturers will be Bent at the govern ment' expense wherever there is i to benetrtttarwHndhces v.ili fiT large enough to make the expenditure of time and money worth while. Whenever possible It Is, of course, desirable for a number of communities in the same vicinity to make arrangements for lectures at the same time, since In this way the traveling Px! penses for each stop mr.de by the lecturer are materially reduced. The number of lecturers at the of the department is limited, and it Is not always possible, therefore, to hen a comply with every request. olnt Arena, Cal One after another, seven men uud two women had fought their way un onjlal Pass rocks after cm aping fiom the wrecked gasoline schooner Alliance No. 3 were dragged back luto the sea by pursuing combers. Eight were swept to death. The ninth, Rafael Mediner, was flung ashore alive. H R. Jones of Vancouver, the mate, wax the only other member of the ships contpauy of ten that was saved. When the schooner, which sailed from Vancouver, II. C., October 9 for Mazatlan, Sinaloa, piled up on Ma Pass rwks, twelve miles north of here, early Monday, she had on board: Captain Deluuchrey, F. E. Harrington, chief engineer; J. S. Walsh, second engineer; 11. R. Jones, mate, A. Allan, cook; ISalllle, purser; Miguel Ablla, owner; Mrs. Ablla, Miss M tier and Rafael Mediner, Abllaa sero ,, FOR BETTER rea-3t- dis-pos- V vant The two women and all the men except Jones, who remained on the vessel, aided one another over the aide as the schooner was being smashed to pieces, but could not mount high enough on the tjave-- racked rockato escape the clutch of the sea. Jones watched his companions as they were swept away and waited hts turn. Soon afterward the pounding hulk broke In two. flinging the mate Into the maelstrom of the surf. The ships dory, washed overboard, came within his reach and he climbed Into It. There he was found exhausted hours laer. Mediner was tossed up on the beach fX he When ho revived, unct nsclous crawled up to a cliff rood and was Ticked up by a farmer's wagon. Ablla, the owner of the schorner.' was said to be a close friend of Carranza and was taking the vessel to Mexico for use In Carrunzaa service. 4 f f Vitrified Brick Pavements for Country Roads Filling the Joints. BANDITS WRECK TRAIN MEXICAN and Several Civilians Reported Killed, BrownsUlle, Texas. A south-bounpassenger train on the St. Louis, railroad Uroansvllle. tt Mexican Monday night was wrecked six and a half n.llcs from Broansvllle, supposedly by Mexican bandits, and the Three Soldier d and engineer, several passengers three United States soldiers were reported killed. The bandlta are reported to have been passengers" who. on arriving at O.mlte, began shooting at other passengers. They then set fire to the train. IAN HAMILTON RECALLED. Monro Carmichael Will Command 'Dardanelles Expedition. London. MaJ. Gen. Charles Monro has been appointed --to command the Dardanelles expedition. In succession to Oen. Sir Ian Hamilton, who la returning to Knglund to make a report. This announcement Is made by the war office. , Pending General Monros arrival at Car-lulch- el -- Gallipoli, MuJ. Gen. William Ityddel midwood will temporarily command the troops HILLSTROM MUST PAY PENALTY. Convinced Murderer Sentenced to be Executed November 19. Salt Lake City. Joseph lllllstrom, convicted murderer of J. O. Morrison and his son, the crime having been committed In Morrisuis store, was taken befoie Judge Ritchie on Monday and again aenteuced to death The date of the execution was fixed as Friday, November 19 lllllstrom showed little concern hen sentence was pronounced. WILSON TO SPEAK ON PLANS. l- -l ls.ol I Hkull 4 t 5- -- of ilrnry VII (UOverss ami Ueverso Century. Helmet. Mid. of Nineteenth Century. Seventeenth BOIBIU Cap, Ho. tele, Isle Hteel Hkull Cap, 1915 ARSHAL MAURICE of Saxe, writing In the middle of the eighteenth century, deplored the disuse of defensive armor as being the cause of large number of casualties In battle. He very truly observed that most of the wounds caused by spent bullets, sword, lance, or pike thrusts ould be minimised. If not prevented, by tbe use of some kind of metal protection. He does not suggest that Its weight and unwleldlness was any drawback, for he recommends a cuirass made of buff leather, with metal strips, weighing in all 30 pounds, as a very useful equipment, and he gives as his opinion that It was only the cost of armor which brought about lts disuse. From the middle of the sixteenth century there had been jmuch discussion as to the practical value of armor, and Sir John Sm the, writing in 1590, cites tbe death of Sir Philip Sidney from a spent bullet as a reason for adhering to the old fashions In nilllta'ry As early as 1569 armor was proved equipment bv m isket or pistol shot, and In 1590 Sir Henry i.oe. master of the armories, arranged a trial to determine therqspectlve merits of Shropshire Iron and Hungere or Innsbruck metal, with results disastrous to the homemade product. In the Verney Memoirs," under the date of 1667, we find that one Richard Hals proved his armor with as much powder as will cover tbe bullet In the palm of the band." It was this proof by musket shot, combined with the gradual decadence of the craft of the armorer, who had by this time lost the art of tempering hla metal, which produced the 'aceless and cumbersome equipment of the seventeenth century proqf against firearms. It is true, but so heavy and Inconvenient as to be entirely unsutted for extended expeditions, and for tbe new school of military tactics, The last relic of the complete suit of plate was the small crescent shaped gorget worn by infantry officers up to about the year 1830. Once this had been a practical protection to the throat, but latterly It shrank to a small plaque of brass, little larger than a regimental badge. Quilted armor, brlgandinee. and chain mall were occasionally used after field armor had been given up; but these were solely used against the attack of the assassin. Napoleon III Is said to have worn, a defense of msil; the cavalry of the Confederate army in the American Civil war favored a vest lined with plates of steel; and Ned Kelly, the bushranger of our own day. wore a helmet and" cuirass of bulletproof boiler plate. The thin stripe of steel used in the brlgandine were only of value against sword cuts, and It was for this purpose that they were employe In the "secretes" or hat linings, of which there are still large numbers in the Tower, and tn the hat of Bradshaw the regicide, in the Ashmolean museum. Oxford The modern FYench and German defenses of this nature would seemto be quite useless agalnkt, long range rifles For many years Inventors have brought forward contrivances, claimed to be bulletproof, which provided thrilling turns on the music hall stage, but none ever dared to face the service .rifle wearing their InAs has been repeatedly pointed but tn vention recent articles on this subject the only value of armor at the present day Is as a protection from glancing or spent bullets. It has no value whoever agalnst-the- . point Mack impact of a project -- Would Expend Billion Dollars In Six Years on Army and Navy. defense Washington- A national program that probably means an ex penditure on the army and navy of ti. warda of a billion dollars in the next six years w III be laid before the people by President Wilson November . when he goes to New" Tork to make his first public address since the scope of the policy upon which his administration has embarked became known. - Apologizes to the Dutch. Berlin The German government has apologized to The Netherlands government for Zeppelins flying over Dutch territory, according to a die patch from Rotterdam. Football Captain Fatally Injured. Moscow. Idaho. Floyd Gilbert, captain of the Orangeville high school football team, died at a hospital here broken neck, susMonday from tained in agarae at Nex Percef Satur' day. Strikers Reject Compromise. Schenectady, N. Y Representatives of the 13.000 employees of the trike voted unanimously to reject the. compromise offer made by George E. Emmons,' general manager of the Slant. Century Corset, Karly Eighteenth Century Chapel tie Fer, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century. t'lktnittii't lot Middle of Seventeenth Century. Ule, for, even If the defense Is not penetrated, th resultant shock is as serious as a bullet wound. It is therefore this glancing surface which should be studied If armour Is to have any Place in modern warfare, and metal of a high temper and light In weight ehoald be employed. It Is unthinkable that such defenses will ever be officially recognised, for. If Issued on a large scale, they would greatly Impede the mobility of troops already carrying more dead weight than did the soldier of the sixteenth century In his suit of half armor If such contrivances are purchased privately an exhaustive test should be Insisted uponrand proof should be recorded by some responsible body, as It was In the days of Charles 1. when the Armorers company of London were ordered to carry out such testa and stamp all armor that satisfied the conditions wfth their mark If these defenses are carelessly made of Indifferent material they will assuredly be far more of a danger than a protection It la Imposible to criticize the modern productions without seeing them In actual use in the trenches, but it would seem that the pistol shield bars la In direct opposition to the theory that the "glancing surface" ts of Importance, for here, wherever the bullet strikes. It will deliver the full force of Its blow and will not fly off at a tangent as It would from Henry VUIa ptstol shield which Is preserved ffi the Toweh. Tbe plain skull-caseems to fulfill the required conditions, except that It should be provided with a brim curving outward, like the chapel de fer of the sixteenth century. The FYench helme't appears to provide some lodgments for the bullet In tbe straight brim and high comb, but again it should be noted that it is Impossible to criticize practically until tbe de- - i fense la seen In action. ' Besides the ordinary body armor of the late i seventeenth century In the Tower collection there are a few Interesting specimens of siege Implements which were the precursor of modern contrivances. The chevaux de frlse of the days of Wellington are a series of ' sergeants' pikes joined by horizontal rods, and so arranged that they can be stretched across a road or the breach In a wall as a protection against cavalry tn anticipation of the present barbed wire entangl ment. The sappers mantels of leather and Iron have continued in use from the time of the Romans up to today, and the weighty trappings that were used in tbe middle of the seventeenth century show that even then armor was seriously used In the trench work. Several of the eighteenth century muskets la the Tower .of London have brass cups fixed to the barrel or butt frdm which grenades were thrown, a necessary precaution when the fuse used. was the slow match. Step' by step we can trace the evolution of military invention, and it la peculiarly Interesting to find that' today, tn the light of all our scientific knowledge aqd experience, we are suddenly forced back to mate use of appliances of four hundred years ago which we bad but recently stigmatized as relics of barbarism. The facts show that from the atone age onward armor never became extinct. It ban always been worn. At the present day, to be sure, it appears less for service than as a uniform of yhe bodyguard of royalty. And you recall that corselet and steel headpiece are stlR seen In St James park, or in Potsdam, or indeed In Republican wlth-cross- ed p lecturer cann6t be sent, however, the department will loan a set of suitable lantern slides to any responsible local association or individual who will pay the express charges. The only requirement is that the slides be made of active and practical use in the community and that they be returned In good condition in 90 days.' In addition, s brief outline of a lecture to accompany the slides will bs forwarded on request. In addition to this educational work the department is always ready to respond to requests for practical assistance which may take the form of special adTice and Inspection, superintendence of county roads, road sur' veys, experimental road work, bridge model of or a the work, development system of highways for a county. To obtain such assistance local authorities should secure a blank form from the office of public roads on which to Requests from France, where the tradition of the" bodyguard of make applications. the emperor still survives. But even these relics corporate villages or cities cannot be met, however. of ancient armor are known to be serviceable, Bridge work Is one brsnch of road saving many a guardsman from wounds of saber or lance or even high velocity projectiles when building in which the department may be of particular service to local austriking at an Tingle It is true that the disuse of armor followed the thorities. Typical designs have been invention of better grades of powder, but it must prepared and copies of these can be nevertheless, be remembered that, during the time furnished on request A few minor when armor was worn oftenest tn Europe, gunalterations would probably make such was in common powder use. During the latter a design suitable for special condhalf of the sixteenth century not only cannon bUt itions, or an engineer may be assigned to inspect the site and offer suggesguns and pistols were seen everywhere. Never theless armor continued to be used. - It was in tions. In some cases designs by bridge many cases the matter of expense which limited companies have been reviewed by the the wearing of armor; for in those days the coat department for the benefit of local ofof armor was high, very high. Clearly, ficials. a man would be less apt to wear a therefore, Possibly the most important way, good harness one which might have cost really the equiva- however, in which the department aslent of ten thousand dollars in the present pur- sists individual communities In the chasing power of money when thT protection it betterment of their roads is in laying gave h'm was not complete; he preferred then to out a model system of highways for a wear common heavy armor, and In the end to county which is about to expend a neglect wearing armor altogether. targiyu of money on roads. In such When he found that his enemy kept away from cases Ihe department assigns an enhim. the range of firearms increased. Later on he gineer to make a thorough study of took a chance of receiving a wound. the district. He ascertains where It was only during the Thirty Years war. say the best road materials are, what before 1650. that cheap armor of very great roads are the most important, and. weight almost intolerable came into therefore, to be Improved first, and general use. Then, too. one must remember that there provides for the location of each road was for a long time a feeling that armor was not ao as to secure the best possible drainheroic. Even in earlier centuries age and grade. many a distinguished officer thought It chivalrous to ra appear battle only partly armed. Jhus we read of hisNew Road Surfacing- torical personagea going Into battle with helmet It la visor raised, and of such a knight reported that an experiment errant as Sir made with a material which being Philip Sydney fighting bareheaded The feeling heretofore hss been a waste product of that It is discreditable to wear armor is strong glass factories, for This even at the present day. hardens is a that The reasoning runs. It thick, slrupy liquid cowardly to take an hen .exposed to the atmosphere, unfair advantage of an adversary. Surely a man forming a substance that somewhat wu!d not wear ohirt of mail; so why resemoles A quantity of thia should he be armored in battle, which is only a material Is glass. duel on a larger scale? mixed with crushed stoae-anused to surface a stretch of high Shields should be and are already In constant way in Illinois, forming a surface that ' 'l ay recallel the Japanese rede as is aa concrete. How thto smooth veloped this system effectively in their war with surface will stand Russia, especially in the capture of Two up under weather Hundred ind wear win be watched with Interand Three Meter hill." where 1 road-makin- Ut - they moved along Umes0nthfJhe adTancin infantrymen. In earlie. sometimes wore a flat shield SLt'Z '" COn8ider the to the commu Htv OD dier aUre,y 00 nation should afford protect him as best It can. The descendant, of an Individual may .mount oT.e I? -- T g. 1 mea It will certainly pay as a nation ment to use It The Of w,1,;ake a dred T Road Dragging. Good roads save money, because: "hey cheapen transportation to tha xarkets; they reduce the drain upon apital invested In horses; they pr to ent waste of . time, and time aoney; they add to the Joy of living nd Joy adds to the effectiveness of ; tfe; good roads may be bad by drag-ijtguse the drag. Sell Your Products. Sell your wool when the price Mriy good.- - Holding wool, or any crop, very long is risky bulano to : |