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Show THE WEEKLY REFLEX. KAYSVILLE. UTAH MAKE SURE OF EGGS Laws Governing Marketing of Food Products Demand It Behooves Quality ping - - Farmer to Test te Before Ship Practical Candler Is Easily Made. Evjry year the state laws govern- ing the marketing of food products are made thore stringent. It is becoming more and more unsafe for the farmer to market, unknowingly or oth erwlse, eggs of a dpubtful quality. It behooves the farmer to make sure of the quality of his eggs before marketing Jhera, writes F. V. up-to-da- - Grumbitr-Wiscrttmirr- - Agriculturist. The following description is of a practical egg candler, or tester, which may be easily made at home and which will show up any defects in an egg. Aside from the light used, which may be either oil or electricity, the cost complete need not exceed 30 cents, Irocure an ordinary cheese box and .reinforce the bottom wit h Inch boards nailed on the outside. three-quart- er 8aving of Thus and Labor la Ons of Most Important Location of Buildings. Holpa. team of brood mares A good lf WINTER GARDEN IN CELLARS re- Automatically Fed Device Is Protected Against Freezing Controlled by Give Milk Undesirable Flavor and Should Not Be Permitted to Grow In the Pastures. Durlsg - rainy seasons - the weeds often grow very rank In our pastures. The use of the mower once In a while will be a great help In keeping down the weeds, and giving the grass a ehanco to grow. Weeds give the milk undesirable flavor,, and should not be gRowed to grow In the pastures. f -- rer s BhUhHrAMi I i i H XT i 14 so-call- tpy r- - , t . HABIT 4 7 , t w I - 1, f f5f yw j not known to be free of mites should be Isolated the first few nights and al lowed to roost on new roosts wrapped with pieces of folded paper. The obi ject of using the paper Is to furnish a convenient place for mites to hide. The paper should be examined and it mites are found, the fowls should be kept on these roosts five or six days, or until no more mites come off the fowls. Removing and destroying the papers and treating the roosts thoroughly with kerosene or crude oil, will prevent an Infestation. 8praying Is Favored. Methods of combating this pest, as announced recently In Farmers Bui letin 801, Include petroleum or coali tar products. One of the most effecwood pretive sprays Is a server, consisting of anthracene oil with zinc chloride added. The cost of this spray Is about 81 a gallon, but twice the quantity may be obtained by reducing with equal parts of kerosene. so-call-ed PREPARE FOWLS FOR MARKET Pullets Want- ed for Winter Eggs Should Bo Separated and Fattened. , ' Is common bfcllef - soft-shelle- Do not discontinue feeding stroyed. them, as they arq au excellent source of mineral feed. Clean the nests and see that there is a'sufflelent quantity of' cut straw or 'chaff' in '"them for Besting. Darken the nests by hang-lu- g burlap curtains In front of them or face them so that the entrance Is from the side next to the wall. Make an Inspection of the droppings board at sunrise and remove any eggs JP,ilA.Phlhayj:egularlyandnrefulIy twice a da y and give them" tlrl n k' 'th'atjtndyfhave1 Qreppedduring the ' of water at noon . and care for the night. other stock In the same way, but It Precautionary Meat urea. pas. You will prosper and w e will As precacttonorynueasures supply win- the war. the hens with a sufficient number- of roomy nests. Feed an nmple amount, FEED NECESSARY FOR EGGS of clean, wholesome food In such a manner as to Induce exercise. Keep or in the Help Hens and Chickens Along by the hens bnsy on ( no dewill have so Them that Skim they Milk, Table yards Giving to be around the tests except sire - Waste and Grain. V- when laying. Put the nests about two Dont make the hens and chickens feet from the floor and use all posdepend upon just insects, worms and sible means to prevent the hens from weed seeds. Give them skim milk, laying on the floor or on the dropwhey, buttermilk, table and garden pings board. Pay heed to the action waste and grain. Feed them well, of the hens making careful observation of them at all times. s are increasing in prlca. , - - - - -- that the egg gains. eating habit among hens la caused by the absence of some element from the food, ordinarily lime or animal food. This Is. however, not the common cause, although it may be a caus- e- The habit usually starts in the spring during the heavy laying season or In the fall when the pullets are beginning to lay. During these two seasons there 'is a greater numd ber of eggs caused by the shell secreting portions of the oviduct failing to function in correlation with the other reproducing organs. Therefore from either cause the egg eating habit Is developed by bad man-- 1 agemeqt hr accident rRemeveJthe Cause. To correct this habit It Is notne essary to km the hen or to feed her eggs filled with gentian, or mustard, or ammonia, or other disagreeable substances. Remove the cause and the habit will soon be forgotten. If yolk of egg Is noticed on the beak or breast feathers of the hen, or if there Is a noticeable drop in egg production, or if there are signs of broken eggs In the nestsahd on thedrorping boar(r It Is time to be looking after the egg eating habit Nothing should be left undone to break the hens of this habit ImmeIf the hens diately upon discovery. are being fed the egg shells from the house make sure that the shells are crushed so that their Identity Is de- the-rang- ' F S' Fattening crates are usually made 6 feet long, 18 to 20 Inches high and 18 Inches wide. The crate Is divided Into three compartments, each hold lng from four to six birds, according to the size of the chickens. The crate is made of slats, usually Hi inches wide inch thick laths by will answer. Those in front are placed 2 Inches apart,' to allow the birds to put their heads through for feeding. The slats on the bottom are placed s Inch apart, to allow the droppings to fall through. Care should be taken not to have the first hot tom slat at the back fit too closely against the back or the droppings will collect and decompose. The slats ot the bottom --should be llneh..hyii Inch, and run lengthwise i. of the crate. The slats on the back and top are usually 2 Inches apart three-fourth- HENS ON WHEATLESS RATION Rasults of Experiments Wtth Pullets at Ohio -Agricultural Station Given Con-ducte- d . 20-ye- ar Over 8300,000,000 Expended for Construction and Maintenance in United States In 1916. More than $300,000,000 was spent on highway construction and maintenance in the United States In 1916. Of this amount 16 Southern states spent approximately $32,000,000. The state of California has voted $15,000,000 to be spent In perfecting the state highway system and not a single county failed to give the empowering measure a majority. Ohio Is talking of a $50,000,-00- 0 highway bond Issue and the state of niinois will put to Its voters at the 1918 election the question of Issuing $60,000,000 In highway bonds, the interest and retiring fund for which Is to be provided for by an increase In the motor vehicle registration fees. d d COLDS Use One Ounce of Copper Sulphate to Ten Gallons of Water or Potas- - slum Permanganate. e As a good preventive of colds In poultry, use copper sulphate one ounce to ten gallons of water or enough potassium permanganate to turn the water blue. Good ventilation and plenty of fresh air are essential In the hen house, but one should guard against drafts. . mdd a tahlespoonful of flour, and stir over the heat until well blended, then add a tittle cold TntlSr until Smooth,' n iTT then a pint of scalded milk which has been seasoned with a slice of onion, salt and paprika to taste. .When hot serve with toasted crackers or croutons. Peanut Butter Biscuits Roll out rather thin a nice biscuit dough, spread with peanut butter, roll up, cut in rolls and put to, bake In a greased dripping pan. Sprinkle the biscuits with a little brown sugar if desired or bake plain. For an emergency sandwich when on a trip, two slabs of sweet chocolate put together' with peanut, butter makes, a most sat' isfying meal. Luncheon Salad. A slice of tomnto on headlettuce, a few tips of asparagus, and over all a sprinkling of cream cheese put through a sieve or rlcer. Serve with mayonnaise dressing. Oatmeal. Muffins. Melt four tablespoonfuls of butter In a cupful of warm,, cooked oatmeal, sift together a fourth of a cupful of sugar, a cupful of flour, four teaspoonfuls of baking powder and a teaspoonful of salt, add the oatmeal, one egg beaten light, and a half cupful of milk. Mix thorough-- 1 iron ly and bake In hot gem pans for 25 minutes. , Orange Jelly Cut two oranges and one lemon In quarters, then cut each quarter Into thin slices, there will be a pint of fruit, over this pour three pints of water and let stand over night. The next, day let it cook until the peel Is very tender, then drip through a Jelly bag, pressing out nil the juice. Add two and a half cupfuls of hot sugar and cook5 until a jelly is formed. This will make three glasses. Add the peeling to one and a half cupfuls of sugar and a fourth of a cupful of water, simmer until all the sugar Is absorbed. This may be used for various puddings and as a garnish as well as a flavor for cake. pin-whe- el l I d 20-ye- When wheat costs more per pound than corn. It has little to commend It Manifest Advantage, as Well at Necesas feed for laying hens. Egg profor Good Roads Seems to sity ducing Is low and mortality Is high Bo Educating People. when wheat constitutes most of the Within very recent memory the exration. Fifty pullets fed a ration of 81 per pense of good roads has been bitterly cent corn with bran, oil meal and meat opposed by farmers. The Increasing scrap averaged 8325 eggs lu one year tax rate, due to many causes, has been at the Ohio agricultural experiment viewed with the greatest Alarm. Withrtstion. A second lot fed a similar in the last year, the manifest advan-tag-e ration except that. wheat replaced corn as well as the actual necessity, of laid 95 eggs per hen In the same time etter rural highways seems to be Four hens In the corn lot died and 2d gradually educating the public to the in the wheat lot , viewpoint that good roads are an acTwo lots' of 50 hens were 'fed these companiment to the changing times In rations a year later. The corn-fethe. agricultural world. The only queshens produced 2.843 eggs In 24 week9 tion now Is whether or not, with all and, alj Uyed, Thoe fed mainly wheat the vast sums expended for road laid only l,59d eggs la the same time roadi sooa and 22 died. 'mough. OF- - peaqut burier, himself that the policy of the state highway commission Is the correct one. Let us consider first of all the expensive type of road construction, such as concrete, or the best grade of macadam. This type of road will cost approximately 810,000 per mile, and let us suppose that the cost of construction is met by issuing 4 per-cebonds. The annual expense on account of this first cost would be about 8780 per mile. And these roads will need some maintenance, possibly not much over 850 per mile per year. This brings the total cost up to about 8830 annually per mile for the expensive or permanent type of road. Now take a It is easy to sit In the sunshine and gravel talk to the man In the shade. road and the cost for this road will It Is easy to float In the wall trimmed run about 84,000 per mile for conboat and point out the places to struction, figuring again on a basis of wade. But once we pass into the shadow per cent bonds and the we worry and fret and frown annual account for first cost will be And our length from the bank we about 8310 per mile. The" cost for shout for a plank or throw up our hands and go down. maintaining these roads. If properly done, runs up pretty high, qnd It can be well done' with an expenditure of HELPFUL AND ECONOMICAL about 8240 per mile per year. HINTS. This makes a total annual cost then for the surfaced road of approximateWhen clothing becomes shiny rub , ly 8550 annually per mile. .A compari- well with a piece of emery paper. Spots son of these two annual costs shows on .suede shoes may be $280 per mile per year lu favor of the removed with, emery pacheaper roads. When machine per. dull, needles become MONEY SPENT ON HIGHWAYS sharpen them by stitch- EXPEtfSEOriMPKOVEDROAD GOOD PREVENTIVE Peanut butter Is an Invaluable food, all ready to use, and new ways to combine it are spring- lng up every day, Peanut Butter Soup. Take three tablespoonfuls ", of. well-buttere- 6ood Road In West so-call- early-hatche- d ix It 4 nt All but Likely Looking El- A "TT HOUSE AT BELT8VILLE, MD. Chicken mites, the night pest qf poultry, may not always leave the fowls before daylight, as commonly supposed, but may remain In the feathers In such numbers as to make poultry possible carriers of this pest to uninfested places. This fact was brought out recently by an entomologist of the U. S. department of agriculture in the course of a study of the EGG EATIHG - - C yfstt-'j .t t GOVERNMENT COLONY . r -- Hog Watering Trough. State Agricultural lately concerning the policy of our state highway commission in constructing the kind of roads It has decided upon, and It Is pften argued that the only type of road Is the permanent road, the one that needs no maintenance. If one will take a pencil and do a little figuring, he can easily convince j --- 4 HOrSE. College, Fort Collins, Colo.) ha, ve heard considerable' discus- sion likely-lookin- Self-suckin- XEEP OUT INJURIOUS WEEDS (By E. B. The chicks are nearwrites C. J. Lynde In Farmers Mall ing the marketable stage. All but the g add Breeze. The cut shows a trough pullets, which It is deespecially adapted for hogs. It Is sunk STARTS III SPRING OR FAIL sired to retain for early winter layers, should be separated front the flock and prepared for market. To fatten them so that the muscles will Not Necessary to Kilt Hen or Food Her be soft and tender, they should be Gentian, Mustard or Other Disaconfined In small pens or fattening crates for two or three weeks before greeable Substances Provide Roomy Neata. they are killed and sold. Chickens weighing from three to four pounds (By It B. THOMPSON. Poultryman. New each, that are thrifty and of good Mexico Axrtculturzl College.) breeding, ehould make most profitable SELF-SUCKIN- As the hard work, eases up, on JhQ horses, cut down their feed accord tngiy. Other Types. t The Idea of this Invention Is to pr- Caused by Absence of Some ovided automatically fed trough that ement From Fowls Feed. will be protected agnlnst freezing, almost entirely In the ground and is fed by a pipe from below. This pipe Is controlled by a float Jralve. The trough has a cover, slightly raised above the water level and shorter than the trough.-'T-he space be tweeu the end of the cover and the try. Rhubarb and asparagus roots can wall of the trough - provides enough be forced Into growth, If vigorous roots room for the animals. The water conere taken up before freezing,. then al stantly comlngthrough the buried pipe low them to freeze and remain la that and- - the air space beneath the cover Vonditlon two weeks. prevents freezing. The device Is said Put them In boxes of earth in a cool to have proved successful In a temper- sellar, and they almostlmmedlately ature of 20 degrees below zero. to furnish a supply of beautiful begin G ly blanched stalks. A temperature of HARD TO CURE about 50 degrees Is desirable. Rhubarb will do well at even a low- Cows Having Acquired This Habit er heat, and darkness is desirable. WUI Get Around Almost Any If your cellar windows face the Means for Prevention. east and south they will be good places to grow lettuce that has been previousg is one of the worst hably started outside. Roots of parsley its a cow can have and one of the most taken from the garden will thrive and difficult to cure. Most cows that have furnish garnish for-- the whole., wlnlec's this-- habit will- - gvt around Almost any dishes. Chives will thrive and so will means for prevention except kept In a spearmint plants. It Is well worth stanchion, or tied with a short halter. Unless a cow Is especially valuable trying this fall.-that has this habit the sooner she Is SUGGESTIONS ON BEST FEED sent to the block the better. It is not caused by any lack of feed or substance In the ration' and cannot be to Laziness Form cf Mighty Expensive cured through feeding or any other Throw Corn on Ground Open is known of, A cow with the that way Shed Is Favored. habit always seems to retain ft. It saves a lot of work to dump the corn for cattle on the ground and let ATTENTION TO CALF . PAYS them dig It, out of the dirt for their convenience, but It Is a mighty ex- Rather Difficult Task to Feed Milk, Grain and Hay Regularly, but pensive form, of laziness. It le Profitable. An ..oponshcd with a dlrtfioor provided with troughs should It Is hard to feed calves their milk, always be a part of every ers equipment, Built and SatisfactdViFy Maintained at a Less Cost Than Can Be Float Vafve. X ROADS ARE CHEAP GRAVELED box-sta- ll During the winter several garden vegetables can be successfully grown In the cellar that will furnish fresh Supplies for the - winter table - when otherwise be a lux such thlngs-wou- ld d MORE GOOD THINGS. quires a considerable Investment, but It Is doubtful If any class of live stock Is capable of paying a better rate of Income. If, however, the mares should prove to be only every second-year- 5 breeders... the- y- would not be so profitable as If they brought colts each year. By breeding such mares in the fall one has a chance life history and habits of the chicken to average two colts in three years undertaken to discover principles mite, from each mare, which Is better than on which combative measures might getting only one colt In two years. be based. ' A report of the study, Oftentimes the mare suckling a fall which Includes much other Informacolt is not needed for work through tion of Interest to poultrymen, has Just the winter and the mare and colt can been as Bulletin 553 of the published run out through the day. Tfcls reThe Chicken Mite: Its lieves one of the necessity of having department Life History and Habits," by H. P, to keep the colt shut In a Wood. while the mare Is at work as in the Keep Out Serious Pest case with the spring colt. Also, some To prevent the Introduction of this stallions stand at a reduced fee In serious flocks by pest In mite-fre- e the fall. means of new stock, the specialist suggests these precautions: New stock GOOD COLD WEATHER TROUGH Many Vegetables Can Be Grown That Will Furnleh Fresh Supplies for Family Table. well-draine- this Is the Truth ms 1 see it; Whoever cries out for peace, Muet think It and live It and be It, And the wars of the world will cease. And PROFIT FROM MARES Doubtful If Any Class of Live Stock Is Capable of Paying Better Rats of Income. These may be left square or sawed around to conform with the box. This Is necessary to make the bottom solid enough to hold the 20d. spike which 4ft driven up through the bottom one Inch from the side of the box. On the point of the spike fasten the reflector, which is of Ihe ordinary kind used on oil bracket lamps. Directly opposite the center of the reflector and at the same height, cut a smooth round hole one and one-haInches In diameter. Around this on the outside tack a piece of thick leather cut to fit the hole. This wears smooth very shortly and shuts In all the light when an egg Is applied to the hole. If an oil lamp 4s used, a hole about three Inches in diameter must be cut In the top 6f the box, and over this an Inverted flower pot with a two-inc- h hole broken out of the bottom Bhould be put to serve as a sort of chimney. If two holes are desired so that a large number of eggs may be handled with more facility, It Is a Blmple matter to cut another hole. QWEPl Farm management problems aro among the most difficult which the farmer has to solve. Each crop grown Is a business "by Itself, and each class of live stock involves Its own peculiar dlffliraltles. It Is the task of the farmer to select and fit these business problems together so that they will work out without friction and with profit to thefafmer. Logically the farmer is fast coming to bA classed among the great business men of our country. One of the most Important things that the farmer has to consider Is the saving of time and labor, and In considering this he should consider the location of fences, gates and buildings. Jty properly incating. these he can save much time and energy In performing the regular work on the farm. On every new farm fences are being built, new buildings are being put up and new adjustments of fields are constantly being made ; consequently It Is well for every farmer to carry In mind, or even to diagram, plans for his farm outlay much In advance of his actnally handling the work. . MAKING Homemade Egg Tester. ihe larcnm HARD PROBLEMS FOR FARMER ing .once or twice through a plece'of or coarse emery paper. A hook and eye sewed at the bottom of a placket, then clamped with a tnckhammer will not come unhooked and will bear the strain without tearing the placket. A piece of gum camphor put away with the silver will keep It from tarfeishing. An electric fan placed In front of a radiator will by Its motion set the air circulating through the coils very sand-pap- er quickly The lower cellar stair as well as the attic stair may be made with a hinge and will make a fine receptacle for various necessary things. Do not put oil mops or polishing rags In such a tight place, as spontaneous combustiou may cause a serious fire. A clothespin Is a handy thin? to hold a hot dish while stirring on tha stovs. A clothespin bag with a clothes hanger for a top may be pushed along on the line and is always ready to use. A nutcracker may be used hs a wrench on' small cans and bottles as well s the nuts' on sewing machines and wringers. When using a patch on wall paper tear the patch Instead of cutting it; it will be less noticeable. . An eggshell with a pricked hole in It makes a very good funnel in an . piece jaf letter. rj'rcr emprgeney. rolled In the shape of a funnel will nNo serve nicely. Heavy wallpaper of a light color may be 'covered with catsomine of any special tint at very. expense. A paper or. wooden tub o bowl l best to use for washing dishes, as they ..-- A f are teas-- ' aptld'beiffickcdrbyt;- the sides. out- '.V eont Of white paint on the Work Drag After Ra'ns. those side of a screen door will There are many times (when a days on the outside from looking keep In- workman be spared oh th& road. After heavy rains the road may need certain repairs or Improvements when the overseer Is not ready to call out the hands. Why not Individual farmers donate a day work on the road at They Liked It such tiine? Jeff says he bought some powder i:o kill bugs on cabbage plants." Joy Ride to Town. Was It ft success?" A trip to town now to lay in the winYes, but not in the way Jeff ter supply of necessities. Is a Joy ride PP pected. He says after the first compared to what that same trip will cation tboe blamed bugs followed h fl he when the roads get mudlr. -- . |