Show SANITARY CLEANLINESS Health Protected by Screening Out the Flies By J. H. TV the Editor of the Your invitation to discuss the topic which I consider of paramount importance today in this sounds like a For what is real With most it is the with most it is the predicament in which they imagine with the-youth it is dancing or love but 1 with your obedient it is scientific cleanliness that insures Numerous forms of disease are bred only in filth and disseminated only because of a lack of due kinds of It is said somewhere that there three ways or degrees of being clean there is soap and water cleanliness the keeping clean of and window for the sake of the second kind is beauty cleanliness the washing of the house the or daubing of these exposed surfaces in various ways to strike the the third and real form of cleanliness is the scientific in by the use of the germs disease are destroyed or The kind last mentioned is the one that concerns all of us the other two are mere fads that occupy the attention of people at a certain stage of development and they possess no other than a sentimental value or in the scientific is the question that I shall open here by presenting only that phase of it which comes to my attention as a regular part of my class work in nature study at the The First The first and easiest step in sanitation is to screen the house-flies out of our houses and to prevent them from breeding about our stables and The fly tries to be clean but cannot rid itself of the numerous minute germs called which cling to the spongy cushions on its feet and to the hairy covering of its Every time a house fly crawls over our dining it leaves in its trail numerous germs too small to be seen with the unaided but potent for if they find conditions suitable for their Typhoid fever would be practically abolished by the in towns and of the breeding of the house fl and the latter task would be would cost little and entail but a trifling A recent lecture by Titus before the writer's class in nature study dealt chiefly with and was somewhat as follows What Flies All insects except flies have four wings occasionally The are the only two-winged insects they are the true They have sucking mouth and they pass through four though some of them lay larvae already hatched instead of Some other insects have two of the wings so small that they appear as in one of the Flies have a pair of knobbed projections called halters or instead of hind Flies comprise so many species that it is useless to attempt here to indicate their They are much and possess little of the beauty of butterflies and Though the crane flies and bee flies are attractive most of the species are not popular as subjects for Of No Use to Until quite the various flies were regarded merely as that nevertheless were beneficial as a because of their supposed services as Now it is recognized that entire groups are very The Hessian fly is one of the most famous crop enemies in the The house fly is the carrier of many especially of typhoid fever and Asiatic Anthrax js carried from diseased catie to human beings by the bite of the The which is likewise a or dipterous is the only means by which fever can be The tse-tse Ay of South Africa carries the germs of the sleeping sickness from the body of the crocodile to those of human and also cattle diseases from infected to sound The boMy of sheep often causes the death of the and those of horses and cows cause these animals A purulent disease of the eyes among the modern and the malady known as the in the have been shown to be carried by little The common house is probably the worst of human As early as 1864 Liedy attributed to its agency the spread of in hospitals during the Civil But its pernicious activity in conveying the germs of various diseases to the food which we eat is what makes domes-tica the worst enemy of The Little Fruit The flies we shall first notice here are those that frequent the These are chiefly of three groups vinegar stable and house or little fruit are or reddish flies found where fruit is being put up and especially where vinegar is forming from its They lay their eggs in the souring and may be found in the autumn about dishes containing and They are also to foul substances and so may carry The Stable Stable flies resemble house and are mistaken for About one in a hundred of the flies in a house may be stable This fly can or puncture the skin with its saw in order to suck up differing in this aspect from the house which cannot It is larger than the house fly and lacks any of the yellow color worn by the latter on the sides of the It differs also in its way of flying against a window it goes upward with its head against the while the house fly usually creeps up or flies Its bite is annoying to live it comes into houses just before a hence the old begin to bite before a The Common House flies comprise over 98 per cent of those found in They breed like the stable arid in the same places-m decaying animal and vegetable especially in stable manure and in other forms of They are rapid breed one female laying from which hatch into in eight they pass into pUpa in five and into adults in days so that a generation If them is produced in 10 days eggs are laid in horse manure quarter of a pound of which been found to contain pupae or Since the house fly breeds only in these its J is a simple If aj animal excrement about stables outhouses is put into a tight daily and sprinkled with chloride of the breeding of the insects u safely Typhoid Typhoid fever is our western disease It can be controlled and 90 per cent of it I vented by active measures against f the house The fever is never contracted unless a person swallows some of the typhoid which then breed in certain glands in the human intestine called I The germs live in the 4 t fluid secreted by these glands and destroy the nip- turing the smaller blood-vessels and 1 causing If they work into the outer covering of the larger blood-vessels are rup- F and the patient The germs pass out with the if not is Hk visited by these creatures do J pa not clean their feet sufficiently to m remove the numerous germs of all sorts that cling to but scatter them over everything upon which they When they go to the L food supplies upon tables and else- I they leave thereon the germs of nameless it may tut certainly of typhoid if they ij have had access to the sick room or to the refuse from When the germs are swallowed along k some of them may reach t er's glands and if they they A L develop and produce the For y avoiding typhoid fever the rules L Eat no fruits or food that jj has been exposed to boil water and accept only certified sterilized milk and with wire doors keep out all from the sick Though a pJ son may take the disease from pure milk or from water with typhoid yet the West it is the fly that is sible for nearly all our and for about 85 per C. TV also of the diseases of the Age tract in the sum- W Have x the red spots sometimes seen on the government i comforting to think that the is house fly has these parasites which 4 torment him Such retribution And there is another com-forting is house flies die of gus especially in the flies will be be- hind the picture frames or in rather dark covered with a 13 which is the manifestation of the fungus disease which has killed dead alts flics will be seen with their bodies swollen and appearing more or less These have been killed by lb another fungus Other Common or The blue-bottle fly or which is green or and larger than the house lays its eggs in a J any exposed It is easily kept jl out by |