Show t 1 y 17 Jre a t e n t e 1 h I w F v- v p. p 4 s a q tt Y 8 1 ds Birth trig of arh- arh Declaration 4 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Independence Y jJ 2 20 Is approaching to remind remind remind re re- mind us that this Is leap year a year of ot days Instead of hence Februarys February's 2 29 20 days Instead of ot Its usual 28 The reason for forthe forthe the tho extra day In the tLe month and the extra day In the year Is connected con with some tinkering with the calendar by several men away back In ancient times The first one ono to do It was the Roman em- em perlor Calus Julius Caesar who In 40 46 B. B 0 O. established established es a calendar on the basis of each solar year consisting of days and six hours But rather ratter than bother with the tho one-fourth one of ot a a. day each year rear the six lx hours were saved sa up and a whole day a added to every fourth year which was to be known as a leap year rear when presumably time timo leaped leafed ahead one day This calendar was defective for the solar year actually consists of days five fi hours and 49 minutes therefore Caesars Caesar's calen calendar ar was gainIng gainIng gainIng gain- gain Ing 11 it minutes on old Father Time every year So Augustus Caesar Julius' Julius successor tried his hand land at tinkering with the calendar and ordered that hat there be no leap year for 12 years Next tho the Pontiffs took a n hand In the matter by Inserting Inserting inserting In In- an extra day every ery third year Instead of every fourth y year ar and by lay the year rear 8 B. B C. C they had added 12 such days Instead of only nine When the march of time bi brought blOUght ought humanity down to the Sixteenth century It was as discovered that the tho year was ten da days s 's off orr schedule the spring equinox falling upon March 11 Instead of March 21 To correct this error Pope Gregory XIII In ordered that the year should consist consist con of days only with the extra day added every ery fourth year ear to make a bissextile or leap year In order to prevent further Irregularity It t was decided that a a. year ending a century should bo be bissextile only at the end of ot each fourth century In this way three days are arc saved In y years rs because the lapse of 11 minutes each year makes about three days duys In Inthe Inthe Inthe the period of four centuries So while It Is true that every year which Is divisible by four Is a leap year there Is tho the exception that a year which ends a century Is not a leap year jear even If It It Is divisible by four unless It If Is divisible dl by So 1600 was the last leap year of this character and the year 2000 will wiIl be the next one Now that we are started on another leap year will history repeat Itself and bring to pass events of great Importance as It has In the past For no less than four of ot the tho greatest events In American history took place during leap years the the discovery of ot America by Columbus In 1492 the landing of tho the Pilgrims In 1020 1620 the birth of ot Washington In 1732 and tho the signing of ot the Declaration of ot Independence In 1770 1776 In addition to these there have been a a. great number of other Important In our history occurring during leap year a aa a. witness tho the following following fol- fol fol lowing chronological record 1508 Thomas Thoma Thomas Aubert ubet sailed up the St. St Lawrence Law Law- rence ronee river Ponce 1512 l Ponce de Leon found Florida 1504 French 1564 French expedition built Fort St. St Carolina Caroline Caro Caro- line lina In Florida and tho the occupants were massacred massacred massacred mas mas- sacred by the tho Spanish 1508 The Tho The French took bade Fort St. St Caroline and massacred the Spanish lr Now 80 Now Mexico explored by a Spanish missionary mis mis- nU s. s Sir 1631 Sir Walter Vatter Raleigh explored Virginia and Virginia was named by Queen Elizabeth EUzabeth First 1612 l 1012 First bricks manufactured In America made In Virginia 1010 First First cultivated tobacco raised In Vir VIr- ginia 1020 Ninety 1620 Ninety young women sold In Virginia VIrginIans as ns settlers' settlers wives at pounds of ot tobacco each first cargo of ot negro slaves told rt at James James- town 1624 Dutch 1624 Dutch landed eight men to take possession possession posses posses- sion of New York 1 Salem Salem Mass founded by John Endicott 1632 1632 First First church begun In Boston King Charles gave Maryland to Lord Baltimore 1630 Bartford 1636 Hartford Conn and Providence R. R I. I founded as colonies Harvard university founded FIrst 1610 1040 First book printed In America at Cambridge Cambridge Cam Cam- bridge Mass the Bay Psalms Book 1 Three 1614 hundred Virginia settlers massacred massacred massacred mas mas- sacred by Indians 18 10 First 1618 First Instance of ot capital punishment for witchcraft In Massachusetts colony 1652 Swedes 1032 Swedes took Delaware from the Dutch 1030 First 1636 First Quakers came camo to America an and were expelled from New England 1004 King 1604 King Charles ba gave bae e his brother the Duke of ot York and Albany the grant known as ns New Jers Jersey British took N Net ir Amsterdam from the n R Rl l i t 5 i rA rAw w s s V VJ J s v 9 Landing of Columbus Columbus- Dutch and changed Its name to New York Maine 1068 Maine was organized under jurisdiction of Massachusetts 1 first permanent settlement made In Michigan by Pere Marquette at Sault Ste. Ste Marie Marle 1072 ParlIament 1672 Parliament Imposed first customs duties In n America first American whale fishery started from Nantucket 1070 Nathaniel 1670 Nathaniel Bacon rebellion In Virginia Colony Colony of ot New H Hampshire separated from Massachusetts Charleston S. S C C. founded The 1634 The French built a fort at Niagara Falls IG 1092 Twenty 2 Twenty persons killed In Massachusetts for witchcraft College of William WIlIlam and Mary foun founded ed In Virginia Cargo 1696 1090 Cargo of negroes from Africa sold In Rhode Island and Boston 1704 First 1704 First regularly published newspaper In America Issued the Boston News Letter New 1705 New York negroes plot to seize elze city and kill all whites several whites killed and 19 negroes convicted K 1720 FIrst 1720 First clocks Imported to America hour hourglasses hourglasses hourglasses glasses used before first Iron made In America at forge at Coventry Pa 1732 1732 Georgia Georgia chartered by the king last of ot the 13 colonies to be formed Augusta Augusta Ga founded first newspaper I printed In Virginia the Williamsburg Gazette 1740 South lUo-South South Carolina legislature prohibited teaching negroes to write I 1752 New 1752 New Year set at January 1 In English colonies heretofore beginning on March 25 23 1750 First 1756 First settlement In Tennessee I 1701 British 1764 British army under General Amherst I took Canada from the tho French 1704 Commons 1764 Commons voted It had bad the right to tax the American colonies without representation Louisiana given to Spain by France 1708 Boston 1768 Boston Instituted an embargo on British goods British troops occupied Boston 1772 FIrst 1772 First umbrella Imported to America at Baltimore from India burning of ot British ship Gaspee 1770 1776 Washington's Washington's victory at Trenton first permanent settlement In California Yerba YerbaBuena YerbaBuena YerbaBuena Buena on the site of San Francisco 1780 1780 Benedict Benedict lct Arnold went to the British as asa asa i a traitor and Andre British captured and executed executed executed exe exe- as a a. spy first buildings erected at Cin CIn- FIrst 1784 1784 First slavery antislavery law In Connecticut gradually abolishing slavery ship Empress of I China of ot Boston sailed from New York on first voyage direct from United States to China first dally daily newspaper In America Philadelphia the Pennsylvania Packet and General Advertiser New 1783 New federal Constitution adopted In all states states' but Rhode Island and North Carolina 1792 First 1792 First Republican party organized later to become Democratic party headed by Thomas Jefferson Washington re-elected re President Tennessee 1790 Tennessee admitted to Union Cleveland Cleveland Cleveland Cleve Cleve- land foun founded led 1 Constitution amended to provide modern modern modern mod mod- ern method of electing President ent and Vice Pres Pres- ident Law 1808 Law halUn halting Importation of ot slaves In n effect January 1 steamboat Phoenix built bum b by John Stevens went vent from New York to PhIladelphia Philadelphia Philadelphia Philadel PhIladel- phia by sea first steamboat to make an ocean trip In the worl world 1812 War 1312 War with England Louisiana admitted as a n state first cotton mill at Fall FaIl flyer Elver Mass 1810 Indiana ISla Indiana admitted as a state first savIngs savings sav say sayings ings banks founded In United States at phia Boston and New York Slave Sla Slave trading by citizens of ot United States forbidden by y congress under penalty of ot death andi anding of the I pilgrims pilgrims- e r b lj Lo 20 I Great National road first federal i h completed completed completed com com- from Cumberland to fo Wheeling built In 14 years at cost of ot 1824 Lafayette 1824 Lafayette visited United Staten StateD slave trade treaty signed with England first piece of made machine-made flannel In world manufactured manu manu- manufactured In Massachusetts 1828 Protective 1828 Protective tariff raised as i big Ig Issue first time In United States first trl trip trail In United States by a a. locomotive on a railroad 1832 First 1832 First rebellion of ot a state against the United States and first declaration of ot secession by South Carolina over the tarl tariff source of the Mississippi river discovered first application application application cation of ot chloroform by Inhalation 1830 Texas 1836 Texas rebels from Mexico and the massacre of the Alamo takes place first astronomIcal astronomical astronomical astro astro- observations made In United States Adams 18 1840 Adams Express company founded first successful daguerreotypes made In New York Chesapeake and Ohio canal completed from Georgetown to Cumberland miles mUes at cost of ot 1844 1844 Morse Morse Introduced magnetic t telegraph and Charles Goodyear first vulcanized rubber first American newspaper on Pacific coast printed print print- ed at Oregon City 1848 Treaty 1848 Treaty of peace with Mexico United States gaining hu huge e territory gold found In Sacramento Sacra mento valley California 1852 Telegraph 1852 Telegraph fire alarm system Invented and Installed In Boston manufacture of ot galvanized galvanized gal gal- Iron begun In United States at Philadelphia Philadelphia Phila Phila- delphia first railroad from the East built Into Chicago the Michigan Southern railway 1850 F First First passage of a a. vessel from the Great Lakes Milwaukee ee to Europe via Ia Wellington Welling Welling- ton canal first wooden paving payIng laid In United States at Chicago Bessemer process of steel making maltIng proven Lincoln Lincoln elected determining circumstances circumstances circumstances circum circum- stances of ot the Civil war South Carolina legIslature legislature legislature legisla legIsla- ture con convened ened Just before tho the election and called a convention which passed a secession lavon law lav lawon lawon on December 20 first wild oil speculation caused by discovery of oil In Pennsylvania first pony express completing Journey from Missouri to San Francisco In nine days Shermans Sherman's 1804 Sherman's Shermans march from Atlanta to the sea sea Adm Admiral ral Farragut block blockades des Mobile Earlys Early's raid to within seven miles of ot Washington postal money order system put I Into to effect sorting of ot mall mail In transit In railway mall mail cars first put Into effect Lincoln re 1808 President 1868 President Johnson charged for Impeachment Impeachment impeachment Impeach Impeach- ment and tried the senate voting him guilty by 35 to 19 10 but the action falling for lack of ot constitutional con majority 1872 Boston 1872 Boston fire loss 1870 Centennial 1570 Centennial of ot Independence celebrated at nt Philadelphia at cost of ot Custer battle battlo In Montana International 1850 International postage rate of ot 5 lS cents an ounce adopted discovery of ot gold at Juneau Alaska 1 Greely 1854 Greely Arctic party survivors rescued by Commander Schley's relief expedition 1888 President 1885 President approves ChInese exclusion bill works on theology and religion published published pub pub- In United States this year 1892 Grover 1892 Grover Cleveland elected President Homestead steel strike and riots In Pittsburgh Election 1890 18 1890 Election a of ot President McKInley Utah a admitted to the Union 1004 Theodore Theodoro Theodore Roosevelt elected President ent Louisiana Purchase e exposition at St St. Louis Formation mOS Formation of ot Progressive party under leadership of noose Roosevelt elt William H. H Taft elected President 1912 Woodrow 1912 Woodrow Wilson VIlson elected President admission admission admission ad ad- mission of ot Arizona and New Mexico to the 1910 Raid 1916 Raid by Pancho Villa followed by Inva Ima Invasion invasion sion of ot Mexico American by troops federal reserve reserve re re- re- re serve act passed Woodrow Wilson e re 1920 Warren 1920 Warren G. G Harding elected President resl nt Nineteenth amendment to the Constitution pro claimed 1924 Calvin 1924 Calvin Coolidge ge elected President ent first airplane trip around the world 1928 Herbert 1928 Herbert Hoover elected President j Kel KellogS' KellogS Kel Kellogg Kellogg logg logS war antiwar treaty signed In Paris 1932 1932 1932 1 m by br Western Welte Hews Hews' N pap r Union w Jf |