Show 0 y k I sty fi b 4 N r t Yok a a 3 Two Canadian TImers Old With a Seasons Season's Catch of Beaver and White Fox Prepared by the National Geographic Society Washington D D. D C. C Service ITH new regions being W WITH opened by new roads raIlroads railroads railroads rail raIl- roads and airplane routes Canada reports an nn Increase of nearly neaily one-fifth one In population darIng during during dur dar ing the past decade According to toa toa toa a recently completed census there are Inhabitants in the Dominion Do Do- minion The Tile story of the discovery exploration exploration atlon settlement and development of Canada from the days of Jacques Cartler Cartier 1534 Samuel de deChamplaIn deChamplain ChamplaIn 1603 and ond Henry Hudson Hudson Hudson Hud Hud- son 1610 down to the advent adent of the he railroad In the middle of thelast the last ast century Is iss Is one of travel by sea river and lake Inke The Tile waterways of Canada provide provIde provide pro pro- vide easy access to the heart of f the continent Near Nearly y half the area of the Dominion e. e excluding for the moment the District of Franklin comprising the Arctic Islands Is Is drained Ined by majestic rivers on rivers on the the AUa Atlantic tIc coast the St. St Lawrence on Hudson bay the Nelson and on on the Arctic the Mackenzie No great natural l obstacles s divide these rIv river r basins and passage from one to another another nn- nn an an- other Is easily made by short portages port port- ages Until the railways were built settlements settlements set- set and commerce were largely largey large- large ly y confined confine to the Ue seacoast and the territories adjacent to the great grent rivers and la lakes es of the Interior The age of railway expansion followed the confederation of the colonies of British North America Into the Dominion of Canada and made possible possible possible pos pos- sible the settlement of the extensive extensive exten exten- sive s1 farming districts of the prairies prairies prairies ries of that region hitherto without without without with with- out access to any noy market Airplane Being Used During the past decade a n widely extended use of the airplane has been developed In the remoter parts of the dominion where modern facIlities Inch Inch- Sties for travel are nonexistent and the he alternatives are the canoe In summer and the dog team In winter Its use by foresters for fire patrol and timber cruising Is now well establIshed established es- es while the modern surveyor survey survey- or with his aerial camera fi flying to feet above the ground produces a n complete photographic photo photo- photographic graphic record of the c country for many many miles on each each side of ot his line Une of flight from which can be plotted with simple traverses on the ground for control all aU the natural features of the region Regular air all routes between large Canadian cities are In the making That phase of development de must necessarily be slower than In Europe Europe Eu Eu- rope or the United States where the he population Is denser the traffic heavier and climatic conditions less severe The greatest percentage of Increase increase increase In in- crease in population shown by the census was In the province of British BritIsh Brit Brit- ish sh Ish Columbia where there are nearly neary near near- ly y one tl third one more Inhabitants than thann there were ten years ago ngo Ontario and Saskatchewan provinces Increased increased In In- creased by more than one Ottawa Montreal Toronto Torono Winnipeg Winnipeg Win Win- Vancouver er and Hamilton are arc cities of population Ottawa Is the capital of the Do- Do Do Do- minion Queen Victoria was well advised when she named By- By Byi i town as ns It was as then called the seat o of government go after confederation confederation con con- fe federation in 1807 1567 Few capitals have ha a finer natural location The houses of parliament nn and surrounding surrounding surround surround- ing government o offices are built on ona ona n na a high bluff on the south ba bank k of I Ithe the Ottawa river rl just below the I Chau falls faUs t. Rivers and Canal at Ottawa To ro the north forested forestall spurs of the Laurentian mountains extend almost almost al nl- al- al most to the river rIer bank while on the sl side e of the tile river the city Is surrounded by a fine farming country Since the days of Champlain Champlain Cham Cham- plain the Ottawa river has been th the main highway from the sea to the West Permanent settlement In the district however howe only began began be be- gan In the first decade of the Nineteenth Nineteenth Nineteenth Nine Nine- century After the War of 1812 1512 the British goY government lookIng ooh look I Ing InS for a n. n strategy route from the sea to the Great Lakes which would avoid the International waterway of f th the St. St Lawrence Laurence e decided on the construction of the Rideau canal which would give g an alternative wa wa- i I I ternay from Montreal to Kingston Kingst n on Lake Ontario The canal was built by the royal engineers In n the third d decade of the thelast thelast last century and is still In use a n monument to their skill and work work- manship With the opening of the canal the little settlement grew In Impo Importance tance and was called By town after Colonel By commanding the royal engineers It soon became the headquarters of the thriving Ottawa Ottawa Ot Ot- Ot- Ot tawa valley lumber Industry Beautiful driveways and natural parks line Une the banks of Ottawa's rivers and canal and though it Is essentially a n cit city of homes many Industries congregate there attracted attracted at at- by the che cheap p water wate power developed by Chaudiere falls The original parliament buildings were burned In H 1910 G. G A magnificent Gothic structure has risen on the theold theold theold old site crowned by a central spire Victory tower feet high built to commemorate Canadas Canada's part Inthe in inthe inthe the World war Montreal the largest of the he Canadian Canadian Cana Cann- dian c cities Ues was desolate St. St Lawrence Lawrence Law Ln rence river bank banle years ago ngo It was first visited by Jacques Cartier Cartler the first s settlement on the site rose In 1042 Few cities clues have hae greater natural advantages At ti the e head of ot ocean navigation yet almost 1000 miles from the Atlantic it isa Isa is isa a natural gateway f for r the thc commerce commerce commerce com com- merce of the continent Her merchants merchants mer mer- chants have hae not been slow tl to take advantage of the situation Unlimited Unlimited water power drives her IndustrIes IndustrIes' Industries Industries' industries industries' Indus Indus- tries' tries wheels Next Neat to Montreal ranks Toronto capital city of the Province of Ontario Ontario On On- tario the m most st thickly populated province of ot the Dominion Nearly third one of the Dominions Dominion's Inhabitants InhabItants live v Ontario's borders Toronto Is a worthy worth T capital of a n great province a financial and Industrial Industrial industrIal In in- center and the seat scat of the largest university In Canada For n next t largest city one must j jump mp half balf way across the Dominion DomInIon Do Do- Dominion minion to the distributing ing cent center r of western Canada and as ns It were were the neck of the bottle where the trie railway lines lInes lInes' converge Although slightly more than a century century century cen cen- tury old its rapid growth has taken place during the past two genera genera- U ns Now It Is a n city of fine streets v well timbered parks and beautiful driveways along the A As- As and Red ned rivers Two Big Cities In the West Vancouver with Inhabitants inhabitants Inhabit inhabit- ants and mid VI Victoria orin are in the spotlight spotlight spot spot- light among th the leading lending cities of the Pacific coast const Victoria clinging to the the southern end of Vancouver Island Island island Is Is- land Is Is the first city of the province provI I lace Inc of British Columbia It was I fir first t settled settle in 1842 1542 by the governor governor gov gov- of the Ilu Hudsons Hudson's sons son's ll Bay y company It Is perhaps aps the most English town to outside of England Its situation Is delightful and the absence of the rush and bustle of other western cities clUes its beautiful gardens fine bull buildings drives and splendid cI climate climate cli cli- mate all nIl lend It an attraction for those who wish to lead lend a n quiet out- out of-doors of life and esc escape pe the rigors of the Jhc sterner climate of other Inces Esquimalt the naval base situated in a n nearby bay Is of Importance Importance importance Im im- strategically and the headquarters headquarters head head- quarters of the noY Royal ll Canadian NO Navy NOy y and ond Imperial fleet on the Pacific Pacific Pa Pa- coast Vancouver contrasts sharply with Victoria It Is the metropolis of the Canadian Pacific coast const a n thriving thriving ing Ins city still In the making each year increasing Its Importance A AI I generation ago ngo tall pines nines grew crew where It stands In 1 1923 23 Its shIpping shipping ship shIp- ping trade was second only to that of Montreal With the wealth of mines mines- timber mines timber fisheries and agriculture agriculture agriculture ture not only ot of British Columbia but of the western prairies behind It l It cannot be otherwise than one of the great trading ports of the world It Is the terminus of or two major railway s systems stems of Canada Just under the Ule population mark Is Quebec which no narrative of ot the Dominion falls fails to mention No city of the world has a n more romantic romantic ro ro- ro- ro mantic mantle history than the old French capital nestling below the cliffs of ot the Citadel and the Plains of Abraham Abraham Abra Abra- ham where was finally de decided In 1759 1750 the great great- struggle between France and England for supremacy In the western hemisphere phere |