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Show Fish Lake District By WILLIAM C. UTLEY GEORGE Vs silver now at its height In has formed an In- KING nocent, if tution for propagandizing the unity and extent of the British Empire. No one, certainly, questions its extent. But there are those among the political economists of the day who at least suggest that the g realm shows signs of breaking apart, and when the real test conies. If It ever does, they may be right, Recent developments In South Africa have again made people ask whether the British Empire Is breaking up," writes Fred Clarke, English educator and former representative of the Union of South Africa at Geneva, in Current His"Without attempttory Magazine. ing to answer that question, one can have no doubt as to the importance of the status of the Union act, which received royal assent on June 22, 1034. This new law has a bearing on the whole future of British Imperial unity. The status act contains the first definite official reference of the crown to the union as "a sovereign Independent state." Its accompanying seal act gives the exclusive right of use of the Great Seal and Little Seal, heretofore held by the king, to the South African ministers. For more than a quarter of a century South Africa, politically, has been torn bitterly between two political factions as directly opposed as our New Dealers and rugged individualists. They were led by General Smuts, right-hanman of General Botha In the Union government which arose a few years after the South African war, and General Ilertzog, a minister in the Botha cabinet who was removed In 1012, two years after the cabinet was formed General Smuts and his faction openly considered the Union a definite part of the empire, with British civilization and culture dominant. Ilertzog sympathizers held out against the complete social, cultural and political domination of the Boer population by the British, and have always striven to make the Union a separate and Independent nation. The present status of the Union has been effected as a sort of political compromise between the two generals and their respective parties. The Union Is undeniably Inaldependent now, with, merely legiance to the crown the string politically tying It to Great Britain. And the two parties have fused Into world-wide- National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart Insti- , National Press Building Washington. Back In 1916 before United States became involved In the World war Public Debt our government had a national debt which Mounts was regarded a s large at that time. It was only $1,200.000.- 000, but that was sufficient In those days to cause concern. On the first of July, 1935, the treasury started a new set of books. This represented the beginning of a new financial year for the government One of the items it had to enter on those books was a public debt of about $28,- 800.000.- 000. We of today think that is a huge debt and when it Is compared with the outstanding obligations of the federal government a score of years ago Its magnitude seems titanic. When the treasury closed the fiscal year books on June 30 and counted the cost of the preceding 12 months of government It was found that there had been expended roughly $7,300,000,-00In the same period It had collected through income and other forms of taxes, Including duties laid at the customs houses, a total of approximately $3,800,000,000. This means that In the last 12 months the government operated with a deficit of something over $3,500,000,000. In other word3, Its operating costs were virtually double the amount of revenue It received. Thl3 deficit together with the deficit that was created during the earlier months of the Roosevelt administration added something like $8,000,000,- 000 to the national debt President Hoover while In office added about to the national debt through deficits In the last two years of his administration. So there are two outstanding phases In the financial affairs of the federal government as It starts the fiscal year of 1936, which began July 1. There Is bred these questions: How long can the federal government continue to Spend money like water and thus Increase Its public debt, and how long will the American people continue to permit expenditures by their government In excess of the revenues It collects? They are related questions. Neither can happen without the other. But It seems to me that the time has come for taxpayers and voters generally to take note of the condition of the govthe- far-flun- Tills fat one of n series of articles to appear In this newspaper, sponsored by the Sait Inke Advertising Club, associated civic clubs of southern and central Utah, and chambers of commerce; part of a program to point out Utah's resources so that locad people will "Know Utah Better" By AMOS JENKINS Two hundred miles directly south of Salt Lake along concrete and Improved highways lies Fish lake. Situated 8,900 feet above sea level, this little body of water Is nestled near the heart of a series of mountain ranges which form one of the most picturesque scenic and pleas-ur- s areas In western America. Fish lake itself is a veritable paradise for the trout fisherman, while the territory surrounding it offers the tourist and sightseer a delightful retreat from a hot summer sun. Deer and other game are plentiful In the district, and though the territory in the immediate vicinity of the lake is Included in a game preserve, hundreds of hunters each year bag their buckskin in the forests outside the reserve. If you plan to be among the 60,000 people who will visit Fish lake this season, here are some brief directions on how to get there. Out of Salt Lake take TJ. S. highway 91 through Provo to Neplii; turn on to U. S. 189 and travel to Gunnison, At Gunnison you get on U, S. highway 89 and follow It to Sigurd, and from there the lake Is reached by traveling over Stale highway 24 to the Plateau reservoir and over State highway 25 from the reservoir to the lake. You will then Lave traveled an exact distance of 192 miles. The lake stretching out before you is a mile wide, six miles long and as much as 150 feet deep. Youll find that Fish lake Is properly named. It is well stocked with six different variety of trout, including eastern brook, rainbow, steelhead, and mackinaw. Some members of the last two families are becoming very large, and you may be lucky enough to experience the thrill of a battle with 10 or 20 pounder thats game every Inch. In the spring and fall the trout go up Twin, Doctor, Anderson and Jorgensen creeks for spawning, providing a picturesque sight because of their great numbers. If you're on hand, you might be able to spot the big follow that "got away" and retrieve your leader or copper line. The Fish lake area la well provided with accommodations. There Is a $70,000 lodge at Twin creek and other hotels at Lake Side and Doctor Creek, supplying hotel service, and at all of these places there are housekeeping cabins for rent, with commissaries nearby where food supplies, fishing tackle, etc. are obtainable. On the northwest side of the lake there are many ideal camp grounds, reserved for public use, and In other sections plots may be leased from the Fish Lake National Forest service on which to construct private homes. From Fish lake proper there are a dozen or more trips to make for those who would sight-seand commune with nature unspoiled by civilizations touch. Seven Mile creek is north of Fish lake and meanders through one of the picturesque mountain valleyB of the state. It heads on a plateau some 11 miles long and more than 11,000 feet above sea level. This Is a haven for mule deer and an Inspiring retreat for the horseback tourist. Mount Marvin, 11,600 feet in elevation, is east of Seven Mile vala clear day, a person can see Into seven ley, and from its peak-ocounties of Utah. Within the Fish Lake National forest and in the same general district as the lake, are Maple Grove camp grounds, located at the base of Pioneer mountain, 20 miles west of Salina, and Adelaide park, near the mouth of Corn Creek canyon, six miles east of Kanosh. Both places make Ideal picnic and outing spots. In the same district Is Puffer lake, another haven for fishermen. This lake, 9,000 feet above soa level, is situated 20 miles east of Beaver, hear the headwaters of Beaver river. The area around the lake supports a good stand of spruce timber and has many beautiful camping places and a cool climate even during the summer months. Campers quite frequently make horseback rids to Mount Holly, Delano and Belknap peaks, from which views of most of central and southern Utah can be had. Delano, with an elevation of 12,162 feet, and Mount Belknap 12,131 feet high, are among the really high peaks e large-antlere- d of Utah. The Beaver district of the Fish lake forest Is noted for its large herd of mule deer, estimated at more than 7,000. Along the main highway from Beaver to Tuffer lake, large numbers of deer can be seen almost every morning and evening except during the open season. Nearby is Oak Creek canyon, a recreational area four miles east of Oak city, used largely by people residing at Oak city, Leamington, Lyndyll, Delta, Hinckley, and Oasis. Chalk Creek canyon, east of Fillmore; Meadow Creek canyon, east of Meadow, and Maple Hollow east of Holden, are increasing In importance each year as recreational areas. Much credit for the accessibility, preservation and sport value of this great recreational area Is due the Fish Lake National Forest service. This organization has supervised and sponsored development of recreation grounds, installation of sanitary garbage disposal facilities and done much to keep the area from becoming too civilized. SALT LAKE CITY, UT. d one. They Get Together. General Ilertzogs nationalist party, which was In power In 1931, preferred to keep South Africa on the gold standard, believing that England had stepped off only temporarily, and that maintaining the standard would help to stabilize a leading Industry of South Africa, Other Interests sufgold mining. fered badly, and General Smuts South African party accused the Incumbents of pampering the political Interests always prone to take the opposite line from the empire, jeopardizing the Interests of the Union In general thereby. It was conceded that If General Smuts could force an election at that time, he would have more than an even clmnce of winning, but that he could not do so without stirring Sev- eral intermountain states will Intermountain News benefit, if approval is given to a new group of applications for alBriefly told for Busy Headers lotment of works funds totaling TO BUILD HOSPITAL $6,558,954 made public in WashTOREST FIRES SCARCE ington by the division of applications and information. An alSTATES WILL BENEFIT lotment of $88,836 is asked for PREDICT GOOD HARVEST combining radio facilities so as to provide stand-bequipment Tax ST. ANTHONY, IDA. at 57 including Salt Lake collections received in Fremont City, airports, Boise, Elko, lieno, Rock county during June totaled Springs and Cheyenne. y $107,-621.9- 0, according to Mrs. Neil Schreiber, county treasurer. This is an increase of approximately $26,000 over June, 1934. BOISE, IDA. L. G. Schultz of Boise, federal inspector of Idaho announced produce shipments, that inspections made under his direction during the year ending June 30, totaled 30,787, compared with 32,687 carloads for the previous year. The decline of 1900 carloads was due to the light apple crop and to the poor quality of potatoes. BOISE, IDA. Forest conditions in the Boise National forest are better than usual and fire hazards are almost at a minimum. A. L. Moats, executive assistant of the Boise National forest service s'd. Out of nearly 2,000,000 acres which the forest includes, only 23.80 acres have been razed by fire since January 1, the regular ten day report of the office showed. TWIN FALLS, IDA. Forty directors of Twin Falls, Buhl, Filer, Murtaugh and Rock Creek and other districts, highway Twin Falls county highway districts to advance widening U. S. highway 30, or the old Oregon Trail highway, from 18 to 30 feet through the county. POCATELLO. IDA. Continuing the policy of the Idaho state in highway highway riepartn-- nt district No. 1, of which A. D. Stanley is engineer, points of intern t along the Yellowstone highway ninth of here are to be designated. OGDEN, UT. All varities of crops in this district are progressing very satisfactorily through the growing season, and hold promise of the best harvest in a decade, reports LeRoy Marsh, district inspector. agricultural Peaches are doing fine with an abundance of water and no insect trouble of any consequence. This district will have a full peach crop this year. FORT HALL, IDA. F. A. and Dr. Gross, superintendent, Frank A. Nelson, physician, of Fort Hall Indian reservation, have made application to Washington, D. C., for funds from the PWA for construction of a new and modern hospital. Tentative hosplans provide for a pital constructed of brick and stone. Plans call for private rooms, isolation ward, nursery, and modern surgical facilities. BOISE, IDA. Since the first state liriuor store opened in Idaho April 29, 1935, it and 24 others that have been established since, have done a gross business of $312,651, it was shown in a statement made public by Mr. M. B. Yeamnn, commissioner of the state liouor control board. Bids on four BOISE, IDA. construction projects highway which will co:t approximately $300,009 and provide employment for 500 men were rcouested in notices of letting released at the office of G. E. MeKehey, Idaho cnmmUsioner of public works. 35-b- up the smoldering embers of racial conflict between Boers (or, rather, the present (lay Afrikaanders) and Britons, an animosity that had been admirably subdued In the preceding decades by wise government To youth of South Africa really goes the credit for coalition. Young men of both parties know the sentimental and romantic racial dissensions merely as historical traditions, not as real loyalties and convictions. It was they whose Insistence that these differences he wiped out once and for all impressed the nntion with the necessity for taking up the real business at hand that of administering good government As a result of the coalition, the status act satisfactory In the main to both parties, was effected. Boers In Opposition. The Boer In South Africa hns l out polong opposed the litical dominance of the Union by Iaindon, as promised by the Briton, for fear of losing his Identity. South Africa Is a region of two separate and powerful cultures and Its people speak two languages. There Is, of course, the English with which we are more or less fa out-am- was the executive head of the Brit ish Empire, and that he could act as he saw fit In case of a crisis, In order to keep the realm from falling apart General Smuts was able to convince his followers that for centuries no such prerogative, If there was one, had been exercised, and that the question was not one of law, but of politics. Of course, what the economists who cite the status act as evidence that the British Empire is disintegrating fall to show Is that political power or legal pow'er are not the real bands which hold the Empire together. Experience has taught ns that In time of war nations do not act on the literal Interpretation of the law. The ties that bind are more substantial. In the case of the British Imperial Dominions they are the advantages of free trade within the Empire and the protection of the British fleet. The Union of South Africa would be an easy mark Indeed for an invading force were It not for the protection ,of the greatest fleet in the world. It Is extremely doubtful that the Union would ever want to forsake Further removing British polit- such a protection. With Its constitutional status now ical dominance from the Dominmore clearly defined than ever beions was the Statute of Westminster, which wa3 passed by the Brit- fore, the Union of South Africa Is ish parliament In 1931. It closely ready itself to begin expanding. It would like to annex the adjacent allied the constitutional developof Bechuanaland, ment of the other Dominions of the protectorates Empire with that of the Union of Swaziland and Basutoland, which South Africa. The Balfour declaration and the Statute of Westminster are masterpieces of phraseology which carried soothing balm to both South African factions. The Status act Is the application of them to the South African constitution. Two Important concessions are made to the Dominions In the Statute of Westminster, It gives the Dominion government power to amend, repeal or modify any British act which has been Incorporated In the law of the Dominion. It further states that no British law may be applied to any Dominion unless that Dominion has requested the application and conmiliar. And there Is the Dutch offspring, Afrikaans. The New Deal for South Africa pacifies both factions by fostering both cultures. Education Is administered in both. Newspapers and magazines are published In both languages. Poetry, novels and technical works have appeared In Afrikaans, and now there is even a carefully made translation of the Bible In that language. ' That the status act, with Its admission of South Africa's virtually absolute Independence, applies as well to all of the British Dominions, is Implied In the fact that It Includes In Its preamble the Balfour declaration obtained by General Hertzog when he headed tha Nationalist government In 1924. This calls the Dominions "autonomous communities within the British Empire, equal in status. In no way subordinate to one another in any respect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. sented to It Really Independent The status act Itself declares that no British legislation shall be considered In effect In the Union of South Africa until It Is by the South African parliament. The chief executive" Is defined as the king, who shall act upon the advice of his South African ministers. That there be no mistake, the king Is defined as the one determined by the laws of succession of the United Kingdom. In South Africa the kings representative Is the governor-genera- l. Neither he nor the king have any powers of veto or reservation of a bill. The governor-genera- l may, however, simply return a bill with his opinion for further considers-- ' tlon If he thinks It wise. The king does not retain the power to name the prime minister and to dissolve parliament. The case of war would be the real test For, with the clearly worded status act, the Union of South Africa can now decide for Itself whether or not to remain neutral If the empire enters a war. Says Clarke; "It might even secede altogether, though not apparently, by legal process. Some commentators in England ns well as In South Africa feel disturbed by these possibilities. But equal status necessarily Implies them, and legal barriers would be flimsy defenses against the strong political pressure when the time of crisis comes. It will be remembered that when England entered the World war there was widespread dissension In South Africa, and even serious uprisings In some cases. Clarke goes on: Neutrality and secession are political Issues, to he determined In the light of all the facts when the question arises. They are not to be determined In advance, as some of the die hard lawyers seemed to demand, by any constitutional lcgisla-tlon- , especially legislation under such documents as the Balfour declaration and the Statute of West-minste- The Ties That Bind, The abolition of the prerogative power of the king aroused the anguish of the pro British faction In South Africa. This faction claimed that In the time of crisis the king Washington, D, - 0. ernments finances. Mr. Roosevelt justifies these heavy outlays under the necessities of an emergency. He contends that when prosperity returns and business Is normal, citizens will pay their taxes without complaint and that these taxes will be sufficiently large In their total production to whittle down the gigantic outstanding debt Hence tlfere Is at this moment an urgent need for examination of the whole tax structure. This is necessary to maintain the credit of the United States. If people doubt or lose faith In government bonds, the credit of the government can be said to be Impaired. No nation of people desires that thing to happen. It has long been a recognized truism that If a United General Hertzog. States government bond was not worth are now governed under the Do- Its face value, the money we have and minions office in London. When the the rights we exercise as citizens likewise become Impaired In value and Union was formed in 1909, the constitution provided for the eventual benefit. Inclusion of these territories. Their population, however. Is 99 Careful analysis of government per cent black, and they were left finances In the last 12 months shows out of the original Union and kept that federal revenues Finances were sufficient to under direct London protection because of the treatment they had rewhat Mr. Analyzed cover ceived In previous years at the Roosevelt characthands of the Boer8. erizes as ordinary government costs. When, last year, Prime Minister He means by that the expenses of the Ilertzog announced to Great Brit- regular establishments of government ain that the Union of South Africa and excludes all of the emerwas ready to act immediately to In- gency agencies, of which there are now clude the protectorates, his act drew some sixty-odThis condition reveals an instant appeal from Chief Tshe-kethat federal taxes are about the only Khama of Bechuanaland. Brit- Item In governmental affairs or In ish administration of the protec- private business that have completely torates has not been all that It recovered from depression effects. Remight be, but natives and native covery has been sufficient to make the sympathizers believe that It is bet- total revenues virtually the same as ter than the discrimination which those received under the Hoover admight harm them at the hands of ministration In the fiscal year of the Boers. It shows also that Mr. RooseNative Chiefs Balk. velt has not reduced the cost of ordiUnionists claim that there are no nary running expenses' of the governselfish reasons for annexation, for ment as he had planned when he bethe Union has plenty of land and came President plenty of economic difficulty without I mentioned earlier a comparison of taking on that of the native areas. the public debt now and In 1916. Let Basutoland Is tremendously over- us take another date, namely, 1919. crowded and conditions among the At that time tiie outstanding debt was blacks are deplorable. The Union $26,594,000,000. The annual Interest would move the surplus population charge on that debt was just short of over to the vast expanses of one billion dollars. Today with a Bechuanaland, where the populamuch larger outstanding debt the antion Is scarce, and would give the nual Interest charge amounts to only blacks land and Irrigate it $S20,000,000 per year. The natives and their chiefs are This seems almost paradoxical but afraid of this. The reason Is that the answer lies In the Interest rate the the Tatit Company, Ltd., own government is paying. In 1921 the about 1,325,000 acres in Bechuanaaverage rate of Interest calculated on land. They fear that the blacks all different types of government semight be exploited Industrially curities wrns 4.34 per cent here, that the grazing land which At the outstanding present time It Is less than 3 has been held out to them as a cent So credit must be accorded home kind for the surplus Union per the treasury for its gradual, reduction blacks might be seized by the sur- In Interest rates. Ten years ago an plus whites of the Union. effort was made to market securities With the constitutional differ-ence- at gradually lower Interest rates. It straightened out between did not succeed fully because private black and white in the Union, and business was demanding capital and with the rising of a new generation private business was paying higher which does not feel so bitterly the Interest rates. In the last five or six inequality of the whites and the years private business has called for Is held that the governblacks, It very blue Government securiment under Smuts and Hertzog ties and themoney. I iw of supply and demand means well by the natives. operated to allow the treasury to sell AW 1929-193- s , ' ait am Nwaoft.Dr Uxxlo C. its bonds and notes at Interest 0n tf,e ,ne much tf 1 s therefor, Roosevelt administration has XI ' the public debt by about $8,0001 f but has succeeded in actually reS the carrying charge of this gre Jfi structure by more than year. That is the situation JUae today. Restoration of business and the resultant demand for ,lJieT may change the market for bonds almost overnight but tr,sa P!l.ag, pects for such business activity nref e immediate. M 1 w w I'.ared m JlvlM One of the Interesting things often occurs in government affair! Tte 6 the explosive eff Sfarfs of a single mforwa Something or a single reap?"" by an imports! It is a characteristic of cfcaj;1" ing conditions and it is a clrcumsiai ' 1 flciaL which causes Washington observers!!! 83 be on their toes continuously (1 lai cause they never can tell when cle 1 an incident will occur. Thus 1( wfia e the other day that Represents was Brewster, Republican, of Maine, g car mer governor of that state, arose,, she his place in the house of repref was lives and charged that the Rooset-iba- t administration was threatening jjft reca vldual members of the house wliptrton dined to support the administers thi view on a particular piece of legivery tlon. Mr. Brewster named one Tlioi of M Corcoran as the administration ei. refa sary and bearer of the threats. Bfe jt of details of the circumstance and. formed the house that the legkta,e tl( which the administration demand should support was the ,de.,c0j& sentence" provision In the bill to nate utility holding companies. jae 0j flee It to say that Mr. Brewster did V t , in. jtew The point of this Incident, hovvejj g that immediately there came tf many quarters In the house a d mi lnft for an investigation of lobbying at ties. There had been many chi theretofore that the public utility the poratlons were with lobbyists In their effort to (fej iman the "death sentence section. Tli aDgI reason back of this sudden oul bit however,- - lies in dissatisfaction a&"& many members of congress wlthtge'eenn employed by the Roosevelt admlnls1 tlon. They have taken orders' ba stantly since March 4, 1933, bait" ste no are going longer they parently Is over-runnin- g P wal obey. So the Investigation of lobbying h s cl be started by a house committee f me, It will be broader than Just the mutant utility lobbyist If the undercut ans' of Information proves to be ceplbus administration representatives have frequented the house chans. I during consideration of the holifiyoui v company bill will be placed off witness stand to tell their story. 1 1 f ja si In the meantime and maybe as a h hi suit of the excitement over the lifter Look Into Lobbying ster charge, ScBajyou Black, an Alt-la- Democrat f twlpori fireworks In tha S ate. He Is prepared to create h.faj" gating machinery In that end rt Capitol to determine what Infl the utility lobbyists have exert yea: That Investigation also will go leyt , je the utility lobbyist phase. It Is act, uled to dig up dirt on lobbyist! other legislation. Thus far ther$ I been little mention of administrate J activities around the senate. But, as In the case of the hu?0UI vestlgation, it appears now thj ,ronr senate Investigation has a doubiq p 'ira; a pose. It will be recalled that S a Black fostered a bill requlrh g lobbyists In Washington to register, the Capitol, to show their connect! to show what salaries or other jet, an a pensation they receive and t public certain types of correspond passing between them and the io. , whom they represent The gosiip bill, although. that the senator passed the senate without will have hard sledding In the iWj, Senator Black appears to be pr to? Ing on the theory that the Invt tlon will create additional atnaefb and public demand for passage of $ lobbyist registration measure, . f it Actually, I believe that the bH' gation will do no more than ruin pl,C9) tations of some few people. Sijhno Inquiry will not stop lobbying. Inrtni not even curb or reduce lobby long as Individuals have proper1! tlnn W, value of which may be affecte way or the other by federal legis Rip seat j just so long will Individuals Influence their representatives anfi gtr ators In congress. It seems to i t, i be a perfectly natural and n $?(, thing, and without defending the HH ti or type of lobbying and the raw ed deals that may come from lob j?he the voters have a right to express ti,) I views to their representatives, sib who the of present The Irony ed Is that undoubtedly there will reference In cither Investigation tp him a tremendous activity carried on American Federation of Labor ists or the lobbyists for the AmJ Legion or the lobbyists for tha ro groups such as the pacifists or flu, tJI Russian of leal supporters government. Nor Is It likely thi jh correct picture of administration o sure upon the last two sessions will be disclosed. grot-B - r s If' fai Wetrn |