Show Ab oui C s S v rW w xv fe 1 r rS S fe v A 3 I IkC kC I r y c v i s t sf N ay l 4 I Bathing Beach at Valparaiso CPr Prepared d by the National Society Washington D D. C C. HE recent forced retirement of ofa ofa ofa T THE a president of Chile throws emphasis on some of the un un- usual asual features of the Chilean constitution constitution con con- and government The old Chilean constitution exIsted exIsted existed ex ex- isted from 1833 until 1025 1925 and was the oldest constitution of a republic In the western hemisphere except I that of the United States It was was was' an a-an an Intimate mixture of the governmental governmental govern govern- mental principles of the United States tates ant nn those of Europe While It was not designed with such an Idea In view developments de' seemed to be steering Chile toward a real parliamentary s system stem Then came the new constitution of 1 19 1923 5 5 which modified their trend Under the Chilean constitution of 1833 the American system of three separate functions functions executive executive legislative legis laU lathe and Judicial was judIcIal was adopted but unlike the United States Chile Incorporated a s system stem of ot federal centralization which was probably more extreme than In any other re re- re- re public This president appoints the 16 10 who correspond roughly to our governors go With the nominating them he also appoints the 03 05 governors go who rule over o regions such as might be formed by groups of counties In the United States and the of ot municipalities with more than population The governors go appoint to administer the smaller municipalities roughly correspondIng corresponding corresponding cor cor- responding to townships and the ates In turn appoint Inspectors Inspectors inspectors In In- for small precincts The whole elaborate civil hierarchy centers centers cen cen- In th the president and Is ruled form the national capital Direct Election Adopted The constitution of 1833 provid- provid led ed for the Indirect election of presIdent presIdent president pres pres- ident for five Dve years through a n sort of lof electoral college the Indirect Jele election of senators In the provinces t or year sixteen terms and the dIrect di direct dl- dl election of members of the lower low Jow er ler er house bouse from the districts This has ihas all been changed The press i dent is now v directly elected for six sl years but Is Ineligible for re re-elee- The 45 4 senators are elected by direct vote ote In their groups of provinces for terms of eight years with half halt the seats newly tilled fined every four years The deputies of ithe lower house bouse are arc also elected by direct popular votes In their depart depart- or groups of departments As Asin in tn the United d States a cabinet Is IB appointed by the president and Is le to him Tho The old constitution established ithe the Roman Catholic church and pro pro- pro other oUter forms of public wor- wor ship Th The new constitution separated sepa- sepa rated church and state and did away with property qualifications for voters All AU citizens over o twenty twenty- one years of at age who can read and write and who register may vote ote oteAn An unusual feature of the Chilean government go Is Its tribunal call fica fica- dor dor which must pass on the validity of all elections of president senators senators sena sena- tors and deputies It consists of five members chosen by lot one chosen from past presidents and vice Inca presidents of the senate one from past presidents and vice presidents pres- pres 4 dents dents of ot the lower chamber two from ministers of the Supreme court and one from the ministers of the Court of Appeals of ot the tb-e city congress meets t where Chile ChUe may be superficially compared com corn to California with directions pared reversed It stretches In a n narrow strip with the Pacific on one side and a mountain range on the other and embraces dry desert a productive productive tive temperate region and an era of and cold cold- Whereas California California Cali Call moisture fornia ornia is only miles mUes long however bow how Chile Is 2700 miles In length ever cr correspond with Chile in n extent Toof To of latitude covered v California would have bave tn to annex on the south a strip twice as long as MexIco's Lower rower and would have to extend extend ex ex- te California tend northward ard to the lower tip of k PJ Alaska's Alaska's Great Ethnical Differences Chile differs as much ethnically the real South America AmerI n as It from politically l It has hns had a n great great- does proportion of ot northern European t I er cr migration migration than Its ua sister states r German and British The Tha I strain Is s a n mixture of ot P spa h and nd Indian a which extends through all nU levels levels- Few Immigrants from Europe have hn come In The Ibe vast vait beds of sodium nitrate discovered dIsco In what Is now northern Chile more than years ago have bave meant much to the country economically economically econom econom- leally during the last half century But nut the perfection of processes In Europe to extract extinct nitrogen elec clec electrically from the air and the growth of ot ammonia products from coal distillation dis dis- has hns greatly reduced the preferred position that Chile long held First opened up In 1830 when the region was under Peruvian and Bolivian BolIvIan Bo Bo- livian ownership the mining operations operations opera opera- did not reach a great magnitude magni tude tudo until Chile annexed the territory terri tern tory tort In 1880 After fter that the worlds world's demand for nitrate grew so great that by 1913 Chile exported between two and three million tons The World war Increased the demand for tor nitrate Is the chief raw material mate mate- m material te- te rial for tor explosives as ns well as for wheat and cotton growing and Chiles Chile's desert deposits kept the guns of the allies alUes If It one would get a quick conceptIon conception conception concep concep- tion of the Importance the lovely surroundings and the climate of Santiago Chiles Chile's capital he should set San Francisco or Los Angeles down In the most beautiful Inland position of the Valley of California give the Sierra Nevadas feet more height and pile on them more generous caps of snow Santiago with Its nearly three- three quarters of oC a million population Is fairly comparable In size to Pitts PItts- PIttsburgh Pittsburgh burgh and Boston Among the SpanIsh Spanish Spanish Span Span- ish cities of the world only Madrid and Barcelona In the Old world and Buenos Aires and Mexico City In Inthe Inthe inthe the New exceed It But It is lS not on size that that admirers ers era of Santiago base their eulogies The city like our own capital has hasa a subtle charm all its Us own Much of this Is due to Its location Many travelers tra agree that It has the most beautiful and Inspiring setting of all the great Inland cities of ot the world It Is situated near the upper end endot of ot a rimmed mountain-rimmed valley 40 miles long by 20 miles wide Ten miles to the east the Andes rise to heights greater than feet presenting presenting pre pre- a towering wall always snow On the west Is a lower low er coast range and to the south stretches a n level expanse of ot fertile farming land divided Into large es es- tates Park of Santa Lucia Santiago Is built on the plain but within It rises a foot hill covering cov eying ering several hundred acres which has bas been made Into one of the worlds world's unique parks Once nearly bare the hill of Santa Lucia has been transformed Into an nn enchantIng enchantIng enchanting enchant enchant- ing modern hanging banging garden of ot gro es and flower beds winding roads and trails cascades terraces sylvan theaters and observation kiosks s. s From Its slopes one may obtain numerous charming vistas and from Its top Santiago lies spread out In all Its lovely details It Is a city predominately of low roofed flat buildings for the band hand of ot Spain lies dies heavy upon It In all matters of habit and custom But Buttor for tor nil all that the old Spanish life Ufe has has' taken on a briskness that must be bt bred of tb the West There Is a movement movement movement move move- ment and bustle much of the Ole Influence of ot Old Spain and which at the same tI time e stamps San tiago unmistakably n a a metropolis The axis of ot life In Santiago Is the beautiful Alameda de las the tree lined avenue a of the delights delights de de- lights which cleaves the city In two Its great breadth of feet teel Is divided by four rows of ot stately trees Down the center Is the Paseo a 11 broad promenade lined with many flower beds and statue statue- studded little parks along which Innumerable In n numerable nursemaids herd their romping charges On either side of 01 the Pasco Paseo are the tracks of the elece elec trie street railway and farther out oot outside outside side are broad highways The Ala Alameda Alameda meda Is la lined with many of ot the th finest residences and public build buildIngs lags Ings of the tho capital The lover of fresh tresh air comes Into his own In Santiago's delightful ell cli mate Great crowds promenade on the Paseo Pasco and In the plazas each I evening e Most of at the dwellings am arc I of the Spanish type with open courts court In the center In which most of ot the family's time Is spent The TIle street streetcars streetcars cars are double double-deckers with tin tilt upper seats open Those who wish to climb the steps and enjoy the nit nil niland and the view pay a smaller fee that than the passengers who ride on tb the lower level le 1 |